关于中国春节的由来

关于中国春节的由来

2009-01-22 14:22:58    来源：    编辑：爱词霸官网    点击：次

　　春节，是农历的岁首，也是我国古老的传统节日。古代过“年”不是在腊月二十九日或三十日，而是在“蜡日”，即后来的“腊八”。南北朝以后，把“蜡祭”移至岁末。到了民国时，改用阳历，才把阴历年叫“春节”，因为春节一般都在“立春”前后。

　　春节是我国最盛大、最热闹的一个古老传统节日。俗称“过年”。按照我国农历，正月初一古称元日、元辰、元正、元朔、元旦等，俗称年初一，还有上日、正朝、三朔、三朝、三始、三元等别称，意即正月初一是年、月、日三者的开始。

　　春节，顾名思义就是春天的节日。春天来临，万象更新，新一轮播种和收获季节又要开始。人们有足够的理由载歌载舞来迎接这个节日。于是，节前就在门脸上贴上红纸黄字的新年寄语。

　　春节的另一名称叫过年。“年”是什么呢？是一种为人们带来坏运气的想象中的动物。“年”一来。树木凋蔽，百草不生；“年”一“过”，万物生长，鲜花遍地。“年”如何才能过去呢？需用鞭炮轰，于是有了燃鞭炮的习俗。1993年，北京市人民政府颁布了禁放烟花爆竹的法律，使这一沿续了几百年的习俗成为历史。

　　春节是个亲人团聚的节日，这一点和西方的圣诞节很相似。离家的孩子这时要不远千里回到父母家里。真正过年的前一夜叫“除夕”，又叫“团圆夜”，“团年”。传统的庆祝活动则从除夕一直持续到正月十五元宵节。喜庆气氛要持续一个月。正月初一前有祭灶、祭祖、扫除污秽。三十日要贴门神、对联、挂旗、吃饺子、放鞭炮，除夕“守岁”等仪式；正月初一晚辈向长辈拜年，然后至亲友家贺年。亲友第一次见面时，说些“恭贺新喜”、“恭喜发财”、“恭喜”、“过年好”等话，互相祝贺。





　　The Origin of Chinese New Year

　　The Chinese New Year is now popularly known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the Begining of Spring (the first of the twenty-four terms in coodination with the changes of Nature). Its origin is too old to be traced. Several explanations are hanging around. All agree, however, that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese solely means "year", was originally the name of a monster beast that started to prey on people the night before the beginning of a new year.

　　One legend goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would swallow a great many people with one bite. People were very scared. One day, an old man came to their rescue, offering to subdue Nian. To Nian he said, "I hear say that you are very capable, but can you swallow the other beasts of prey on earth instead of people who are by no means of your worthy opponents?" So, it did swallow many of the beasts of prey on earth that also harrassed people and their domestic animals from time to time.

After that, the old man disappeared riding the beast Nian. He turned out to be an immortal god. Now that Nian is gone and other beasts of prey are also scared into forests, people begin to enjoy their peaceful life. Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper decorations on their windows and doors at each year's end to scare away Nian in case it sneaked back again, because red is the color the beast feared the most.From then on, the tradition of observing the conquest of Nian is carried on from generation to generation. The term "GuoNian", which may mean "Survive the Nian" becomes today "Celebrate the (New) Year" as the word "guo" in Chinese having both the meaning of "pass-over" and "observe". The custom of putting up red paper and firing fire-crackers to scare away Nian should it have a chance to run loose is still around. However, people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, except that they feel the color and the sound add to the excitement of the celebration.

年初一到年十五传统春节风俗

2010-02-08 09:50:19    来源：    编辑：    点击：8856次

年终奖：你的年终奖到手了吗？      冷暴力口语，你伤父母心了吗？

　　说起圣诞节，估计大家都会滔滔不绝，但说起中国传统的春节，大家又知不知道怎么用英语来个简短介绍呢？赶紧来看看吧。跟老外侃圣诞不算什么，不如侃侃春节。不过很多这些风俗连小编自己都不了解，也许我们现在过的春节已经不是正宗的春节了吧。

　　New Year celebrations is a grand event of China. New Year festivitieslasts for one month in China. Chinese New Year is also called Springfestival. It begins from the middle of the last month of the year andends up in the first month of the new year. These last day celebrationsin China is called Lantern Festival。

　　History of Chinese New Year

　　追溯历史：名叫“年”的怪兽

　　ChineseNew Year has a very interesting and unique history. According to theChinese legends, there was a giant beast Nian who used to swallowhumans in a single bite. Relief from the horrifying beast cameonlywhen people realized that Nian was scared of red color and loud noises.They started bursting crackersand used red color to scare the beast. Since then, this day was namedasGuNian meaning "Pass over the Nian". Chinese considered the day an auspicious one as it brought new life for them and celebrated it as a New Year。

　　Chinese New Year Dates

　　农历新年，年年不同

　　Chinese New Year falls on a different date every year. Chinese calendar is a combination of solar and lunar calendar. Chinese New Year falls on second new moon after the winter solstice(冬至). Chinese calendar has a 12 year cycle and each year is named afteranimal. Chinese believe that every person resembles an animal and thisreflects their traits. Year 2006 was the Year of the Dog. People born on this date are said to be very loyal and trustworthy。

　　Chinese New Year Celebrations

　　新年找乐，日日不同

　　Lot of excitement can be seen in the last 15 days of New Year celebrations. Every day has a special importance to it. Chinese ritualize and celebrate each day in a customary manner. Given below are the line wise celebrations of the New Year in China:

　　年初一：祭拜天地

　　Day1: People began their day by offering prayers and welcome the godsofheaven and earth. Most of the people stay away from meat to ensurehealthy living。

　　年初二：狗狗过生日

　　Day 2:Successively, prayers are offer to their ancestors and other gods.Chinese are strict care-taker of dogs and feed them well. This is dayis considered to be the birthday of all dogs。

　　初三初四：走亲访友，媳妇回娘家

　　Day3 and 4: These are very important days for the families to keep uptheir relations. It calls for every son-in-law to pay respect to theirparents-in-law。

　　年初五：“破五”祭财神

　　Day5: According to the traditions, nobody visits friends and relativeshouses as it would bring bad omen. They stay back home to worship theGod of wealth. The day is called Po Woo。

　　年初六：百无禁忌，出门活动筋骨

　　Day6: On this day, people freely meet their near and dear ones and evenvisit nearby temples to pray for their well being and high spirits。

　　年初七：吃面条，祝长寿

　　Day 7: This is Chinese farmers' day. They display their backbreaking

　　produce. They also prepare a drink from seven different typesofvegetables. On this day, everybody eats noodles which is a symbol oflong life and fish representing success。

　　年初八：凌晨拜天公

　　Day8: It's an other day to be celebrated with the family and friends. Theyalso offer midnight prayers to Tian Gong, the God of Heaven。

　　年初九：玉皇大帝登场

　　Day 9: Prayers are offered to Jade Emperor。

　　初十、十一、十二、十三：大吃大喝，最后记得回归清淡

　　Days 10 to 13: From 10 to 12, people celebrate the days by having sumptuous dinner with the loved ones and the 13th day is left for a very light dinner to cleanse the system。

　　年十四：准备闹元宵

　　Day 14: People start preparing for the celebration of Lantern Festival to be held on next day。

　　年十五：吃元宵看灯火

　　Day 15: Since it is the first night to see full moon, people hang out colorful lanterns, eat glutinous rice balls and enjoy the day with their families。

春节送礼：这些禁忌点，你知道吗？

2014-01-27 10:06:51    来源：原版英语    编辑：huangqiaoxiao    点击：1900次

年终奖：你的年终奖到手了吗？      冷暴力口语，你伤父母心了吗？

Below are some taboos when giving gifts to your Chinese host at Chinese New Year.

以下是过年送礼的禁忌。

1. If a Chinese family experiences funeral affairs less than a month before Chinese New Year, do not visit the Chinese family at Chinese New Year.

如果过年前一个月参加过葬礼，那么春节期间就不要拜亲访友。

2. Chinese people believe that good things should be in pairs, so make sure you take a pair of gifts with you.

中国人讲究好事成双，所以送礼尽量挑选双份。

3. Tear off the gift’s price tag, no matter how expensive it is.

并且不管礼物多贵都要撕掉价签。

4. Never prepare a watch or a clock as a gift to a senior.

不要给年纪大的人送手表或者钟表。

5.Red and gold are considered fortunate colors and white and black are taboo colors.

红色和金色象征着财富，反之白色和黑色寓意着不详。

大年初一有哪些禁忌点？

2014-01-31 15:48:00    来源：网络    编辑：huangqiaoxiao    点击：2060次

年终奖：你的年终奖到手了吗？      冷暴力口语，你伤父母心了吗？

On the first day of the New Year the following taboos apply:

1. Medicine: It is a taboo for a person to brew herbal medicine or take medicine on the first day of the lunar year, otherwise it is believed he or she will get ill for a whole year. In some places, after the bell announcing the New Year at midnight New Year's Day, sickly people break their gallipots (medicine pots) in the belief that this custom will drive the illness away in the coming year.

药，如果这天熬过或者服用过中药，那么来年一年身体都不会健康。有些地方则迷信于，在辞旧迎新的那一刻，家里身体不好的人会砸破药罐，据说来年会驱走病魔。

2. New Year's breakfast: Porridge should not be eaten, because it is considered that only poor people have porridge for breakfast, and people don't want to start the year "poor" as this is a bad omen. Therefore people must have cooked rice for the first meal of the year, in the hope that the family will be rich for the whole coming year.

新年早餐：鉴于往日只有穷人才会喝稀饭，倘若你想来年财运亨通，那么第一顿就别喝稀饭，你可以大年初一的早上吃些米饭，以期待家庭来年的财源滚滚。

3. Besides, meat should not be eaten at this breakfast out of respect for the (Buddhist) gods (who are believed to be against killing of animals), as all gods are expected to be out meeting and wishing a happy New Year to each other.

鉴于当下诸神正在相互拜年，恭贺新禧。所以这段时间也不要吃肉，这样会对佛祖不敬因为其反对杀生。

4. People do not wash clothes on the first and second day, because these two days arecelebrated as the birthday of Shuishen (水神： the Water God).

初一和初二两天也不要洗衣服，因为这两天是水神的生日。

5. Needle work should not be done. The use of knives and scissors is to be avoided for any accident, whether harming a person or tool, is thought to lead to inauspicious things and the depletion of wealth in the coming year.

初一这天针线活也要停止，因为使用剪刀和针，会伤到人或是损坏工具，如此以往则会显得不太吉利，导致来年破财。

6. A woman may not leave her house; otherwise she will be plagued with bad luck for the entire coming year.

妇女们也不能离开屋子，否则来年一整年都不会顺顺利利。

7. A married daughter is not allowed to visit the house of her parents, as this is believed to bring bad luck to the parents, causing economic hardship for the family.

已经嫁娶的女孩也不要拜访父母，否则会给他们带来霉气，而致经济困难。

8. The act of sweeping on this day is associated with sweeping wealth away.

这天也不能打扫屋子，据说会扫掉财富。

9. Hair must not be washed on the first day of the lunar year. In Chinese language, hair (发) has the same pronunciation (and indeed is the same character) as fa in facai (发财), which means to become wealthy. Therefore, it is seen as not a good thing to "wash one’s fortune away" at the beginning of the New Year.

新年的第一天不能洗头，因为“发”在中文里的和发财的同音。所以如果洗头，则会将新年伊始的财富洗之一空。

英语话春节：年味儿十足的传统习俗

2014-02-24 10:05:00    来源：网络    编辑：huangqiaoxiao    点击：2452次

年终奖：你的年终奖到手了吗？      冷暴力口语，你伤父母心了吗？

2014 Spring Festival falls on January 31. The holiday in China starts from January 31 to February 6, 2014. It is the Year of the Horse according to Chinese zodiac.

2014年农历春节是1月31号。这次春节假期从1月31日延续到2月6日。根据中国生肖算法，2014年是马年。

Chinese Spring Festival, also called Lunar New Year, has more than 4,000 years of history. Being one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it is the grandest and the most important festival for Chinese people. It is also the time for the whole families to get together, which is similar with Christmas Day to the westerners. Originating during the Shang Dynasty (about 17th - 11th century BC), Spring Festival, which celebrates family reunion, is full of rich and colorful activities, and hopes with the advent of spring and flowers blossoming. People from different regions and different ethnic groups celebrate it in their unique ways.

中国的春节，也被称为农历新年，迄今已有四千多年的历史。对于中国人来说，这是规模最大，最重要的传统节日。就如同西方的圣诞节一样，春节是一家团聚的日子。春节起源于商朝(公元前11-17世纪)，为了庆祝全家团圆和表达对春暖花开的期盼，节日期间会准备丰富多彩的活动。不同地区和不同少数民族人们会用自己独特的方式庆祝这一传统节日。

Festival Time

节日时长

It comes on the first day of Chinese lunar calendar and lasts for almost half of a month. But in folk custom, this traditional holiday lasts from the 23rd day of the twelfth month to the 15th day of the first month (Lantern Festival) in the lunar calendar. Among these days, the New Year’s Eve and the first day of the New Year is the peak time. The exact days are different in every year according to the lunar calendar.

春节从农历新年第一天开始，几乎要持续一整个月。但在民间传统中，这一节日从腊月23日就开始了，直到正月十五(元宵节)。在这些天里，除夕和春节第一天是最热闹的时候。根据农历，每年除夕和春节所在的公历日期都有所不同。

History

春节由来

It is said that the custom of Spring Festival started in when people offered sacrifice to ancestors in the last month of Chinese lunar calendar. At that time, people prepared the sacrifice by doing thorough cleaning, having bathes and so on. Later, people began to worship different deities as well on that day. It is the time that almost all the farm works were done and people have free time. The sacrificing time changed according to the farming schedule and was not fixed until the Han Dynasty (202BC-220AD). The customs of worshipping deities and ancestors remains even though the ceremonies are not as grand as before. It is also the time that spring is coming, so people held all kinds of ceremonies to welcome it.

据说，春节起初源于人们在农历腊月祭祀先祖，在那期间，人们为了祭祀会做大扫除，沐浴换衣等等。后来人们开始在那一天敬奉神明。春节期间正好各种农耕活动结束，人们有空余时间。最开始的祭祀日期由于农耕活动并不固定，直到汉朝(公元前202年-公元220年)才固定下来。祭祀神明和先祖的传统延续下来，但并不像以前那样浩大。春节也是春天的开始，所以人们会举办各种仪式迎接春天的到来。

Legends

春节传说

There are many legends about Spring Festival in Chinese culture. In folk culture, it is also called "guonian" (meaning "passing a year"). It is said that the "nian" (year) was a strong monster which was fierce and cruel and ate one kind of animal including human being a day. Human beings were scared about it and had to hide on the evening when the "nian" came out. Later, people found that "nian" was very scared about the red color and fireworks. So after that, people use red color and fireworks or firecrackers to drive away "nian". As a result, the custom of using red color and setting off fireworks remains.

中国文化中有很多关于春节的传说。在传统文化中，春节亦被称为“过年”。传说“年”是一种凶猛异常的怪物，每天都会吃一种动物(包括人)。人们非常惧怕他，当“年”夜间出来活动时，人们会找地方躲起来。后来，人们发现“年”非常害怕红色和爆竹，于是，人们用红色和鞭炮来驱赶“年”。久而久之，春节用大红色和放鞭炮的习俗就保留了下来。

Festivities Schedule

春节活动

Preparing the New Year starts 7 days before the New Year’s Eve. According to Chinese lunar calendar, people start to clean the house on Dec. 24, butcher on Dec. 26th and so on. People have certain things to do on each day. These activities will end Jan. 15th of the lunar calendar.

新年的准备工作在除夕前的七天就开始了。根据中国农历，人们从腊月二十四开始打扫屋子，二十六日杀猪宰羊等等。每一天都有不同的活动，所有这些活动将在正月十五结束。

Customs and Practices

传统习俗

Every family does a thorough house cleaning and purchases enough food, including fish, meat, roasted nuts and seeds, all kinds of candies and fruits, etc, for the festival period. Also, new clothes must be bought, especially for children. Red scrolls with complementary poetic couplets, one line on each side of the gate, are pasted at every gate. The Chinese character 'Fu' is pasted on the center of the door and paper-cut pictures adorn windows.

过年期间，每家每户都会做大扫除，购买丰富的食物，包括鱼肉坚果，水果糖果等。另外，春节必须买新衣服，尤其是给小孩子购买。门上贴上新对联和福字，窗户上还要贴上窗花。

Taboos

春节禁忌

The Spring Festival is a start for a new year, so it is regarded as the omen of a year. People have many taboos during this period. Many bad words related to "death", "broken", "killing", "ghost" and "illness" or "sickness" are forbidden during conversations. In some places, there are more specific details. They consider it unlucky if the barrel of rice is empty, because they think they will have nothing to eat in the next year. Taking medicine is forbidden on this day, otherwise, people will have sick for the whole year and take medicine constantly.

春节是新的一年的开始，预示着一年的运气，所以过年期间有很多禁忌，比如“死”“破”“杀”“鬼”“病”这类字眼是谈话中要避免的。在某些地方还有一些特殊的禁忌，比如新年米缸空了不是好兆头，因为这预示着新的一年将没东西吃，春节那天也不能吃药，这会预示着新的一年疾病产生，医药不断。

Festival Food

节日美食

Food during this happy event has its characteristics, which is the representative of Chinese festival food culture. Dumplings and the reunion dinner are indispensable at this time. Cold and hot dishes are all served. Fish is always an important dish then, which expresses people’s hope of having a wealthy year.

春节期间的食物也很有特色，代表着中国传统饮食文化，饺子和团圆饭是不可或缺的，冷盘热菜都得上，鱼也是春节一道重要的菜肴，它代表了人们年年有余的期望。

Best Places to Go

节日好去处

In China, different places have their own traditions and activities to celebrate the Spring Festival. Beijing, Guangzhou, Xian and Pingyao are some good places to go if one intends to come during the time period. If one does not want to travel so long, but still want to enjoy the atmosphere of Chinese New Year, the local Chinatown is the best place.

在中国，不同的地方庆祝春节的方式和传统各不相同。北京、广州、西安和平遥是不错的春节去处。如果国外的朋友不想去这么远的地方，当地的中国城是感受春节氛围的好地方。

正月十五闹元宵：关于元宵节的美丽传说

2014-02-12 10:18:51    来源：沪江英语     编辑：huangqiaoxiao    点击：1693次

年终奖：你的年终奖到手了吗？      冷暴力口语，你伤父母心了吗？

Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. This is the first full moon of the new year, symbolizing unity and perfection. Lantern Festival is an important part of Spring Festival , and marks the official end of the long holiday.

元宵节是农历正月的第十五天，这是新年的第一次满月，象征着和睦和团圆。元宵节是春节的一个重要组成部分，也象征着春节长假的正式结束。

There are many legends concerning the origins of Lantern Festival.

关于元宵节的来历有很多传说。

According to one legend, once in ancient times, a celestial swan came into the mortal world where it was shot down by a hunter. The Jade Emperor, the highest god in Heaven, vowed to avenge the swan. He started making plans to send a troop of celestial soldiers and generals to Earth on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, with orders toincinerate all humans and animals. But the other celestial beings disagreed with this course of action, and risked their lives to warn the people of Earth. As a result, before and after the fifteenth day of the first month, every family hung red lanterns outside their doors and set off firecrackers and fireworks, giving the impression that their homes were already burning. By successfully tricking the Jade Emperor in this way, humanity was saved from extermination.

有一个传说是这样的，在古代，有一位神界天鹅闯入人间被猎手误杀。天界最高的神玉皇大帝因此发誓为这只天鹅报仇。他开始制定计划，派出一支天兵天将于农历正月十五来到人间，命令他们火烧所有的人和动物。但是其他神仙并不赞同这一计划，他们冒着生命危险提醒人间的人们。结果，在正月十五这一天前后，每一个家庭在门外挂起灯笼，并燃放烟花爆竹，给天兵天将造成各家各户起火的假象。通过这种方式，人们成功骗过了玉皇大帝，人类也因此逃过灭绝的危险。

According to another legend, during the time of Emperor Han Wudi of the Han Dynasty , a palace woman named Yuanxiao was prevented from carrying out her filial duty of visiting her parents on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Distraught, she said she would kill herself by jumping into a well. In order to help Yuanxiaofulfill her duty as a filialdaughter, the scholar DongfangShuo came up with a scheme. He told Emperor Han Wudi that the Jade Emperor, the highest god in Heaven, had ordered the Fire God to burn down the capital city of Chang'an on the sixteenth day of the first lunar month. Anxious to find a way to save his city, the emperor asked DongfangShuo what he should do. DongfangShuo replied that the Fire God loved red lanterns more than anything. He advised that the streets be hung with red lanterns, and the emperor, empress,concubines, and court officials come out of the palace to see them. In this way, the Fire God would be distracted and disaster averted. The emperor followed DongfangShuo's advice, and while everyone was out viewing the lanterns, Yuanxiao was able to sneak out of the palace and be reunited with her parents.

另外一个传说发生在汉武帝时期。一位名叫元宵的宫女因身处深宫，没法在正月十五与父母团聚尽孝。为此，她欲跳井自尽。为了帮助元宵姑娘为父母尽孝，智者东方朔想出了一个计划。他告诉汉武帝，天界最高的神——玉皇大帝下令在正月十六火烧长安都。为了拯救长安城，汉武帝问东方朔该怎么办。东方朔回答说火神最爱大红灯笼。他建议在街道上悬挂大红灯笼，皇帝、皇后、六宫嫔妃和朝廷大臣都要外出观赏灯笼。这样，火神的注意力就会被分散，灾难也就可以避免了。皇帝采纳了东方朔的建议，当所有人都外出赏灯时，元宵得以有机会溜出皇宫，和家人团圆。

Although the above stories are quite fantastical, it is sure that the origins of Lantern Festival are related to ancient humanity's use of fire to celebrate festivals and avert disaster. Since Lantern Festival involves making offerings to the deities and is celebrated at night, it is natural that fire would play an important role. Over time, Lantern Festival gradually evolved into its present form. When Buddhism was introduced to China during the Eastern Han Dynasty , the emperor decreed that on the night of the full moon of the first lunar month, lanterns should be lit to honor Buddha, adding yet another level of significance to Lantern Festival. And according to Daoism, Lantern Festival is associated with the primordial deities of Heaven and Fire, who were born on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

虽然上述的传说很神奇，但可以确定的是元宵节的起源必定跟古代人们使用火来庆祝节日、躲避灾难有关。元宵节活动包括逃避邪神，且是在晚上庆祝，所以很自然地，火就扮演了很重要的角色。随着时间的流逝，元宵节逐渐演变为今天的形式。东汉时期，佛教传入中国，皇帝下令，在正月第一个满月的晚上，必须点亮灯笼敬佛，这也使元宵节更增添了一份意义。而在道教里，元宵节是与掌管天界和火的元神紧密相连的，因为他们就诞生在正月十五。

Eating yuanxiao (sweet dumplings made with glutinous rice flour) is one of the special traditions of Lantern Festival. Lantern Festival is also called Yuanxiao Festival. Another name for yuanxiao is tangyuan, which literally means "boiled spheres."

吃元宵(由糯米粉制成的甜馅儿食物)是元宵节一个特别传统，而元宵节也因这种食物得名。元宵的另一种叫法是汤圆，字面意思就是“煮熟的圆球状食品”。

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