汉译英三步骤:
1.理解原文
包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解,也包括对原文句子之
间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。
2.英语表达
在正确理解原文的基础上进行的,不是一对一的死译,而是在理解原文的基础上用相应
的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。
3.核对检查
认真阅读自己的译文,要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思,是否有
漏译、错译,译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。
汉译英翻译技巧:
1.选择恰当的英语词汇
有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思,还有内含意思。
e.g. “国家”:country, nation, state, land
分别内涵:疆土、人民、政府、感情
有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思,运用时要特别注意。
e.g. “宣传”publicize, propaganda (带贬义)
汉译英选词原则:
(1)选适合上下文的词汇
e.g. “观众”:audience, viewer, spectator
分别表示:听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众
“条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达:
工作条件:working condition
有利的条件:favorable situation
录取条件:admission requirement
付款条件:terms of payment
词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。
e.g. 近年来由于就业问题日益严重,有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些
家务繁重的女工。
“就业问题”:employment problem, unemployment problem(找不到工作就业已
成问题,即失业问题)
“没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs(没有工作又
需要找工作的妇女,不需找工作的并不包括在内)
(2)要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同
e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。
②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。
①His joke made us laugh.
②What he said make us laugh.
We all smile at what he said.
(3)选词时不要望文生义,不要死译,要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。
e.g. ①他们的好奇心得到了满足。
Their curiosity has been fulfilled.
Their curiosity has been satisfied.
2 Fulfill
:满足某人的愿望和要求等,不能用于满足好奇心
②他负责学生会的工作。
He was responsible for the student union.
He was in charge of the student union.
Be responsible for
:对某事的发生或后果负责
Be in charge of
:负责某工作
③现在要办成事,关系是非常重要的。
Relationship is very important to do anything nowadays.
Nowadays social connections are very important to get things done.
“关系”
:社会关系
使用动词不能望文生义。
e.g.
“接受”
:
receive
接受惩罚:
receive punishment
接受检阅:
pass in review
接受敬礼:
take the salute
接受救济:
be on relief
接受手术:
go under the operation
接受挑战:
rise to the challenge
(
4
)
注意词的内在含义,特别是对于含贬义的词要慎用
e.g.
新来的经理很能干,但是也很固执。
The new manager is capable but pigheaded.
The new manager is capable but stubborn.
2.
理清汉语的句子结构
(
1
)
看清句子的主语与谓语
e.g.
①晚上躺在这张陌生的床上实在使我难以入睡。
At night, being on a strange bed prevented me from sleeping.
At night, I couldn’t fall asleep on a different bed.
②非法停车将被拖走。
Illegal parking will be towed away.
Illegal parked cars will be towed away.
(
2
)
理清句子与句子之间以及主句与从句之间的关系。
一定要先把主句结构译出来,形成译文的骨架,然后再加进其他成分。
e.g.
专利是一种官方文件,发明人根据该文件可以控制使用他的发明物的权利。
A patent is an official documentby which an inventor can control the right to use his
invention.
3.
英语译文要简洁,要符合英语的表达习惯
(
1
)
有些汉语中表示抽象范畴的词可以省去
e.g.
①在很多情况下,学生都是到最后期限才写论文。
Many students write their papers just before the deadline.
②两国之间的战争状态终于结束了。
The war between the two countries was over.
③他为了中国人民的解放事业贡献了自己的一生。
He devoted his whole life to the liberation of Chinese People.
(
2
)
有些在汉语中重复出现的词语可以省略
3
e.g.
我们应该善于发现问题,分析问题,解决问题。
We should be able to find, analyze and solve problems.
(
3
)
有些汉语中重复的意思不必重复翻译
e.g.
①他故意说谎。
He is telling a deliberate lie.
He is telling a lie.
②我们想知道这项研究项目的最终结果。
We want to know the final outcome of the research project.
We want to know the outcome of the research project.
(
4
)
汉语中表示动作时间的词和一些习惯性加的动词可以省去
e.g.
①他一直在这个学校教书教了
10
年。
He has been teaching in this school for 10 years.
②有许多人对这本书感兴趣。
There are many people who are interested in this book.
Many people are interested in this book.
4.
汉译英时要注意英语中代词指代的准确性以及修饰结构的位置,以免造成意思上的混
乱。
e.g.
①小李的爸爸让他把书放好。
Xiao Li’s father told him to put his books away.
Xiao Li’s father told him: “Put your books away”.
②这所大学有许多国内外著名的教授。
The university has many well-known professors at home and abroad.
The university has many professors well-known at home and abroad.
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