库尔德&土耳其

土耳其难民主要是来源于库尔德问题

The refugees of Turkey is mainly comes from Kurdish

土耳其是库尔德人问题最严重的国家，一方面是因为土耳其集中了大部分的库尔德人口，另一方面则与土耳其追求民族纯粹性的国家构建策略有关 。

Turkey is the countries with the most serious problems of Kurdish, on the one hand, Turkey have most of the Kurdish population, on the other hand, and Turkey country construction strategy relevant

1923年10月，土耳其共和国成立，强调民族单一性的“凯末尔主义”成为土耳其国家建设的主要指导思想。

In October 1923, the foundation of the republic of Turkey, emphasizing the national oneness "KaiMoEr socialist" become the construction of national main guiding ideology of Turkey.

在该思想指导下，土耳其政府对库尔德人采取了民族同化政策。

In this guidance, the Turkish government against the kurds to take the national assimilation policy.

首先，在法律上不承认库尔德人的民族属性和民族地位。

First of all, in the law does not recognize the Kurdish national attribute and national status.

其次，对库尔德人采取强制同化的政策。

Second, the kurds adopt to compulsory assimilation policy.

土耳其政府的同化政策引发了库尔德人的强烈反抗，1925年土耳其建国不久就爆发了赛义德起义。

The Turkish government assimilation policy has sparked strong against of the kurds, in 1925 the Turkish broke out the uprising said soon after the founding of.

土耳其政府对这些活动采取了严厉的镇压措施。

The Turkish government taking severe repression measures to these activities.

上世纪60年代之后，库尔德人明确提出独立建国的政治目标，尤其是随着库尔德工人党的成立，土耳其才面临真正意义上的国家整合危机。

After the 1960 s, the Kurdish clearly put an independent country's political goals, especially with the Kurdish workers party the established, Turkey to face the real national integration crisis.

1950年土耳其开启了民主化进程，诞生了第一届民选政府。

In 1950 the Turkish opens the democratization process, was born the first elected government.

通过选举上台的民主党政府放弃了凯末尔时期的高压政策，放松了对政党、言论和宗教等方面的控制。

Through the election of the democratic government gave up on stage KaiMoEr period of high pressure policy, relaxed to the control of political party, speech and religion, and other aspects.

日益宽松的政治环境为库尔德人运动再度兴起提供了前提条件。

Increasingly relaxed political environment for the Kurdish movement rise again provide premise conditions.

其次，当时国际社会蓬勃发展的左翼社会运动激发了库尔德人，尤其是青年知识分子的激进思想意识。

Secondly, when the international community the prosperous development of the left-wing social movement inspired the Kurdish people, especially young intellectuals of radical ideology.

土耳其最大的分离势力库尔德工人党即是在这一背景下成立的，其领导人厄贾兰是典型的左翼激进分子。

Turkey's largest Kurdish PKK forces are separated in the background, established under the EJiaLan leaders is typical of left-wing activists.

库尔德工人党以建立独立的库尔德人国家为目标，主张通过暴力革命的方式实现上述目标。

Kurdish PKK to the establishment of an independent Kurdish state as the goal, stood by violent revolution means to realize these goals.

库尔德工人党成立之初主要从事政治鼓动和宣传活动，但是1982年党代表大会决定采用恐怖手段，打击土耳其政府和亲政府的库尔德人，由此库尔德工人党转变成一个带有恐怖主义性质的政治组织。

The beginning of establishment of Kurdish PKK mainly engaged in political agitated and propaganda activity, but the 1982 convention decided to use terrorist means, blow the Turkish government domestic-market-oriented government kurds, thus Kurdish PKK change into the political organization with terrorism nature.

面对土耳其政府的高压政策，库尔德工人党从1983年到1999年间，与土耳其政府展开了长达15年的军事斗争。

Facing the Turkish government high pressure policy, from 1983 to 1999, Kurdish PKK and the Turkish government to launch of military struggle for 15 years.

在海湾战争期间，库尔德工人党的势力达到顶峰。

In the gulf war, the Kurdish workers party the zenith.

冷战结束之后出现的民族主义浪潮对库尔德人产生了激励效应，同时海湾战争的爆发也给库尔德人游击队提供了更大的回旋空间。

After the end of the cold war in tide of nationalism against the kurds produced incentive effect, at the same time, the gulf war and Kurdish guerrillas to provide more swing space.

他们以伊拉克北部为基地，通过招募伊拉克难民壮大实力，在土耳其南部不断扩大控制范围。

They use the northern Iraq as a base, through the recruiting Iraqi refugees growing strength, in southern Turkey constantly expand control.

美国政府已将土耳其库尔德民族分裂组织“库尔德自由之鹰”定性为危害美国利益的恐怖组织，

The U.S. government has will Turkey Kurdish ethnic separatists "Kurdish freedom eagle" harm the interests of the United States for qualitative terrorist organization,

“库尔德自由之鹰”与土耳其库尔德非法武装组织库尔德工人党相串通，在土耳其南部和伊拉克北部从事分裂国家的种种破坏活动。

"Kurdish freedom eagle and Turkish Kurdish PKK Kurdish illegal armed groups in collusion in southern Turkey and northern Iraq all countries engaged in separatist sabotage.

美国和土耳其双方一致表示将合作打击藏匿在伊拉克边境地区的土耳其分裂势力库尔德工人党武装。

The United States and Turkey both sides agree will cooperate against hiding in the border area a Turkey Iraqi Kurdish PKK separatist forces armed.

近期，叙利亚局势日趋紧张，要求总统阿萨德下台的反政府示威连续发生。

Recently, an increasingly tense situation in Syria, ask President bashar al-assad to step down continuously happen protests against the government.

安全部队与反对派武装示威者多次发生交火，造成百余人死亡

Security forces and armed opposition demonstrators shootout in many times, killing more than people died

叙利亚国内的部分居民不得不离开家园，逃往邻国土耳其。

Some residents of domestic Syria had to leave their homes and fled to neighboring Turkey.

一个半月来，数以千计的叙利亚人为了躲避政府镇压反政府武装冲突的战火，逃到土耳其和叙利亚接壤的南部哈塔伊省。

A month and a half, and thousands of Syrian government crackdown in order to escape the government armed conflict of war, fled to Turkey and Syria in the south of the border, the province tower.

土耳其总理埃尔多安日前表示，土耳其政府对叙利亚局势发展表示担忧。

Prime minister recep tayyip erdogan said yesterday, the Turkish government on Syria expressed concern about nuclear development.

对于叙利亚的难民，土耳其将敞开大门，但政府会在可控范围内接受难民。

The refugees to Syria, Turkey will open its doors, but the government would be manageable accept refugees.

　红新月会已经向叙利亚难民提供了帐篷，但仍有不少家庭不得不露宿。

Red crescent has to Syria refugees provide tents, but there are still many families have to sleeping under the stars.

据联合国难民事务高级官员梅廷·克拉巴提尔介绍，难民以各种方式涌入土耳其，“有人骑摩托车，有人开着小卡车，他们利用了一切可以使用的交通工具，还有些人是步行越过边境的。 ”

According to the United Nations refugee senior officials MeiTing · carats and tyre is introduced, refugees in various way into Turkey, "someone ride a motorcycle, someone open small truck, they use all can use traffic tool, but also some people is to walk across the border."

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