always--invariably
amount--quantity
as a result--consequently
basically--essentially,in essence,substantially
able—capable,in a(ny)position
all the time--continually,continuously,constantly,perpetually
a lot--noticeably,considerably,a great deal,substantially
a lot of--many,numerous,a wide variety of(themes),a whole range of,a wide spectrum of(problems,themes,etc),an abundance of(opportunities,sources etc.)
later--subsequent(ly)
less and less--decreasing(ly)
let,allow--permit
like--to be partial to sth,liking
liking--predilection for sth, partiality for sth
be amount to—constitute
become smaller --be the decrease/decline ,decrease,decline,diminish,dwindle,recede
become worse--deteriorate
before--prior to
begin--commence
better--superior
be(come) used to --be(come) accustomed to
big--major,significant,substantial
carry out--conduct,execute,commit,implement
change--alter,alteration,modify,modification
do--conduct,transact(business)
do not--fail to,omit to
end--conclusion(to bring sth.to a conclusion)
enough--ample,sufficient,adequate(grounds,evidence,preparation,resources etc)
everywhere--ubiquitous(mistakes),persvasive(influence)
fairly--comparatively,moderately
find out-- ascertain(the cause of sth, the truth of sth,whether sth.is true or not,what
really happened etc) discern, discover(the cause of,factors behind sth ,etc)
fitting--proper,appropriate
hatred--animosity
have--contain,be equipped with,possess
if--in the event of,in case(of)
in the end--eventually,finally,ultimately
keep(doing)--continue,continally,continuosly,consistently,constantly,persist in
know--be aware of,conversant with,familiar with
long--extensive(coverage,footnotes,passages,scope),protracted (delay,negotiations),
prolonged(illness,interrogation)
look at--consider,examine(argument,fact),
explore,investigate(possibility),observe(behaviour)
money--funding,funds,resources
more and more--incteasingly
much--considerably,substantially
need--demand,require
next to--adjacent
now--at present,at this juncture,at this moment,currently
often--frequent(ly)
quick(ly)--rapid(ly),prompt(ly)
rich,wealthy--affluent,opulent(society,life-style)
right--appropriate,correct,proper
set up--establish(a new state,a government,a business),institute(custom,inquiry,restrictions,democracy,rule,government)
sharp--abrupt,drastic(rise and falls)
show--demonstrate,evince,manifest
side--aspect(of a prlblem)
small--minor/insignificant (problems,differences etc),marginal(differences)
therefore--consequently
thing--element,aspect,objact,factor,consideration
too--exceessively,inordinately,unduly
too many--an exceessive number of,a disproportionate number of
too much--exceessive(ly)
try--endeavor,strive
understand--appreciate
ups and downs--vicissitudes (of war,history,fortune)
very--extremely,in the extreme,immensely,intensely
yieled--produce(results)
★ 高频形容词：
1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken
2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding
4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous
5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable
6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest
7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome
8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous
9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching
10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated
11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive
★ 高频动词：
1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize
2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger
3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with
4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate
5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture
6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur
7. 认为： think = assert = hold = claim = argue
8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve
9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold
10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize
11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten
★ 高频名词：
1. 影响：influence= impact
2. 危险：danger = perils =hazards
3. 污染：pollution = contamination
4. 人类：human beings= mankind = humane race
5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens
6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being
7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers
8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing
9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents
10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue
11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability
12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill
13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession
14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment
15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant = kid
★ 高频短语：
1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with
2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for
3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for
4. 在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age
5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of
词汇替换
in fact→actually/virtually
want→intend to/tend to/be inclined to
may be→probably
summarize/in conclusion
explain→interpret/illustrate
change→alert
chance→alternative
custom→convention/tradition
think→contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect
arouse→ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate
limit→stress/hinder/hamper
key→crucial/vital/consequential
old→ancient
emphasis→accentuate
devote to→dedicate to
character→trait/individuality/idiosyncrasy/personality
expect→anticipate
join→participate
delegate→representative
bias→prejudice/discriminate/tendency
thrive→palmy/floushing/prosperity
clash→conflict/collision/rencounter
publicize→propagandize
agree partly→agree with reserve
proper→apposite
want to→desire
big city→metropolis
lawmaking→legislation
first→primarily
but→nonetheless/nevertheless
child→juvenile
absorb→assimilate
hand in→render
undermine→sap/enervate/debilitate
get into chaos→with chaos ensuing
key→pivot/crux
sway→vacillate
fanatic patriotism→jingoism/chauvinism
persusive→thorough/sound/specific/convincing
consider→take into account
vague→gratuitous/unwarranted/oversimplified
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