常用数学公式的英语表述

发布时间：2020-07-24 19:04:12 来源：文档文库

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常用的数学英语表述

1.Logic

∃           there exist

∀           for all

p⇒q           p implies q / if p, then q

p⇔q           p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent

2.Sets

x∈A           x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A

x∉A           x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A

A⊂B           A is contained in B / A is a subset of B

A⊃B           A contains B / B is a subset of A

A∩B           A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B

A∪B           A cup B / A join B / A union B

A\B           A minus B / the diference between A and B

A×B           A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B

3. Real numbers

x+1           x plus one

x-1           x minus one

x±1           x plus or minus one

xy           xy / x multiplied by y



(x - y)(x + y)           x minus y, x plus y



x y           x over y

=           the equals sign

x = 5           x equals 5 / x is equal to 5

x≠5           x (is) not equal to 5

x≡y           x is equivalent to (or identical with) y

x ≡ y           x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y

x > y           x is greater than y

x≥y           x is greater than or equal to y

x < y           x is less than y

x≤y           x is less than or equal to y

0 < x < 1           zero is less than x is less than 1

0≤x≤1           zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1

| x |           mod x / modulus x

x 2           x squared / x (raised) to the power 2

x 3           x cubed

x 4           x to the fourth / x to the power four

x n           x to the nth / x to the power n

x −n           x to the (power) minus n

x           (square) root x / the square root of x

x 3           cube root (of) x

x 4           fourth root (of) x

x n           nth root (of) x

( x+y ) 2           x plus y all squared

( x y ) 2           x over y all squared

n!           n factorial

x ^           x hat

x ¯           x bar

x ˜           x tilde

x i           xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i

∑ i=1 n a i           the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i

4. Linear algebra

‖ x ‖           the norm (or modulus) of x

OA →           OA / vector OA

OA ¯           OA / the length of the segment OA

A T           A transpose / the transpose of A

A −1           A inverse / the inverse of A

5. Functions

f( x )           fx / f of x / the function f of x

f:S→T           a function f from S to T

x→y           x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y

f'( x )           f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x

f''( x )           f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x

f'''( x )           triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x

f (4) ( x )           f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x

∂f ∂ x 1           the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1

∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2           the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1

∫ 0 ∞           the integral from zero to infinity

lim⁡ x→0           the limit as x approaches zero

lim⁡ x→ 0 +           the limit as x approaches zero from above

lim⁡ x→ 0 −           the limit as x approaches zero from below

log e y           log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y

ln⁡y           log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y

一般词汇

    数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)

    公理 axiom

    定理 theorem

    计算 calculation

    运算 operation

    证明 prove

    假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)

    命题 proposition

    算术 arithmetic

    加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)

    被加数 augend, summand

    加数 addend

    和 sum

    减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)

    被减数 minuend

    减数 subtrahend

    差 remainder

    乘

times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)

    被乘数 multiplicand, faciend

    乘数 multiplicator

    积 product

    除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)

    被除数 dividend

    除数 divisor

    商 quotient

    等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to

    大于 is greater than

    小于 is lesser than

    大于等于 is equal or greater than

    小于等于 is equal or lesser than

    运算符 operator

    数字 digit

    数 number

    自然数 natural number

    整数 integer

    小数 decimal

    小数点 decimal point

    分数 fraction

    分子 numerator

    分母 denominator

    比 ratio

    正 positive

    负 negative

    零 null, zero, nought, nil

    十进制 decimal system

    二进制 binary system

    十六进制 hexadecimal system

    权 weight, significance

    进位 carry

    截尾 truncation

    四舍五入 round

    下舍入 round down

    上舍入 round up

    有效数字 significant digit

    无效数字 insignificant digit

    代数 algebra

    公式 formula, formulae(pl.)

    单项式 monomial

    多项式 polynomial, multinomial

    系数 coefficient

    未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor

    等式，方程式 equation

    一次方程 simple equation

    二次方程 quadratic equation

    三次方程 cubic equation

    四次方程 quartic equation

    不等式 inequation

    阶乘 factorial

    对数 logarithm

    指数，幂 exponent

    乘方 power

    二次方，平方 square

    三次方，立方 cube

    四次方 the power of four, the fourth power

    n次方 the power of n, the nth power

    开方 evolution, extraction

    二次方根，平方根 square root

    三次方根，立方根 cube root

    四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root

    n次方根 the root of n, the nth root

    集合 aggregate

    元素 element

    空集 void

    子集 subset

    交集 intersection

    并集 union

    补集 complement

    映射 mapping

    函数 function

    定义域 domain, field of definition

    值域 range

    常量 constant

    变量 variable

    单调性 monotonicity

    奇偶性 parity

    周期性 periodicity

    图象 image

    数列，级数 series

    微积分 calculus

    微分 differential

    导数 derivative

    极限 limit

    无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)

    无穷小 infinitesimal

    积分 integral

    定积分 definite integral

    不定积分 indefinite integral

    有理数 rational number

    无理数 irrational number

    实数 real number

    虚数 imaginary number

    复数 complex number

    矩阵 matrix

    行列式 determinant

    几何 geometry

    点 point

    线 line

    面 plane

    体 solid

    线段 segment

    射线 radial

    平行 parallel

    相交 intersect

    角 angle

    角度 degree

    弧度 radian

    锐角 acute angle

    直角 right angle

    钝角 obtuse angle

    平角 straight angle

    周角 perigon

    底 base

    边 side

    高 height

    三角形 triangle

    锐角三角形 acute triangle

    直角三角形 right triangle

    直角边 leg

    斜边 hypotenuse

    勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem

    钝角三角形 obtuse triangle

    不等边三角形 scalene triangle

    等腰三角形 isosceles triangle

    等边三角形 equilateral triangle

    四边形 quadrilateral

    平行四边形 parallelogram

    矩形 rectangle

    长 length

    宽 width

附：

在一个分数里，分子或分母或两者均含有分数。也叫compound fraction.

具体读法没有统一。一般是先读分子部分，再读分母部分，中间加上divided by

例如：

One minus four fifth plus one third divided by two times two third plus one second

为表达清楚，往往在数字前面加上分子和分母，例如：

Numerator one minus four fifth plus one third divided by denominator two times two third plus one second

分子1减5分之4加3分之1除以分母2乘以3分之2加2分之1