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2018年考研英语一真题和答案解析

发布时间：2021-05-04   来源：文档文库   
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- . 2017考研英语一真题及参考答案

Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the mon cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to e 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . - -可修编.
- . "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty." Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 【答案】[B] Besides 2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior 【答案】[A] connected 3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host 【答案】[D] host 4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep - -可修编.
- . 【答案】[C] avoid 5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting 【答案】[B] involving 6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on 【答案】[D] on 7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted 【答案】[B] exposed 8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out 【答案】[C] down 9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined 【答案】[A] calculated 10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained 【答案】[D] explained - -可修编.
- . 11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus 【答案】[A] Even 12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors 【答案】[B] symptoms 13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased 14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] pared 【答案】[B] associated 15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record 【答案】[C] generate 16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of 【答案】[A] in the face of 17.[A] transfer [B] mit [C] attribute [D] return - -可修编.
- . 【答案】[C] attribute 18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until 【答案】[A] because 19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases 【答案】[C] remains 20.[A] experiences [B] bines [C] justifies [D]influences 【答案】[D]influences Text 1 First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are remending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public - -可修编.
- . support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, bined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has bee — but the lines are obvious. Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. - -可修编.
- . It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Uping reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to [A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks. [B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide. [C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports. [D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection. 22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports? [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags. [B] The declining efficiency of the TSA. - -可修编.
- . [C] An increase in the number of travellers. [D] Frequent unexpected secret checks. 23. The word “expedited”
(Liner 4, Para. 5 is closet in meaning to [A] quieter. [B] cheaper. [C] wider. [D] faster. 24. One problem with the PreCheck program is [A] a dramatic reduction of its scale. [B] its wrongly-directed implementation. [C] the government’s reluctance to back it. [D] an unreasonable price for enrollment. 25. Which of the following would be the best for the text? - -可修编.
- . [A] Less Screening for More Safety [B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines [D] Underused PreCheck Lanes 答案：21-25 ACDDC Text 2 “The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT, a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. - -可修编.
- . Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we e from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy munity is making promises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna - -可修编.
- . Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be weled on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars. 26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates [A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy. [B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. [C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times. [D] her appreciation of star watchers’
feats in her time. 27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to [A] its geographical features. [B] its protective surroundings. [C] its religious implications. [D] its existing infrastructure. 28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because - -可修编.
- . [A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life. [B] it reminds them of a humiliating history. [C] their culture will lose a chance of revival. [D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea. 29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy [A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians. [B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world. [C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture. [D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’
hostility. 30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of [A] severe criticism. [B] passive acceptance. [C] slight hesitancy. - -可修编.
- . [D] full approval. 答案：26-30 DABCC Text 3 Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to. The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing. - -可修编.
- . While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, ine equality and environment. This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different. So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most mon method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outes –
all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being. The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress. 31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he [A]praised the UK for its GDP. - -可修编.
- . [B]identified GDP with happiness. [C]misinterpreted the role of GDP. [D]had a low opinion of GDP. 32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that [A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern. [B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy. [C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK. [D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP. 33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study? [A]It excludes GDP as an indicator. [B]It is sponsored by 163 countries. [C]Its criteria are questionable. [D]Its results are enlightening. - -可修编.
- . 34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that [A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom. [B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline. [C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP. [D]it requires caution to handle economic issues. 35. Which of the following is the best for the text? [A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson [B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health [C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP [D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being 答案：31-35 DCDCA Text 4 In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding - -可修编.
- . its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a pany seeking access to government. The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled”
issues related to his duties. Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found. The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”
The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic pact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”
But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual - -可修编.
- . or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth. Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual. The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism. 36. The underlined sentence(Para.1 most probably shows that the court [A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties. [B] made no promise in convicting McDonnell. [C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct. [D] refused to ment on McDonnell’s ethics. 37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves - -可修编.
- . [A] concrete returns for gift-givers. [B] sizable gains in the form of gifts. [C] leaking secrets intentionally. [D] breaking contracts officially. 38. The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are [A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters. [B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues. [C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents. [D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism. 39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to [A] awaken the conscience of officials. [B] guarantee fair play in official access. [C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying. - -可修编.
- . [D] inspire hopes in average people. 40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is [A] sarcastic. [B] tolerant. [C] skeptical. [D] supportive. 答案：36-40 CBABD Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international munication has obviously been continuing for several decades. - -可修编.
- . (46But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. plex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol (47His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities. David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a petitive advantage over their British counterparts in global panies and organizations. Alongside that,(48many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in - -可修编.
- . languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads. (49The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage. The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50 It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it. 【答案】
(46 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
- -可修编.
- . (47 因此，对于那些认为英语的国际地位无懈可击、甚至觉得他们的年青后辈们不需要学习其他语言的人而言，他的分析可能会给他们的骄傲自大画上一个句号。
(48 众多国家正在将英语引进小学课程，但是，毫不夸地说，英国学童和学生似乎没有受到更多的鼓励去学会流利地使用其他语言。
(49 大卫·拉尔多所发现的变化给教授他国人士英语的英国机构以及更广阔的教育市场带来了显而易见的巨大挑战。
(50这给所有致力于推广英语学习和使用的机构提供了一个制定规划的依据，让我们能够应对未来完全不同的操作环境里出现的各种可能性。


2017年考研英语一小作文点评及文
今年英语一的小作文不出预料，再一次考查到了推荐信。在英语一的考试当中，推荐信已经考查过两年了。例如我们英语一在2011年就考查过向你的朋友推荐一部电影。具体题目要Write a letter to a friend of yours to1 remend one of your favorite movies and;2 give reasons for your remendation. 2015年考察的是you are going to hold a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words remending a - -可修编.
- . book to the club members.You should state reasons for your remendation. 而今年的作文题目要求给新来的澳大利亚国籍教授James Cook介绍你城市的tourist attraction。因此，考生不用惊慌只要把2011年或2015年的小作文，主要是推荐原因部分，稍作修改即可成文。这就启发我们2018届的同学们要高度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考查。
那么今年的作文具体该如何来写呢?今年考题的Direction要求向新来的James Cook教授推荐旅游景点。根据题目的要求，我们可以判断本文为公务信函，语域为正式语域，即不能出现缩写、省略问句和和口语表达。
称呼： Dear Prof. James Cook, 注意称呼中，Prof后面的句点不能丢，称呼最后的逗号号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。当然如果称呼不写Prof. 写成Mr. James Cook 也是可以的。
正文
第一段：写作容需涵盖两点：1：欢迎Cook 教授来中国;2：写信目的，表明推荐。用到了这样的表达Wele to China. I know you love traveling, so I’m writing this letter to remend to you one of my favorite scenic spot- Harbin, which is an old northern city of China. 第二段：写作容为推荐原因。可以从三个角度来考虑：美景、美食和热情的人们。用到了这样的表达：I think you must like it for the reasons as follows. To begin with, there are an amount of beautiful scenic spots, such as the Ice and Snow Kingdom - -可修编.
- . in winter, the Sun island, the Central Street and so on. In addition, you could taste a great number of snacks on the average street. Last but not least, the people of Harbin are overwhelmingly hospitable and enthusiastic, which is famous all over China. 第三段：再次强调写信目的。Owing to the reasons discussed above, I won’t hesitate to remend this scenic spot to you. I am sure you will enjoy it. 最后，表达祝福
Best wishes for you! 落款： Yours sincerely, 特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢; 签名： Li Ming特别注意 Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。落款和前面左、右对齐都可以。
参考文：
Dear Prof. James Cook, Wele to China. I know you love traveling, so I’m writing this letter to remend to you one of my favorite scenic spot—Harbin, which is an old northern city of China. I think you must like it for the reasons as follows. To begin with, there are an amount of beautiful scenic spots, such as the Ice and Snow Kingdom in winter, the Sun island, the Central Street and so on. In addition, you could taste a great number of snacks on the - -可修编.
- . average street. Last but not least, the people of Harbin are overwhelmingly hospitable and enthusiastic, which is famous all over China. Owing to the reasons discussed above, I won’t hesitate to remend this scenic spot to you. I am sure you will enjoy it. Best wishes for you! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 2017考研英语(一大作文文
52.Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay. You should 1 describe the pictures briefly. 2 interpret the meaning,and 3 give your ments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points - -可修编.
-
.
左边一副图一个男孩放了好多书，没有读;右边一个男孩正在读书，针对本题，按照正康老师教的方法，三段式构思：
1.简要描述-一人在空想，一人在行动! 2.分析引申义-行动的重要性
3.观点建议-提倡行动
What is clearly presented in the picture is two opposite behaviors. In the first picture ,there are a lot of books besides a boy, but he doesn’t read any book at all. On the contrary，, the second boy is making a plan of reading and carrying it out. Nothing can be more far-reaching and thought-provoking than this drawing! Apparently ,the implication of the given picture can be interpreted with regard to the significance of taking actions.No one can deny the fact that taking actions is extremely - -可修编.
- . essential to achieve your goals. Only by putting your dream into action, can you really realize it. If you never take actions, you will never have a chance to win. Just as an old Chinese saying goes: “The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step.” The more actions we take, the more likely we are to accumulate experience, master skills and get close to our destination. To further demonstrate the importance of taking actions, I would like to take a famous fable as a case in point: the Foolish Old Man who dreamed of removing the mountain in front of his gate began with carrying away small stones and finally realized his dream. Consequently, I believe, on the one hand, our government and the media should lose no opportunity to publicize the importance of taking actions. On the other hand, in our daily life, more than just thinking of something, we have to put it into action. Only by doing so, can we achieve our objectives and realize our dream.

- -可修编.

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