奥巴马总统在南非前总统曼德拉追悼会上的悼辞

Barack Obama：Remarks at Memorial Service for Former South African President Nelson Mandela

巴拉克•奥巴马在在南非前总统曼德拉追悼会上的悼辞

Delivered December 10, 2013, First National Bank Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa

2013年12月10日发表于南非约翰内斯堡国家第一银行运动场

张少军译、校

Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you so much. Thank you. To Graça Machel and the Mandela family; to President Zuma and members of the government; to heads of states and government, past and present; distinguished guests -- it is a singular honor to be with you today, to celebrate a life like no other. To the people of South Africa -- (applause) -- people of every race and walk of life -- the world thanks you for sharing Nelson Mandela with us. His struggle was your struggle. His triumph was your triumph. Your dignity and your hope found expression in his life. And your freedom, your democracy is his cherished legacy.

谢谢你们！非常感谢你们！谢谢各位！格拉萨•马歇尔（莫桑比克前总统马歇尔遗孀、曼德拉的最后一任妻子）、曼德拉家族成员、祖马总统和政府成员、各国或各政府的前任或现任首脑、尊敬的各位嘉宾：今天能和你们一起来纪念一位非凡的人是一种难得的荣誉。南非人民——各种族各行业的南非人：世界感谢你们和我们一起分享曼德拉。他的奋斗就是你们的奋斗。他的凯旋就是你们的凯旋。你们的尊严与希望在他的生命中找到了最好的表达，你们的自由与民主政体是他最宝贵的遗产。

It is hard to eulogize any man -- to capture in words not just the facts and the dates that make a life, but the essential truth of a person -- their private joys and sorrows; the quiet moments and unique qualities that illuminate someone’s soul. How much harder to do so for a giant of history, who moved a nation toward justice, and in the process moved billions around the world.

颂扬一个人其实很难——光凭言语，不仅要捕捉那些造就一个生命的事实与岁月，更要描绘一个人的本质精神，描绘那能够揭示某人灵魂的他那私密的欢乐与悲哀，他那安静的时刻与独特的品质；而要颂扬一位历史巨人，一位鼓舞一个国家走向正义并在这过程中鼓舞了全球几十亿人民的巨人，更是难上加难。

Born during World War I, far from the corridors of power, a boy raised herding cattle and tutored by the elders of his Thembu tribe, Madiba would emerge as the last great liberator of the 20th century. Like Gandhi, he would lead a resistance movement -- a movement that at its start had little prospect for success. Like Dr. King, he would give potent voice to the claims of the oppressed and the moral necessity of racial justice. He would endure a brutal imprisonment that began in the time of Kennedy and Khrushchev, and reached the final days of the Cold War. Emerging from prison, without the force of arms, he would -- like Abraham Lincoln -- hold his country together when it threatened to break apart. And like America’s Founding Fathers, he would erect a constitutional order to preserve freedom for future generations -- a commitment to democracy and rule of law ratified not only by his election, but by his willingness to step down from power after only one term.

出生于第一次世界大战期间，远离权力的中心，在放牧牲口中长大，在坦布部落长者的教导下成人，马迪巴(部落长者给曼德拉的荣誉头衔，后来成了曼德拉的同义词)将成为20世纪最后一位伟大的解放者。如同甘地，他将领导一个反抗运动——一个开始时几乎看不到成功前景的运动；如同马丁•路德•金博士，他为被压迫者为种族平等的道德必要性发出有力的声音；他将忍受残酷的监禁，从肯尼迪与赫鲁晓夫的时代开始，直到冷战的结束；出狱后，放弃武力，如同亚伯拉罕•林肯，他将把他面临分裂威胁的国家团结在一起；如同美国的开国领袖们，他将建立宪政秩序为未来的世世代代保有自由——不仅通过选举执政，而且通过一届总统任期后的自愿放弃权力，来信守他对民主和法治的承诺。

Given the sweep of his life, the scope of his accomplishments, the adoration that he so rightly earned, it’s tempting I think to remember Nelson Mandela as an icon, smiling and serene, detached from the tawdry affairs of lesser men. But Madibahimself strongly resisted such a lifeless portrait. (Applause.) Instead, Madiba insisted on sharing with us his doubts and his fears; his miscalculations along with his victories. “I am not a saint,” he said, “unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.”

鉴于他旋风般的一生、他生平成就的高度、他理应赢得的爱戴，我想，建一座平静微笑的、区别于一般人俗艳浮夸的雕像来纪念纳尔逊•曼德拉，应该是一个诱人的想法。然而曼德拉本人强烈反对这样一种毫无生气的雕像。反之，曼德拉坚持与我们一起分享他的怀疑与畏惧，以及伴随着胜利的他的失误。“我不是圣人，”他说，“除非你们认为圣人就是一个不断努力的罪犯。”

It was precisely because he could admit to imperfection -- because he could be so full of good humor, even mischief, despite the heavy burdens he carried -- that we loved him so. He was not a bust made of marble; he was a man of flesh and blood -- a son and a husband, a father and a friend. And that’s why we learned so much from him, and that’s why we can learn from him still. For nothing he achieved was inevitable. In the arc of his life, we see a man who earned his place in history through struggle and shrewdness, and persistence and faith. He tells us what is possible not just in the pages of history books, but in our own lives as well.

正因为他能够承认自身的不完美，他是那样充满幽默感，所以他即便身负重任依然是那样淘气——而我们也喜欢他这样。他不是大理石雕制的半身像，他是一个有血有肉的人——一个儿子、一个丈夫、一个父亲、一位朋友。这就是为什么，我们从他身上学到如此之多；这就是为什么，我们依然要向他学习。他所取得的成功，没有一样是必然发生的。在他生命的轨迹中，我们认识到一个人是如何凭借奋斗、机敏、坚持与信念来赢得自己在历史上的地位。他告诉我们，那些关于何事具有可能性的知识，不单写在历史课本上，也写在我们的生活实践中。

Mandela showed us the power of action; of taking risks on behalf of our ideals. Perhaps Madiba was right that he inherited, “a proud rebelliousness, a stubborn sense of fairness” from his father. And we know he shared with millions of black and colored South Africans the anger born of, “a thousand slights, a thousand indignities, a thousand unremembered moments…a desire to fight the system that imprisoned my people,” he said.

曼德拉向我们显示了行动的力量以及为理想而甘冒风险的力量。也许曼德拉是对的，当他说到他从父亲那里继承了“一种生气勃勃的叛逆精神，一种不屈不挠的正义感”。当他说到他与数百万黑人及南非有色人种共同的愤怒——一种产生于无数侮辱、无数轻蔑、无数被遗忘时刻的愤怒，一种反抗那禁锢了我的人民的制度的愿望。”（我怀疑原文此处有错：And we know与he said应删去一处）

But like other early giants of the ANC -- the Sisulus and Tambos -- Madiba disciplined his anger and channeled his desire to fight into organization, and platforms, and strategies for action, so men and women could stand up for their God-given dignity. Moreover, he accepted the consequences of his actions, knowing that standing up to powerful interests and injustice carries a price. “I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I’ve cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” (Applause.)

但是像“非国大”的早期领导人西苏禄与坦博一样，马迪巴压抑他的怒火，把他战斗的渴望导入组织、论坛以及行动策略的研究，以便人们能够挺身而出，维护他们与生俱来的尊严。更重要的是，他承担行动的后果，知道挺身而出反对强大的利益集团与社会不公必然付出代价。“我反对白人专政也反对黑人专政。我珍视民主与自由社会的理想——在那里，所有人和谐共处、机会平等。这是一个我希望能活着实现的理想；然而如果必要，我也准备为之牺牲。”

Mandela taught us the power of action, but he also taught us the power of ideas; the importance of reason and arguments; the need to study not only those who you agree with, but also those who you don’t agree with. He understood that ideas cannot be contained by prison walls, or extinguished by a sniper’s bullet. He turned his trial into an indictment of apartheid because of his eloquence and his passion, but also because of his training as an advocate. He used decades in prison to sharpen his arguments, but also to spread his thirst for knowledge to others in the movement. And he learned the language and the customs of his oppressor so that one day he might better convey to them how their own freedom depend upon his. (Applause.)

曼德拉告诉我们行动的力量，也告诉我们理想的力量。他告诉我们推理与辩论的重要，也告诉我们学习的必要——不仅向那些与我们志同道合的人学习，也向那些与我们意见不同的人学习。他懂得，监狱的大墙关不住信念，狙击手的子弹杀不死信念。他能够把对自己的审判转变成对种族隔离政策的控诉，不仅因为他的雄辩与激情，也得益于他作为一个演说家的训练。他用被监禁的几十年时间来磨砺淬炼他的辩论技巧，他还把自己对知识的渴望传递给运动中的其他人。他学习他的压迫者的语言与习惯，以便有一天能够更好地告诉他们，压迫者自身的自由其实奠基于他的自由之上。

Mandela demonstrated that action and ideas are not enough. No matter how right, they must be chiseled into law and institutions. He was practical, testing his beliefs against the hard surface of circumstance and history. On core principles he was unyielding, which is why he could rebuff offers of unconditional release, reminding the Apartheid regime that “prisoners cannot enter into contracts.”

曼德拉证明，仅有行动与想法是不够的。不管有多么正确，它们必须形成法律与制度。他是一个注重实践的人，他总是让自己的信仰接受现实与历史的检验。他在核心原则上是绝不动摇的，这就是为什么他能拒绝“无条件释放”的提议，提醒种族隔离政权“囚犯不能订立契约”。

But as he showed in painstaking negotiations to transfer power and draft new laws, he was not afraid to compromise for the sake of a larger goal. And because he was not only a leader of a movement but a skillful politician, the Constitution that emerged was worthy of this multiracial democracy, true to his vision of laws that protect minority as well as majority rights, and the precious freedoms of every South African.

然而正如他在权力移交和法律起草的艰苦谈判中所显示的那样，他从不害怕为了更远大的目标而退让妥协。而也正因为他不仅是一个群众运动的领导者，更是一位精明干练的政治家；所以后来形成的南非《宪法》不仅与南非多民族民主政体相称，也符合曼德拉关于法律的愿景——法律要像保护多数人的权利一样保护少数人的权利，保护每一个南非人宝贵的自由。

And finally, Mandela understood the ties that bind the human spirit. There is a word in South Africa – Ubuntu -- (applause) -- a word that captures Mandela’s greatest gift: his recognition that we are all bound together in ways that are invisible to the eye; that there is a oneness to humanity; that we achieve ourselves by sharing ourselves with others, and caring for those around us.

说到底，曼德拉意识到那维系人类精神的纽带。南非有一个词叫“乌班图” (Ubuntu，意为“人道对待他人”)，这个词其实就体现了曼德拉最伟大的天赋——他承认有一条看不见的纽带把人类联系在一起，他认识到人性是统一的——我们只有和其他人分享自我并关心周围的人，我们才能最终实现与完成自我。

We can never know how much of this sense was innate in him, or how much was shaped in a dark and solitary cell. But we remember the gestures, large and small -- introducing his jailers as honored guests at his inauguration; taking a pitch in a Springbok uniform; turning his family’s heartbreak into a call to confront HIV/AIDS -- that revealed the depth of his empathy and his understanding. He not only embodied Ubuntu, he taught millions to find that truth within themselves.

我们永远不会知道这种意识有多少得自天赋，有多少成型于黑暗与孤独的牢狱；但我们都记得他那大大小小的种种姿态——他在总统就职典礼上像介绍贵宾一样介绍他的看守；他穿上跳羚队的球衣为橄榄球比赛（它在南非被视为白人运动，足球则被视为黑人运动）开球；他将痛失亲人的悲伤化为防治艾滋病的呼吁——这显示了他怜悯与理解所达到的深度。他不仅将“乌班图”具体化，还教导千百万人寻求他们内心深处的良知。

It took a man like Madiba to free not just the prisoner, but the jailer as well -- (applause) -- to show that you must trust others so that they may trust you; to teach that reconciliation is not a matter of ignoring a cruel past, but a means of confronting it with inclusion and generosity and truth. He changed laws, but he also changed hearts.

正是出于“乌图班”精神，像“马迪巴”这样的人才能让囚犯和看守同获自由——它昭示你必须信任别人，别人才可能信任你的道理；它告诫人们，和解并不是无视那悲惨的过去，而是以包容、慷慨和真诚来面对它。他不仅改变了法律，而且教化了人心。

For the people of South Africa, for those he inspired around the globe, Madiba’s passing is rightly a time of mourning, and a time to celebrate a heroic life. But I believe it should also prompt in each of us a time for self-reflection. With honesty, regardless of our station or our circumstance, we must ask: How well have I applied his lessons in my own life? It’s a question I ask myself, as a man and as a President.

对于南非人民，对于被他所激励的全世界人民，“马迪巴”的辞世的确是一个悲恸的时刻，一个赞美他英勇一生的时刻。但我相信，它还应当是一个促使我们每个人反省的时刻。不论我们的身分地位或生活处境，我们都必须坦诚自问：在自己的生活中，在践行他的教诲方面我做得有多好？这就是我向自己提出的问题——作为一个普通人，也作为一位总统。

We know that, like South Africa, the United States had to overcome centuries of racial subjugation. As was true here, it took sacrifice -- the sacrifice of countless people, known and unknown, to see the dawn of a new day. Michelle and I are beneficiaries of that struggle. (Applause.) But in America, and in South Africa, and in countries all around the globe, we cannot allow our progress to cloud the fact that our work is not yet done.

我们都知道，像南非一样，美国也必须克服那延续了几个世纪的种族压迫。像南非一样，它必以牺牲为代价——为了新世纪曙光的照临，无数知名与不知名的人作出了牺牲。米歇尔和我是他们奋斗的受益者。然而，在美国、在南非、在全世界所有国家，我们都不能因为已有的进步而无视我们的工作尚未完成这一事实。

The struggles that follow the victory of formal equality or universal franchise may not be as filled with drama and moral clarity as those that came before, but they are no less important. For around the world today, we still see children suffering from hunger and disease. We still see run-down schools. We still see young people without prospects for the future. Around the world today, men and women are still imprisoned for their political beliefs, and are still persecuted for what they look like, and how they worship, and who they love. That is happening today. (Applause.)

在追求形式平等或普遍的公民权利方面取得胜利之后，斗争可能不像过去那样充满戏剧性，道义上也不像过去那样泾渭分明，但其重要性依然不减半分。因为，今天，在世界各地，我们依然看到忍受饥饿和病痛的孩子，依然看到破败不堪的学校，依然看到找不到未来的青年。今天，在世界各地，人们依然由于其政治信仰而被监禁，依然由于他们的外貌、宗教和性爱选择而受迫害。这种情况，今天依然在持续发生。

And so we, too, must act on behalf of justice. We, too, must act on behalf of peace. There are too many people who happily embrace Madiba’s legacy of racial reconciliation, but passionately resist even modest reforms that would challenge chronic poverty and growing inequality. There are too many leaders who claim solidarity with Madiba’s struggle for freedom, but do not tolerate dissent from their own people. (Applause.) And there are too many of us on the sidelines, comfortable in complacency or cynicism when our voices must be heard.

因此，我们也必须为正义而行动，我们也必须为和平而行动。有太多的人欣然拥抱“马迪巴”的种族和解遗产，却热衷于抵制最温和的改革——那旨在减少旷日持久的贫困和日益扩大的贫富差距的改革；有太多的领导人声称支持“马迪巴”争取自由的斗争，却不能容忍本国人民有任何异议；我们中间有太多人，在必须发出声音的时候袖手旁观，悠然自得于自己的安逸或犬儒。

The questions we face today -- how to promote equality and justice; how to uphold freedom and human rights; how to end conflict and sectarian war -- these things do not have easy answers. But there were no easy answers in front of that child born in World War I. Nelson Mandela reminds us that it always seems impossible until it is done. South Africa shows that is true. South Africa shows we can change, that we can choose a world defined not by our differences, but by our common hopes. We can choose a world defined not by conflict, but by peace and justice and opportunity.

我们今天面临的问题——如何促进平等和正义、如何支持自由和人权、如何制止冲突和宗派战争——这些问题都没有简单的答案；但是，在那个出生于一次世界大战期间的孩子面前也没有。纳尔逊·曼德拉提醒我们，一项事业在它成功之前看起来总是希望渺茫。南非证明他说得对。南非证明，我们能够变革，我们能够选择一个不是由我们的差异而是由我们的共同希望所定义的世界。我们能够选择一个不是由冲突而是由和平、正义和机会所定义的世界。

We will never see the likes of Nelson Mandela again. But let me say to the young people of Africa and the young people around the world -- you, too, can make his life’s work your own. Over 30 years ago, while still a student, I learned of Nelson Mandela and the struggles taking place in this beautiful land, and it stirred something in me. It woke me up to my responsibilities to others and to myself, and it set me on an improbable journey that finds me here today. And while I will always fall short of Madiba’s example, he makes me want to be a better man. (Applause.) He speaks to what’s best inside us.

我们不会再看到像纳尔逊·曼德拉一样的人。但是，请允许我对非洲的年轻人和全世界的年轻人说，你们一样能够把他毕生的事业当作自己的事业。三十多年前，当我还是一名学生时，我了解到纳尔逊·曼德拉以及在这片美丽的土地上进行的斗争，它搅动了我内心的某种情愫。它唤醒了我对他人和自己的责任，它使我踏上了一个似乎毫无希望的旅程，正是它让我今天站在这里。尽管我永远不能企及“马迪巴”典范的高度；然而是他让我努力成为一个更好的人。他表达了我们内心最好的自己。

After this great liberator is laid to rest, and when we have returned to our cities and villages and rejoined our daily routines, let us search for his strength. Let us search for his largeness of spirit somewhere inside of ourselves. And when the night grows dark, when injustice weighs heavy on our hearts, when our best-laid plans seem beyond our reach, let us think of Madiba and the words that brought him comfort within the four walls of his cell: “It matters not how strait the gate, how charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul.”

在这位伟大的解放者长眠之后，当我们返回各自的城市与村庄返回我们庸常的工作生活之时，让我们去探寻他的力量，让我们从内心深处去发掘他博大宽厚的精神。当夜色渐浓，当非正义沉重地压在我们的心头，当我们精心打造的计划看来不能实现，让我们想想“马迪巴”以及他身陷囹圄时给他安慰的诗句：“不管监狱之门如何狭窄，不管罪名刑罚如何深重，我是我命运的主宰：我是我灵魂的船长。”

What a magnificent soul it was. We will miss him deeply. May God bless the memory of Nelson Mandela. May God bless the people of South Africa. (Applause.)

这是多么高贵的灵魂。我们将深深地怀念他。愿上帝保佑我们对纳尔逊•曼德拉的记忆。愿上帝保佑南非人民。

本文来源：https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/20fa713703d8ce2f006623ad.html