延安枣园红色主题文化公园景观设计研究
摘 要
伴随着历史，中国共产党人在贫瘠的中华大地上，在艰苦动荡的时代背景下，先烈们在人类文明发展史上做出惊心动魄、触目惊心的举动。他们承担着民族的使命，做出生动具体的革命故事。中华民族、中国共产党人在上一世纪建党之初通过第一次土地革命的开始，有一大批追随者文学家、艺术家、思想家、哲学家和革命的实践者们共同组成了一个可歌可泣的历史场景。由此产生伟大的红色革命精神，这不仅是权利之间、战争之间争夺的精神品质，并且蕴含着深厚的文化内涵。红色文化是中华文明史上非常重要的组成部分，它是中华民族乃至人类思想史上的精神财富，是传统文化的精髓，代表着中华民族的品质、精神。今天我们有义务有责任去疏理、怀念、歌颂这段历史，传承这种精神。为了传承、发扬红色精神文化，加深公众对历史的认同感，满足当代人们的精神需求，使我们的魂魄、心胸更开阔。红色文化建设蒸蒸日上，将红色文化作为一个设计主题应用于景观设计的发展中，从景观设计中体验红色文化精神，寻找革命足迹。
延安是我国重要红色革命老区，是伟大的革命圣地，大力宣传延安红色文化品牌，发扬延安精神，营造红色文化氛围，是全市的重点建设项目。本文基于红色文化对延安历史、人文、景观资源调研了解，对延安地域文化和民俗文化考究。从延安红色历史事迹和民俗特色中提炼符号元素，将这些元素浓缩演绎成景观元素，运用到延安枣园红色主题文化公园的景观设计中，并运用现代设计手法，对红色文化以及民俗文化在景观设计中的应用进行研究，这是一个需要进一步研究探讨分析的课题。将延安地区特有的民俗地域文化与红色文化结合，创建具有延安特色的红色主题文化公园。本文在实地调研的基础上，对红色主题文化公园的景观规划进行多方位、多角度的分析，对项目的周边环境现状分析，对公园的建设价值进行分析。
本文阐述了延安枣园红色主题文化公园的文化定位、设计目标、设计理念、设计原则等，对其分别做了详细的规划分类。主要论述红色文化的梳理提炼，通过实例例证法对文化公园设计案例分析比较其设计手法。公园从总体布局、景观环境、交通布局等方面入手规划设计，以延安红色文化作为景观核心，结合生态特色和民俗文化特色，传统文化与现代景观设计结合，彰显当代延安特色红色文化，建设集教育、文化、休闲、体验、生态为一体的红色主题文化公园。
关键词：红色文化、延安、文化公园、景观设计
Under the background of the turbulent time, and over the resource-poor Chinese land, Chinese communists and revolutionary martyrs have made a Soul-stirring and arduous feat in the history of human civilizations. They were assuming national mission , with countless vivid and specific revolutionary stories were taken place. When the Party established last century, meanwhile at the beginning of the First Agrarian Revolution, Chinese nation and Chinese communists attracted a huge following including litterateurs, artists, ideologists, philosophers and the practitioners of revolution, they together constituted the historical scene that capable of evoking praises and tears. This gave birth to a great Red Revolutionary Spirit, which was a spirit quality strived for by rights and wars, as well in which included profound cultural connotations. Being the marrow of traditional culture and the spiritual treasure in Thinking History of Chinese nation even the whole human, the Red Culture, which represents the quality and spirit of Chinese nation, is a significant component of the history of Chinese civilization. Today, it′s our responsibility and obligation to comb, cherish, and eulogize the revolutionary history period. For inheriting and promoting Red Culture, deepening public′s identity to history, the construction of Red Culture has been developing flourishingly now. Red Culture has been being applied to the developing of landscape architecture as a designing theme. In this way, people can experiencing Red Spirit and seeking revolutionary traces in landscape architecture.
Yan′an is not only an important revolutionary old liberated area, but also a great Mecca of Chinese revolution. Vigorously propagandizing Yan′an Red Culture brand, carrying out Yan′an spirit and creating red cultural atmosphere are citywide priority construction projects. In this paper, based on the investigation and survey to the source of history, humanity and landscape architecture in Yan′an, we researched local culture and the folk culture, extracted and refined symbol elements from Yan′an red stories and folk characteristics. Then these symbol elements were condensed into our landscape elements and were deduced. We made full use of these landscape elements into the designing of Yan′an Zaoyuan Red theme park. In addition, we used modern design method to research the application of red culture and folk culture in landscape design. While, further studies, explorations and analyses are needed to this subject. This Red culture theme park with Yan′an feathers was created by combining local folk custom with red culture. On the basis of extensive field research, this paper sought for multi-direction and multi-angle analysis to the landscape planning of red culture theme park, took a status analysis to surroundings and a value analysis to the construction of the park.
This paper elaborated the culture orientation, design objective, design philosophy and design principles of Yan′an Zaoyuan Red theme cultural park, and classified each of these in planning. This article mainly described the combing and extracting of red cultures, analyzed different cases of culture park designing by exemplification and compared their design techniques. Starting with the planning design of overall layout, landscape environment and traffic structure, taking Yan′an red culture as a core, blending the feature of local ecology and folk custom and combining traditional culture with modern landscape design, the Red theme cultural park will be created in the collection of education, culture, relaxation, experience and ecology, to demonstrate the modern characteristic Red culture of Yan′an.
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