有关酒的术语的翻译

有关酒的术语的翻译

WINE, LIQUOR, SPIRITS

1. 关于酒度

    常见的是用alcohol content(酒精的含量) ，酒精度来表述，如：

    酒度为16~18°：with an alcohol content of 16~18°or contain 20% alcohol

    这种酒酒精度很高。This wine has a high alcohol content.

    但酒业界的酒精含量不等于酒度。洋河酒厂的一位专家指出，他们业内不用alcohol content这

    个词，因为不是这个含义。经多方查找，在韦勃斯特大词典上找到了，是proof这个词。

    proof n. （酒类的）标准酒精度

    Whiskey of 90 proof is 45% alcohol. 90度的威士忌含酒精45%。

    This gin is 15 per cent under (or below) proof.这杜松子酒的酒精度低于标准15%。

    proof n. the relative strength of an alcoholic liquor with reference to the  

    arbitrary  standard for proof spirit; this standard, taken as 100 proof: see PROOF

    SPIRIT

    酒精或酒类的最低强度；标准酒精强度

    proof spirit an alcoholic liquor, or a mixture of alcohol and water, containing by   

    volume 50 percent (in Great Britain and Canada 57.10 percent) ethyl alcohol at 

    15.6°C (c. 60°F)标准烈度的酒（酒精含量美制为50%，英制为57.1%）

    含有标准酒精百分数的酒精饮料或酒精和水的混合物

    1）按体积计算含酒精量接近一半的酒

    2）与蒸馏水体积相同，重量为其12/13或按体积计算含酒精57.10%的酒

    overproof a. Containing more alcohol than proof spirit does含酒精超过规定度数的

    underproof a. Containing less alcohol than proof spirit does 含酒精低于规定度数的

    proof gallon酒度标准加仑

2. “醇和”，“醇厚”：

    mellow a. full-flavoured; matured; not acid or bitter; said of wine, etc.

   ［指葡萄酒］：年头足够而又恰到好处，因而不酸不涩的；酒精适度而又芳醇的

           a mellow wine/port 芳醇的葡萄酒

          fully ripe in flavour or taste熟透的, 芳醇的:

           mellow wine, fruit 香醇的酒; 熟透的水果

          soft and sweet in taste味道柔和甘甜

          soft and ripe (taste)

          (of fruit and wine) sweet and ripe or MATURE, esp. after being kept for a

          long  time

    mature a. (of cheese, wine, etc.) ready to be eaten or drunk; ripe

          come or bring to full development or to a state ready for use

         (of wine or cheese) having reached a stage where its flavour has fully   

         developed成熟的

         mature wine 酿熟的酒

         This wine has not matured properly. 

   full-bodied a. rich in quality, tone, etc.质地纯正的；醇厚的；浓烈的; having a rich 

         flavor and much strength醇厚和浓烈的

         A full-bodied red wine 醇厚的红葡萄酒

  flavour, flavor n. taste and smell, esp. of food味道和气味（尤指食物的）

         Wines with a delicate flavor 有清香味道的葡萄酒

  报章和包装上摘下来一些词组供参考：

      酒性柔和smooth, mild

      酒性柔和和醇厚mellow and mild; having a full body

      清澈绵软 soft and crystal clear

      气香味浓 have a rich fragrant flavour

      醇和 be very mellow; pure and mild

      醇厚 mellow; rich (滋味;气味)

     酒味醇厚 The wine tastes/is mellow.

     适口 be agreeable to the taste

     色泽晶莹 clear

     酒味甘醇 mellow

     浓郁芳香 a pleasant (rose) bouquet

     酒醇清香 fragrant and sweet

     绵甜 soft and sweet in taste; mellow

3．指酒的几个词的区别：

  1）wine n.

      a. alcoholic drink made from the fermented juice of grapes葡萄酒：用发酵了的葡萄 

          汁制成的酒精饮料：

          red wine红葡萄酒 rose wine玫瑰红葡萄酒 white wine白葡萄酒 dry wine干葡萄酒  

          sweet wine 甜葡萄酒

          the wines of Alsace阿尔萨斯产的各类葡萄酒

          White wine is produced from light-coloured grapes or from dark-coloured grapes

          with the skin removed.白葡萄酒是用浅色的葡萄或用深色的葡萄去皮后酿成的。

          Wines vary in color (red, white, rose, etc.) and sugar content (sweet, dry, etc.),  

          may be effervescent (sparkling) or noneffervescent (still), and are sometimes 

         strengthened with additional alcohol (fortified).葡萄酒的颜色不同（红、白、玫瑰红

         等），和含糖量不同（有甜味、无甜味等），有会起泡的（香槟酒），也有不会起泡的（非发

         泡性葡萄酒），有时还加点酒精（强劲葡萄酒）。

         effervesce v. (of a liquid) release bubbles of gas; fizz 指液体释放出气泡，嘶嘶起

         泡

    b. alcoholic drink made from plants or fruits other than grapes果酒：用除葡萄以外的

         花草或水果酿造的酒精饮料：

         apple wine苹果酒 orange wine橘子酒 cowslip wine黄花九轮草酒，药用樱草酒 parsnip

         wine欧洲防风酒dandelion wine 蒲公英酒

    c.  药酒

  2) Liquor n. an alcoholic drink , esp. one made by distillation, as whiskey or rum

       distilled liquors such as whisky, not (usu.) fermented liquors such as beer.

       通常为一种经过蒸馏的烈性酒精饮料（如威士忌酒，朗姆酒），而非指经过发酵的一类产品

       （如葡萄酒，啤酒）

       different kinds of spirituous liquors各种烈酒

       brandy and other spirituous liquors 白兰地和其他烈酒

       (Brit) any alcoholic drink在英国，指任何酒精饮料：

       under the influence of liquor已醉

       (esp. US) any distilled alcoholic drink; spirits （任何蒸馏法制的）酒；烈性酒

       She drinks wine and beer but no liquor.她喝葡萄酒和啤酒，但不喝烈性酒。

  3) Beer n. alcoholic drink made from malt and flavoured with hops

       beers brewed in Germany 产于德国的啤酒

       an alcoholic, fermented beverage made from grain, esp. malted barley, and 

       flavoured  with hops;

       Most beers are made from barley. 大多数种类的啤酒是用大麦酿制的。

 4) Spirits n. (usu. pl) alcohol; strong alcoholic drink (e.g. brandy, gin, whisky, etc.) 

      烈性酒精饮料（如，白兰地，杜松子酒，威士忌等）

      (usu. pl) strong distilled alcoholic drink 蒸馏法酿制的烈性酒：

      I don’t drink spirits. 我不喝烈酒。

      Whisky, brandy, gin and rum are all spirits.

      威士忌、白兰地、杜松子酒、朗姆酒都是烈酒。

4．酒厂：根据酒的制造方法的不同，有三个不同的名词：

 1) winery n. an establishment where wine is made; an establishment for

      making  wine

       (主美)酿酒厂，葡萄酒厂用于通过发酵酿制甜酒厂。

 2)  distillery n. place where gin, whisky, etc. are distilled；a place or 

       establishment where distilling, esp. the distilling of liquors, is done; a place  

      where distilling is carried on; specif., an establishment where alcoholic liquors

      are distilled

      （制造杜松子酒、威士忌酒等的）蒸馏所，制酒厂；白酒厂，烈酒厂用于通过蒸馏法制酒的厂。

 3) brewery n. building in which beer is brewed; a building or establishment for   

      brewing beer or other malt liquors, esp. the building where the brewing is

      done; an establishment where beer, ale, etc. are brewed 啤酒厂

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