Amold Toynbee has said that all progress ,all development come from a challenge and a consequent response.阿诺德.汤恩比说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自于挑战及由此引发的反应。
Without challenge there is no response, no development , no freedom.没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，就没有自由。
So frist we owe to our children the most demanding,challenging curriculum that is within their capabilities. 所以我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力所允许的范围内为他们开设要求最严格，最富有挑战性的课程。
The second opportunity we can give our boys and girl is the right to failure .我们可以向我们的孩子提供的第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权力。
“Freedom is not only a privilege, it is a test.” writes De Nouy.德.纽尹写到；“自由不仅是一种特权，也是一种考验。”
What kind of a test is it,what kind of freedom where no one can fail?如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？
The day is past when the United States can afford to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction,regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned.美国可以向所有在高中读完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。
We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert, awake to realism;and realism demands a standard which either must be met or result in failure.我们现在生活在一个越来越小的世界里，我们必须对现实保持清醒的认识，而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败。
There are hard words, but they are brutally true .这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。
If we deprive our children of the right to fail we deprive them of their knowledge of the world as it is.如果我们剥夺了孩子们失败的权力，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。
Owners/founders are extremely driven and dynamic.业主或企业创建者不仅进取心强而且精力充沛。
Often they excel at more than one skill. A他们往往擅长于多种技能。
In many cases, production experts are also marketing geniuses or skilled financiers.在许多情况下，他们既是生产专家，又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。
Replacing them may require more than one person.要接替他们的工作则需要较多的人。
Therefore,family business owners should determine exactly how the business functions by creating organizational charts. 因此，家庭企业的业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定企业该怎样运行。
Each key member of the succession process should create his or her own chart.参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应制定他们自己的组织机构图。
There charts should then be compared.然后，对它们进行比较。
The differences will point to gaps in the management structure and highlight areas of misunderstanding and differences in perception.各机构图之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异，存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。
Few businesses,even family business, grow without the help of loyal employees.没有忠心耿耿的雇员，很少有企业能发展壮大，那便是家庭企业也是如此。
More often than not, they hold key positions in management.这些尽职的雇员多半担任了主要的管理职务。
Therepore,you must keep your employees informed about long-range succession plan.务必让雇员了解公司长远的交接计划。
Key management must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their responsibilities will be in a succession-management structure.而主要的企业管理人员必须清楚地知道他们在产业交接管理机构中的职责。
Develop a compensation and benefit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family .改进企业的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要的部门经理，激发他们的积极性，使他们能为企业和业主的最大利益而工作。
Historically, Jeep’s reputation as a go-anywhere vehicle dates back to the second World War when the original Allied forces through the Pacific and Europe.在历史上，吉普车以其能适应的各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司生产地最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。
The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring says the name Jeep stemmed from the United States Army’s decision to call the vehicle GP,for General Purpose vehicle.《麦氏汽车驾驶大全》一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP即多功能车之意。
The name was eventually corrupted to ‘jeep’,from the pronunciation of the letters GP,and became a trademark owned by the Willys company.而后，GP这两个字母的读者被误发成为“吉普”并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。
Jeep became part of Chrysler in 1988 and the company has since spent a lot of money to revitalize the jeep production facilities,and to increase the number and style of models available.1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。
Chrysler says the jeep’s war-time reputation and rugged image undoubtedlly helped it to carve out a new role in peacetime as a recreational vehicle.克莱斯勒公司名称，吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。
It says the jeep created the original market for recreational, off-road vehicles using the powerful four-wheel drive traction (known commercially as 4WD) for which the army jeep was famous.该公司说，吉普为休闲越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的4轮牵引装置（商业上称为4轮驱动），过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。
Some observers suggest that perhaps what we are seeing is not a real change at all,that, like the sexual revolution it is not really a revolution in behavior but in expression.一些观察家提出，我们正在看到的这种现象根本就不是什么重大变化，或许，它跟性革命一样，不是人们行为上的而是表达方式上的一种剧变。
“It may be”say one Connecticut psychoanalyst .”that an identifiable group that has existed all along is simply coming out of the closet ,like homosexuals.康涅狄格州的一位精神分析学家说；“也许，一直就是那么一群与众不同的人存在着。只不过他们现在从隐藏处走了出来，就象同性恋者那样，公开表明了他们的观点。
The spirit of the time is to do your own thing and not hide it,and these people may reflect an increased frankness and openness rather than any real change.我们这一时代的潮流就是干你想干的事而不是加以掩饰。这些人身上所反映的不是什么变革而是人们现在越来越坦率直言的这样一个现象。
In recent decades it has become clear that for a distinction minority of American women the traditional mother role in the seclusion of the home is no longer acceptable.在近几十年的时间里，人们渐渐地明白了一个事实，那就是为数不多的美国妇女已不陌生接受并愿意继续扮演深居简出的传统的母亲。
For many the family is of diminishing importance.许多人认为家庭的重要性正日益消失。
The development of education for women has been a crucial factor in this change.妇女受教育程度的提高是造成这一变化的重要因素。
Today,over 80 percent of all woman complete four years of high school as compared to only 35 percent in1940.如今，80%多的妇女完成了四年制的高中学习。而1940年，完成这一阶段学习的妇女仅占35%。
This is related to the fact that marriage how occurs a year later for the average woman.这与现在美国妇女平均晚一年结婚的事实有关。
The proportion of women aged 20 to 24 who are single increased from 28 percent in 1960 to 40 percent by the mid 1970s.20岁至24岁女性未婚者从1960年的28%上升到20世纪70年代中期的40%。
Childbearing is being postponed so that,compared to the 1960s .10 percent fewer women bear their frist child in the two years immediately following marriage.人们推迟了生儿育女的时候，只有不到10%的妇女是在结婚后两年内生孩子。
Furthermore,more women today remain childless .除此之外，越来越多的妇女不想要孩子。
Work,older age at marriage and childless are the basic changes that have taken place in women’s roles in recent years.工作、晚婚，不要孩子是近年来妇女作用发生变化的主要表现。
The new combination of age and poverty in several countries in Latin America and Asia will create many problems that are already familiar to industrial countries, but with far fewer resources to tackle them.在不少拉丁美洲和亚洲国家，老龄化和贫困将引起许多新问题，而这些问题对于工业化国家来说并不陌生，但是这些国家拥有的资源却要少得多。
Ethical dilemmas over the use of scarce resources will be manified .在使用有限的资源时所遇到的伦理道德方面将更为突出。
Financing of health care and pensions could be a nightmare.为医疗保健和养老金提供资金可能成为这些国家面临的一件棘手的事。
In many countries,older people are still too small in number, and for the most part too politically passive,to act as an effective pressure group for long-term policies to further their own interests.在许多国家，老年人的人数太少，在政治上多半相当被动，以致无法成为一个能对长期政策施力有效压力来促进自身利益的团体。
But that is changing as their numbers increase,and they learn to flex their political muscles.但随着其数量的增加，这样状况正在改变，他们知道需要集结他们的政治力量。
By 2030,it would be a bold politican who neglected one voter in three-especially as older people in general turn out to vote in much bigger numbers than others.到2030年将没有一个政治家大胆到敢于忽略三分之一的年老选民---而老年选民一般参加投票的人数要比其他选民多。
As the poet Edmund Spenser put it almost four hundred years ago.正如诗人埃德蒙.斯宾塞在近四百年前所说的那样。
Nature,who is the “greatest goddesse”.（大自然是“最伟大的女神“。）acts as a sort of earthly lieutenant of God,and Spenser represents her as both a mother and judge.她似乎担任了上帝驻地球总督的职务。斯宾塞把她描写成一位母亲和法官。
Her jurisdiction over the relations between the creatures: she deals”Right to all…indifferently.” For she is “the equal mother” of all “And knittest each to each,as brother unto brother.”她管辖着所有生物之间的往来，并不分厚薄地给予他们权利，因为她是位公正的母亲。她把他们紧密地联结在一起，就像兄弟姐妹。
Thus,in spenser, the natural principles of fertility and order are pointedly linked with the principle of justice,which we may be a little surprised to see that we attributes also to nature.因此，在斯宾塞看来，生物繁殖及生物秩序的自然规律与公正则显而易见是联系在一起的，当我们得知斯宾塞认为大自然也具有公正原则的时候我们或许有一点吃惊。
And yet in his insistence on an “indifferent” natural justice ,resting on the “brotherhood” of all creatures,not just of humans,Spenser would now be said to be on sound ecological footing.然而，斯宾塞不是仅仅以人类的手足之情而是以所有生物的手足之情为依据来坚持说自然界有这么一位“公正的”法官。即使是在当今，我们也会说斯宾塞是以生态学作为其可靠依据的。
If our porper relation to nature is not opposition,then what is it?如果我们人类和大自然的固有关系不是互相对抗的，那么，它有是什么样的一种关系呢？
This question becomes complicated and difficult for us because none of us,as I have said, wants to live in a”pure” primeval forest or in a “pure” primeval prairie ;we do not want to be eaten by grizzly bears,with weeds; if in Kentucky,we are trying to improve our pastures, we are likely to be enemies of the nodding thistle.对我们来讲，这个问题是不变得相当复杂难解，因为正如我先前所讲过的那样，我们中没有人想在未经开发的原始森林或在未经改造的原始大草原上生活，我们不想被大灰熊吃掉，假如我们是园艺家，我们有正当的理由去抱怨国内的杂草，在肯塔基州，如果我们准备改良牧场，我们就很可能成为那一片片随风摆动的大蘓的敌人。
But,do what we will,we remain under the spell of the primeval forests and praires that we have cut down and broken; we turn repeatedly and with love to the thought of them and to their surviving remnants.但是，尽管随了心愿，我们仍会对那些曾经被我们砍伐破坏了的原始森林和原始草原着迷，我们会一而再而三地想起它们，从而喜欢那些幸存的原始森林及原始草原。
We find ourselves attracted to the grizzly bears,too.and know that they and other great, dangerous animals remain alive in our imaginations as they have been all through human time.我们还会感到我们自己被大灰熊深深地吸引，我们知道，在整个人类时期我们会一直想起大灰熊及其他一些又大又危险的动物。
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