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英文介绍中国文化

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英文介绍中国文化
英文介绍中国文化
TheCultureofChinaDragonForbiddenCityGreatWallShaolinTempleChopsticksSpringFestivalQingmingFestivalDuanwuFestivalMid-AutumnFestivalMid-英文介绍中国文化
dragonChinesedragonsarelegendarycreaturesinChinesemythologyandfolklore.InChineseart,dragonsaretypicallyportrayedaslong,scaled,serpentinecreatureswithfourlegs.Inyinandyangterminology(术语,adragonisyangandcomplementsayinfenghuang“Chinesephoenix(长生鸟".InChinesedailylanguage,excellentandoutstandingpeoplearecomparedtothedragonwhileincapablepeoplewithnoachievementsarecomparedwithother,disesteemedcreatures,suchastheworm.AnumberofChineseproverbsandidiomsfeaturereferencestothedragon,forexample:“Hopingone‘ssonwillbecomeadragon”(望子成龙.ManyChinesepeopleoftenusetheterm“DescendantsoftheDragon”(龙的传人asasignofethnicidentity,aspartofatrendstartedinthe1970swhendifferentAsiannationalitieswerelookingforanimalsymbolsforrepresentations.ThewolfwasusedamongtheMongols(蒙古,themonkeyamongTibetans(西藏.英文介绍中国文化
FenghuangFenghuangaremythologicalbirdsofEastAsiathatreignoverallotherbirds.ThemalesarecalledFengandthefemalesHuang.Inmoderntimes,however,suchadistinctionofgenderisoftennolongermadeandtheFengandHuangareblurredintoasinglefeminineentitysothatthebirdcanbepairedwiththeChinesedragon,

whichhasmaleconnotations.InancientandmodernChineseculture,theycanoftenbefoundinthedecorationsforweddingsorroyalty,alongwithdragons.ThisisbecausetheChineseconsideredthedragonandphoenixsymbolicofblissful(极幸福的relationsbetweenhusbandandwife,anothercommonyinandyangmetaphor.“DragonandPhoenixinfants”(龙凤胎isanexpressionmeaningasetofmaleandfemalefraternaltwins(异卵双生.英文介绍中国文化
ForbiddenCityTheForbiddenCitywastheChineseimperialpalacefromtheMingDynastytotheendoftheQingDynasty.ItislocatedinthemiddleofBeijing,China,andnowhousesthePalaceMuseum.Foralmostfivehundredyears,itservedasthehomeofemperorsandtheirhouseholds,aswellastheceremonialandpoliticalcenterofChinesegovernment.ThepalacecomplexexemplifiestraditionalChinesepalatialarchitecture,andhasinfluencedculturalandarchitecturaldevelopmentsinEastAsiaandelsewhere.TheForbiddenCitywasdeclaredaWorldHeritageSitein1987,andislistedbyUNESCO(联合国科教文组织asthelargestcollectionofpreservedancientwoodenstructuresintheworld.英文介绍中国文化
GreatWallTheGreatWallofChinaisaseriesofstoneandearthenfortificationsinnorthernChina,builtoriginallytoprotectthenorthernbordersoftheChineseEmpireagainstintrusionsbyva
riousnomadicgroups.Severalwallshavebeenbuiltsincethe5thcenturyBCthatarereferredtocollectivelyastheGreatWall,whichhasbeenrebuiltandmaintainedfromthe5thcenturyBCthroughthe16thcentury.Oneofthemostfamousisthewallbuiltbetween220C206BCbythefirstEmperorofChina,QinShiHuang.Littleofthatwallremains;themajorityoftheexistingwallwasbuiltduringtheMing

Dynasty.
英文介绍中国文化
ChineseClassicalGardenTheChineseClassicalGardenisaplaceforsolitaryorsocialcontemplationofnature.Chinesegardenswerecreatedinthesamewayasacombinationoflandscapeandpaintingstogetherwithpoems-thiswastheso-called“poeticgarden.”ThedesignofChinesegardenswastoprovideaspiritualutopia(乌托邦foronetoconnectwithnature,tocomebacktoone‘sinnerheart,tocomebacktoancientidealism.Chinesegardensareaspiritualshelterforpeople,aplacetheycouldbefarawayfromtheirrealsociallives,andclosetotheancientwayoflife,theirtrueselves,andnature.ThiswasanescapefromthefrustrationanddisappointmentofthepoliticalproblemsinChina.Theyusedplantsassymbols.Bamboo(竹子wasusedineverytraditionalChinesegarden.Thisisbecausebamboorepresentsastrongbutresilient(达观的character.Oftenpine(松树isusedtorepresentlongevity(长寿,persistence,tenacity(坚韧anddignity(庄严.Thelotus(莲花isusedtosymbolizepurity.Floweringpeaches(碧桃花aregrownforspringcolor,andsweetolive(橄榄aswell.Thechrysanthemum(菊花isusedtosymbolizesplendor,luster(光彩and"thecouragetomakesacrificesforanaturallife".Peonies(牡丹symbolizewealthandbananatreesareusedsimplyforthesoundtheymakeinthebreeze.英文介绍中国文化
ChinesefolkloreChinesefolkloreincludessongs,dances,puppetry(木偶戏,andtales.Itoftentellsstoriesofhumannature,historicalorlegendaryevents,love,andthesupernatural,orstoriesexplainingnaturalphenomenaanddistinctivelandmarks.ThemaininfluencesonChinesefolktaleshavebeenTaoism(道教,Confucianism(儒教andBuddhism(佛教.Well-knownChinesefolk

talesinclude:ThestoryofQiXi(七夕,alsoknownastheStoryoftheMagpieBridge(鹊桥ortheStoryofCowherd(牛郎andtheWeavingMaid(织女,whichtellshowthestarsAltair(牵牛星andVega(织女星cametotheirplacesinthesky.ThestoryofHuaMulan(花木兰,thefemalewarriorwhodisguisedherselfasaman.ThestoryofChang'e(嫦娥,thegoddessofthemoon.ThestoryoftheMagicPaintbrush(神笔马良.ThestoryofMengJiangnü(孟姜女,thewomanwhosoughtherhusbandattheGreatWall.ThestoryofSunWukong(孙悟空,theMonkeyKing-fromthepopularnovelJourneytotheWest(《西游记》.英文介绍中国文化
StudyofChineseFolkloreinChinaTheBookofSongs(诗经,theearliestknownChinesecollectionof
poetry,contains160folksongsinadditiontocourtlysongsandhymns.OnetraditionholdsthatConfucius(孔子himselfcollectedthesesongs,whileanothersaysthatanemperorcompiledthemasameanstogaugethemoodofthepeopleandtheeffectivenessofhisrule.ItisbelievedthatConfuciusdidencouragehisfollowerstostudythesongscontainedintheShiJing,helpingtosecuretheShiJing’splaceamongtheFiveClassics(五经.AfterConfucianideasbecamefurtherentrenched(确立inChineseculture,Confucius’endorsementledmanyscholarstostudythelyricsoftheShiJingandinterpretthemaspoliticalallegoriesandcommentaries.英文介绍中国文化
ShaolinTempleTheShaolinMonasteryorShaolinTempleisaChánBuddhisttempleatSongShannearZhengzhouCityHenanProvinceinDengfeng,China.ItisledbyVenerableabbotShiYǒngxìnandmartialabbotShiDeLi.Foundedinthe5thcentury,themonasteryislongfamousforitsassociationwithChinesemartialarts(武术and

particularlywithShaolinKungFu.TheShaolinMonasteryanditsfamedPagodaForestwereinscribedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2010aspartofthe"HistoricMonumentsofDengfeng."英文介绍中国文化
KungFuChinaisoneofthemainbirthplacesofEasternmartialarts.ThenamesofmartialartswerecalledKungFuoritsfirstnameWushu.Chinaalsoincludesthehometothewell-respectedShaolinMonasteryandWudangMountains.Thefirstgenerationofartstartedmoreforthepurposeofsurvivalandwarfarethanart.Overtime,someartformshavebranchedoff,whileothershaveretainedadistinctChineseflavor.Regardless,ChinahasproducedsomeofthemostrenownedmartialartistsincludingWongFeiHung(黄飞鸿,BruceLee(李小龙andmanyothers.英文介绍中国文化
NumbersinChinesecultureInChineseculture,certainnumbersarebelievedbysometobeauspicious(吉利orinauspicious(不利basedontheChinesewordthatthenumbernamesoundssimilarto.HoweversomeChinesepeopleregardthesebeliefstobesuperstitions.SincethepronunciationandthevocabularymaybedifferentindifferentChinesedialects,therulesaregenerallynotapplicableforallcases.Becauseofthesupposedauspiciousnessofcertainnumbers,somepeoplewilloftenchoose,attempttoobtain,orpaylargesumsfornumbersthatareconsideredtobeluckyfortheirphonenumbers,streetaddresses,residencefloor,driver'slicensenumber,vehiclelicenseplatenumber,bankaccountnumber,etc.LuckynumbersarebasedonChinesewordsthatsoundsimilartootherChinesewords.Thenumbers6,8,and9arebelievedtohaveauspiciousmeaningsbecausetheirnamessoundsimilartowordsthathavepositivemeanings.

英文介绍中国文化
tablemannersChinesetablemannersarethetraditionalstylesthatareusedforeatingintheregionofChina.InmostdishesinChinesecuisine(烹饪,foodiscookedinbite-sizedpiecesandeasytograbandeat.Therefor
e,chopsticksareusedatthetableinsteadofforksandknives.EatingisadominantaspectoftheChineseculture.InChina,eatingoutisoneofthemostacceptedwaystotreatguests.SimilartoWesternersdrinkinginabarwithfriends,eatingtogetherinChinaisawaytosocializeanddeepenfriendship.TherearemanytraditionsthatgoverntablemannersinChinasuchasthecorrecttreatmentofguestsandhowtousechopstickscorrectly.AlthougheachChinesehouseholdhasitsownsetoftablemannersandrules,thefoundationaltraditionsusedtowelcomeguestsarethesame.英文介绍中国文化
ChopsticksChopsticksaresmalltaperedsticksusedinpairsofequallengthasthetraditionaleatingutensils(用具ofChina.GenerallybelievedtohaveoriginatedinancientChina,theycanalsobefoundinsomeareasofTibetandNepalthatareclosetoHanChinesepopulations.Chopsticksaremostcommonlymadeofbambooorplastic,butarealsomadeofmetal,bone,ivory,andvarioustypesofwood.Thepairofsticksismaneuveredinonehand,betweenthethumbandfingers,andusedtopickuppiecesoffood.英文介绍中国文化
cuisineTheoverwhelminglylargevarietyofChinesecuisinecomesmainlyfromthepracticeofdynasticperiodemperorshostingbanquets(宴会with100dishespermeal.Acountlessnumberofimperialkitchenstaffandconcubineswereinvolvedinthefoodpreparationprocess.Overtime,manydishesbecamepartofthe

everydaycitizenculture.SomeofthehighestqualityrestaurantswithrecipesclosetothedynasticperiodsincludeFangshanrestaurantinBeihaiParkBeijingandtheOriolePavilion.ArguablyallbranchesofHongKongeasternstyleorevenAmericanChinesefoodareinsomewaysrootedfromtheoriginaldynasticcuisines.英文介绍中国文化
LeisureAnumberofgamesandpastimesarepopularwithinChineseculture.ThemostcommongameisMahJong.ThesamepiecesareusedforotherstyledgamessuchasShanghaiSolitaire.OthersincludePaiGow(牌九.WeiqiandXiangqiarealsopopular.EthnicgameslikeChineseyoyo(溜溜球arealsopartoftheculture.英文介绍中国文化
architectureChinesearchitecture,examplesofwhichcanbefoundfromover2,000yearsago,haslongbeenahallmarkoftheculture.TherearecertainfeaturescommontoChinesearchitecture,regardlessofspecificregionoruse.Themostimportantisitsemphasisonwidth,asthewidehallsoftheForbiddenCity(故宫serveasanexample.Anotherimportantfeatureissymmetry,whichconnotesasenseofgrandeurasitappliestoeverythingfrompalacestofarmhouses.Onenotableexceptionisinthedesignofgardens,whichtendstobeasasymmetricalaspossible.LikeChinesescrollpaintings,theprincipleunderlyingthegarden'scompositionistocreateenduringflow,toletthepatronwanderandenjoythegardenwithoutprescription,asinnatureherself.Fengshuihasplayedanimportantpartinstructuraldevelopment.英文介绍中国文化
musicMoLiHua,whichmeans‘Jasmine
Flowers’,isapopularChinesefolksong.ItwascreatedduringtheQianlongEmperorperiodoftheQingDynasty.Therearetwoversions

ofthesong,themorewellknownonefromtheJiangsuProvince,andtheotherfromZhejiangProvince.Theyhavedifferentlyricsandaslightlydifferentmelody(曲调.ThemelodyhasbecomewellknownamongWesternlistenersasitwasincludedbyGiacomoPucciniinhisoperaTurandot(图兰朵,whereitisassociatedwith'Turandot'ssplendor'.ThissongwassungbyayoungChinesegirlandbroadcasttotheworld,attheclosingceremoniesofthe2004SummerOlympicsinAthens,Greece,tointroducethenextOlympicGamessite,accompaniedbythemusicbyPekingUniversitystudents.Atthe2008BeijingOlympicGames,thismusicwasusedinallawardingceremonies.
英文介绍中国文化
SpringFestivalisthemostimportantofthetraditionalChineseholidays.Itisofteninaccuratelycalled“LunarNewYear”,because-aspartofthelunisolarChinesecalendar(农历-thedateispartiallydeterminedbasedonlunarphase.ThefestivaltraditionallybeginsonthefirstdayofthefirstmonthintheChinesecalendarandendswithLanternFestivalwhichisonthe15thday.ChineseNewYear‘sEve,adaywhereChinesefamiliesgatherfortheirannualreuniondinner,isknownaschúxī(除夕.Itliterallymeans“Year-passEve”.Redenvelopesorredpackets(红包Fireworks(烟花Firecrackerban(鞭炮SpringFestival
英文介绍中国文化
Accordingtotalesandlegends,thebeginningofChineseNewYearstartedwiththefightagainstamythicalbeastcalledtheNien(年.NienwouldcomeonthefirstdayofNewYeartodevourlivestock,crops,andevenvillagers,especiallychildren.Toprotectthemselves,thevillagerswouldputfoodinfrontoftheirdoorsatthebeginningofeveryyear.ItwasbelievedthataftertheNienatethefoodthey

prepared,itwouldn’tattackanymorepeople.Onetime,peoplesawthattheNienwasscaredawaybyalittlechildwearingred.ThevillagersthenunderstoodthattheNienwasafraidofthecolourred.Hence,everytimewhentheNewYearwasabouttocome,thevillagerswouldhangredlanternsandredspringscrollsonwindowsanddoors.PeoplealsousedfirecrackerstofrightenawaytheNien.Fromthenon,Niennevercametothevillageagain.TheNienwaseventuallycapturedbyHongjunLaozu,anancientTaoistmonk.TheNienbecameHongjunLaozu'smount.

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