新视野大学英语第四册 unit7A The coming energy
Unit 7
The coming energy crisis 日益逼近的能源危机
Two hundred years ago, the world experienced an energy revolution that launched the Industrial Age. Ever since then, with the rapid increase of population density, the industrialized world's thirst for energy has more than tripled. Petroleum and natural gas are exploited as versatile and high quality energy products. Uranium is also tapped to fuel nuclear reactors and provide atomic energy.
两百年前，全球经历了一场能源革命，由此引发了工业时代的到来。从那时起，随着人口密度的迅速增加，工业国家对于能源的需求成倍成倍增加。石油和天然气被看作是用途多、质量好的能源产品而得到开发，而铀也得以开发，为核反应堆提供燃料并供应原子能源。
Cheap energy is the lifeblood of human society. But there is a dark side to the near monopoly of non-renewable fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas, along with controversial uranium, to supply our growing energy demands. The supply of these fuels is physically limited, and their use threatens our health and environment. Multiple international treaties have been proposed to limit the use of fossil fuels for this very reason. Fears of global warming aside, burning fossil fuels releases chemicals and
particulates that can cause breathing problems, cancer as well as brain and nerve damage. Nuclear energy, once hailed as "too cheap to meter", has never been economically successful when all costs are factored in. Furthermore, public opinion polls show nuclear energy is too closely associated with disasters like the Chernobyl reactor meltdown and the Fukushima explosion, and with the danger that: rebel insurgents could do damage with the toxic waste. Inexpensive and seemingly abundant non-renewable energy from dead plants and extinct animals fueled the 20th century economy, but geologists, climatologists, environmentalists, and many others are warning that the honeymoon may soon be over.
廉价能源是人类社会的命脉。但是，对煤炭、石油、天然气这些不可再生的矿物燃料及有争议的铀进行近乎垄断地使用以满足我们日益增长的对能源的需求的做法有其危险的一面。这些燃料的供应实际上是有限的，并且，使用这些燃料对我们的健康和环境都造成威胁。正因如此，人们制定了众多的国际条约，以限制对矿物燃料的使用。除了造成全球变暖之外，矿物燃料在燃烧过程中还会释放出某些化学物质和微粒，引发呼吸系统疾病、癌症，并造成对大脑和神经的损伤。如果把所有代价都考虑进来的话，曾经被称颂为"便宜到无法计量"的核能从经济效益上来说则从未获得过成功。而且，民意调查显示，核能总被认为与灾难密切相关，例如切尔诺贝利核反应堆熔毁事件及福岛核电站爆炸事件。同时，核能还具有一种危险，就是叛乱分子可能利用其有毒废物制造伤害。死去的植物和动
物所产生的价格低廉且看似充足的非再生能源推动了 20 世纪的经济发展，但地理学家、气候学家、环境学家以及其他许多人都在警告我们：这样美好的时光很快就要结束了。
At some indefinite time in the near future, the last drop of oil, lump of coal or wisp of natural gas will be collected from the earth. The eventual depletion of fossil fuels that hitherto proved so reliable has left us with no choice but to prepare for a new age of energy synthesis. Most certainly, human demand for energy will not decrease or plateau but surge as world population grows to nine billion over the next 50 years. By the year 2020, world energy consumption is projected to show a linear increase of 50 percent.
在不久的将来的某个时候，地球上最后一滴石油、最后一块煤或最后一缕天然气将被开采。迄今为止一直被证明是稳定可靠的矿物燃料终将消失，这让我们别无选择，只能作好准备，迎接新的能源综合利用时代的到来。可以肯定，人类对能源的需求不会趋于减少或保持稳定，而是会随着世界人口在未来 50 年增长到 90 亿而迅速增加。据预测，到 2020 年，全球的能源消耗将直线增长 50%。
How will we meet the sky-rocketing energy demands of the future Until we perfect the technology of cold fusion, we'll have to focus on the development and increased production of energy from renewable energy sources - sun, wind, water, and so on. While renewable energy sources are promising, an international confederation of scientists
and engineers is working feverishly to overcome the various obstacles associated with these "new energy" technologies. The major challenge is to develop efficient and economically workable versions of these technologies.
我们怎样才能满足未来急剧增长的能源需求呢在我们完善冷聚变技术之前，我们只能专注于开发太阳能、风能、水电能之类的可再生能源，并提高其产量。虽然可再生能源前景乐观，一个由科学家和工程师组成的国际联盟却正在积极工作，努力克服与这些"新兴能源"技术相关的各种障碍，其中最大的挑战就是如何使这些技术变得既高效又经济。
Take solar energy for example. It is a good option because there is an unlimited supply of glittering sunlight. Making it work on a large scale, however, is much easier said than done. It would be cost prohibitive to take the intricate gadgets of solar energy from the fringe of "green" society to the mainstream for major world consumption. The solar apparatus itself is ready for many new business and consumer applications, but it is way too expensive to replace the old combustion machinery of gears and motors with new electronic technology of semiconductors and transistors on a global or even a national scale.
以太阳能为例。由于耀眼的太阳光能够提供源源不断的能源，所以它是个不错的选择。但是，大规模地使用太阳能却是说起来容易做起来难。把制造太阳能所需要的复杂零件从"环保"社会的边缘推广到主流社会，使
之成为世界主要的消费性能源，其代价之高让人望而却步。太阳能设备本身已是技术成熟，可以使商业和消费者进行许多新型应用，但是，在全球或者即便是在全国范围内，用新型的半导体和晶体管电子技术取代老式的用齿轮和发动机驱动的燃烧设备，其成本实在太高。
Wind power, which has been used effectively in some places for generations, is also rapidly growing in the energy market. The principle behind it is that wind converts rotary force into electricity by turning the blades of the turbine clockwise or counterclockwise around an axis. Unfortunately,
