新冠疫情高频词汇
一、病毒相关 Virus
新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus
肺炎 pneumonia
新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎：pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus / novel coronavirus-caused pneumonia
病原体 pathogen
中间宿主 intermediate host
传染源 source of infection
二代病例 secondary infection case * 二代病例：指被一代病例感染的本土病人
隐性感染 asymptomatic infection 隐性感染：指感染了病毒，但无明显症状的病例
潜伏期 incubation /ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn/ period
二、传播相关Spread
传播途径 route of transmission
飞沫传播 droplet transmission
气溶胶传播 aerosol transmission
接触传播 contact transmission
垂直传播 vertical transmission
人传人 human-to-human transmission
易感人群 susceptible population
密切接触者：close contact
潜伏期 incubation, latent period
粪口传播fecal-oral transmission
疫情 epidemic, outbreak
散发 sporadic case
爆发 outbreak
流行 prevalence
传染 contagion
大流行 pandemic
疫区 affected area
输入性病例 imported case 输入性病例：指来自疫情流行区的病例，也称一代病例
三、病例相关 Case
感染病例 case of infection
疑似病例 suspected case
无症状病例 asymptomatic case
重症病例 severe case
确诊病例 confirmed case
新增病例数 number of new cases
累计病例数 cumulative number of cases
死亡病例数 number of deaths
治愈病例 cured case
病死率 fatality rate
基本再生率 basic reproduction rate
四、症状相关Symptom
咳嗽 to cough
打喷嚏 to sneeze
痰 sputum
吐痰 to spit
吸入 to inhale
呼出 to exhale
污染 contamination
症状 symptom
发热 fever
头痛 headache
乏力 fatigue
干咳 dry cough
鼻塞 stuffy nose
流涕 runny nose
咽痛 sore throat
腹泻 diarrhea
呼吸困难 difficulty in breathing
生物学相关 Biology
呼吸系统 respiratory system
呼吸道 respiratory tract
鼻腔 nasal cavity
口腔 oral cavity
咽 pharynx
喉 larynx
气管 trachea
支气管 bronchi
肺 lung
黏膜 mucosa
肺叶 lobe
发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难：fever, cough and difficulty in breathing
急性呼吸道感染病状：acute /əˈkjuːt / respiratory / rəˈspɪrətri / infection symptom
五、防护设备Equipment
医疗物资：medical supplies
隔离 quarantine
口罩 mask
医用外科口罩 surgical mask
防护服 protective clothing
护目镜 eye shields, goggles
鞋套 shoe covers
手套 gloves
一次性 disposable
穿戴 to wear
祛除 to remove
消毒 disinfection
消毒剂 disinfectant
含氯消毒液 chlorinated disinfectant
酒精 alcohol
喷洒 to spray
洗手液 hand sanitizer, liquid soap
一次性手套：disposable gloves
六、医疗相关 medicine
临床试验 clinical trial
核酸检测 nucleic acid testing
试剂盒 testing kit
疫苗 vaccine
红外体温测量仪 infrared thermometer
体温检测热像仪 thermal imaging camera for temperature monitoring
感染者 infected person
护理者 caregiver
接受医学观察：be under medical observation
紧急救治emergency treatment
外科处置surgical treatment
临床检验clinical tests
隔离病房isolation ward
观察室observation ward
盐水saline
防疫prevention and control of the virus
七、机构相关Institution
世界卫生组织 WHO=World Health Organization
卫健委 Health Commission
国际关注的公共卫生突发事件 PHEIC=Public Health Emergency of International Concern
国家卫生健康委员会 National Health Commission (NHC)
美国疾病控制与预防中心 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention（CDC）
应急医院 makeshift hospital
重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应：first-level public health emergency response
定点医院 designated hospitals
发热门诊 fever clinic
重症监护病房 intensive care unit (ICU)
检疫所 quarantine office
药店 pharmacy; drugstore
八、防疫相关Prevention
疫情防控：epidemic prevention and control
遏制疫情蔓延 to contain the outbreak
封城 A city is on lockdown./A city goes into lockdown.
延迟开学 to postpone the reopening of schools
延长春节假期 to extend the Chinese New Year holiday
（公共场所）消毒、通风以及体温检测disinfection, ventilation and body temperature monitoring (in public areas)
取消大型集会 to cancel mass gatherings
减少外出 to make fewer trips outside
控制人口流动 to curb population flow
两周观察期 two-week observation period
新冠肺炎话题预测与回答示例
类型一：普遍类
1. What impact does new coronary pneumonia have on China and the world? What are the positive and negative effects?
2. What impact does new coronary pneumonia have on your hometown?
3. What impact has new coronary pneumonia had on you? What did you do during the outbreak?
4. What national initiatives have effectively prevented the spread and deterioration of the epidemic? What do you think?
and many more.
类型二：专业观点类
if your major is psychology, you may be asked how to properly adjust emotions during the epidemic. Another example is that your major is economics, then you may be asked how much impact the epidemic has on the economy? What measures can promote economic recovery?
示例1：
T：What do you think of the Western countries' response to the new coronavirus?
S：The western countries did not pay enough attention to the novel coronavirus in the early days of the outbreak. They did little to prevent the spread of the virus. People were still holding rallies and taking parades. Sports events and concerts were held as scheduled. Large crowds of people raised the risk of cross-infection and the number of confirmed cases increased exponentially. Western countries are very passive in dealing with the new coronavirus, which is not only irresponsible to their own people but also irresponsible to the people of the world. Our country faces severe risk of imported cases. I hope that China can shoulder its international responsibilities, cooperating with other countries to guide their epidemic prevention works and restore order to the world.
示例2：
T：What do you think of our country's response to the new coronavirus?
S：Wuhan was on lockdown after the outbreak of the novel coronavirus. A few days later, many provinces released first-level public health emergency response successively. The government has imposed strict quarantine measures, banned gatherings and closed museums, amusement parks, and other public entertainment venues…. （描述这些举措带来目前的积极效果，并表示赞同）
示例3：
T: What did you do during the outbreak of the new coronavirus？
S: The new coronavirus brought the society into a standstill. The government had to extend the Spring Festival holiday. During the outbreak, I strictly complied with the requirements of the government to keep home quarantine. I prepared for the interview seriously, believing that I …(展现个体抗疫中积极的一面，自由发挥)
示例4：
T：What do you think of this epidemics？
S：Pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus is a serious global public health event. The new coronavirus is highly infectious and has a high case fatality rate. It can be spread by droplet transmission and fecal-oral transmission…. (现状+倡议+积极态度)
示例5：
T: The pneumonia epidemic raged, and masks became tight-selling goods. Some pharmacies were punished for the price increase of masks, but some people think that price increases are the law of the market and should not interfere with the market price of masks. What do you think of it?
S: I support the government's price limit! I am not ignorant of the basic principles of supply and demand, but in the short term, especially in the current special period，the government's price-limiting behavior is not a disregard of market laws, but a scientific response to the failure of market laws.
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