介绍北京的英语导游词

介绍北京的英语导游词

篇一：北京六大景点英文导游词

FoRBiddEnciTY(紫禁城)

(infrontofthemeridiangate)

LadiesandGentlemen:

iampleasedtoserveasyourguidetoday.

Thisisthepalacemuseum;alsoknowasthePurpleForbiddencity.itisthelargestandmostwellreservedimperialresidenceinchinatoday.UndermingEmperorYongle,constructionbeganin1406.ittook14yearstobuildtheForbiddencity.ThefirstrulerwhoactuallylivedherewasmingEmperorzhudi.Forfivecenturiesthereafter,itcontinuedtobetheresidenceof23successiveemperorsuntil1911whenQingEmperorPuyiwasforcedtoabdicatethethrone.in1987,theUnitednationsEducational,ScientificandculturalorganizationrecognizedtheForbiddencitywasaworldculturallegacy.

itisbelievedthatthePalacemuseum,orziJincheng(PurpleForbiddencity),gotitsnamefromastronomyfolklore,TheancientastronomersdividedtheconstellationsintogroupsandcenteredthemaroundtheziweiYuan(northStar).TheconstellationcontainingthenorthStarwascalledtheconstellationofHeavenlyGodandstaritselfwascalledthepurplepalace.Becausetheemperorwassupposedlythesonoftheheavenlygods,hiscentralanddominantpositionwouldbefurtherhighlightedtheuseofthewordpurpleinthenameofhisresidence.infolklore,theterm―aneasternpurplecloudisdrifting‖becameametaphorforauspiciouseventsafterapurplecloudwasseendriftingeastwardimmediatelybeforethearrivalofanancientphilosopher,Laozi,totheHanghuPass.Here,purpleisassociatedwithauspiciousdevelopments.Thewordjin(forbidden)isself-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-limitstoordinarypeople.

Theredandyellowusedonthepalacewallsandroofsarealsosymbolic.Redrepresentshappiness,goodfortuneandwealth.YellowisthecoloroftheearthontheLoessPlateau,theoriginalhomeofthechinesepeople.YellowbecameanimperialcolorduringtheTangdynasty,whenonlymembersoftheroyalfamilywereallowedtowearitanduseitintheirarchitecture.

TheForbiddencityisrectangularinshape.itis960meterslongfromnorthtosouthand750meterwidefromeastwest.ithas9,900roomsunderatotalroofarea150,000squaremeters.a52-meter-wide-moatencirclesa9.9-meter—highwallwhichenclosesthecomplex.octagon—shapedturretsrestonthefourcornersofthewall.Therearefourentrancesintothecity:themeridianGatetothesouth,theShenwuGate(GateofmilitaryProwess)tothenorth,andtheXihuaGate(GateofmilitaryProwess)tothenorth,andtheXihuaGate(westernFloweryGate)tothewest,thedonghua(EasternFloweryGate)totheeast.

manpowerandmaterialsthroughoutthecountrywereusedtobuildtheForbiddencity.atotalof230,000artisansandonemillionlaborerswereemployed.marblewasquarriedfromfangshancountrymountPaninJixiancountyinHebeiProvince.GranitewasquarriedinQuyang

countyinHebeiProvince.PavingblockswerefiredinkilnsinSuzhouinsouthernchina.BricksandscarletpigmentationusedonthepalatialwallscamefromlinqinginShandongProvince.Timberwascut,processedandhauledfromthenorthwesternandsouthernregions.

ThestructureinfrontofusisthemeridianGate.itisthemainentrancetotheforbiddencity.itisalsoknowsaswufenglou(Five-PhoenixTower).mingemperorsheldlavishbanquetshereonthe15thdayofthefirstmonthofthechineselunaryearinhonoroftheircounties.Theyalsousedthisplaceforpunishingofficialsbyfloggingthemwithsticks.

Qingemperorsusedthisbuildingtoannouncethebeginningofthenewyear.QingEmperorQianlongchangedtheoriginalnameofthisannouncementceremonyfrombanli(announcementofcalendar)tobanshou(announcementofnewmoon)toavoidcoincidentalassociationwithanotherEmperor'sname,Hongli,whichwasconsideredatabooatthattime.Qingdynastyemperorsalsousedthisplacetoholdaudienceandforotherimportantceremonies.Forexample,whentheimperialarmyreturnedvictoriouslyfromthebattlefield,itwasherethattheEmperorpresidedovertheceremonytoacceptprisonersofwar.

(afterenteringthemeridianGateandstandinginfrontoftheFivemarbleBridgesonGoldenwaterRiver)

nowweareinsidetheForbiddencity.Beforewestartourtour,iwouldliketobrieflyintroduceyoutothearchitecturalpatternsbeforeus.Tocompletethissolemn,magnificentandpalatialcomplex,avarietyofbuildingswerearrangedonanorth-southaxis,and8-kilometer-longinvisiblelinethathasbecomeaninseparablepartofthecityofBeijing.TheForbiddencitycoversroughlyone–thirdofthiscentralaxis.mostoftheimportantbuildingsintheForbiddencitywerearrangedalongthisline.Thedesignandarrangementofthepalacesreflectthesolemndignityoftheroyalcourtandrigidly–stratifiedfeudalsystem.

TheForbiddencityisdividedintoanouterandaninnercount.wearenowstandingonthesouthernmostpartoftheoutercount.infrontofusliestheGateofsupremeHarmony.Thegateisguardedbyapairofbronzelions,symbolizingimperialpoweranddignity.Thelionswerethemostexquisiteandbiggestofitskind.Theoneontheeastplayingwithaballisamale,andballissaidtorepresentstateunity.Theotheroneisafemale.Underneathoneofitsforeclawsisacubthatisconsideredtobeasymbolofperpetualimperialsuccession.ThewindingbrookbeforeusistheGoldenwaterRiver.itfunctionsbothasdecorationandfirecontrol.Thefivebridgesspanningtheriverrepresentthefivevirtuespreachedbyconfucius:benevolence,righteousness,rites,intelligenceandfidelity.Therivertakestheshapeofabowandthenorth-southaxisisitsarrow.ThiswasmeanttoshowthattheEmperorsruledthecountryonbehalfofGod.

(infrontoftheGateofSupremeHarmony)

TheForbiddencityconsistsofanoutercourtyardandaninnerenclosure.TheoutcountyardcoversavastspacelyingbetweenthemeridianGateandtheGateofHeavenlyPurity.The―threebighalls‖ofSupremeHarmony,completeHarmonyandPreservingHarmonyconstitutethecenterofthisbuildinggroup.Flankingtheminbilateralsymmetryaretwogroupsofpalaces:

wenhua(ProminentScholars)andwuying(Bravewarriors).Thethreegreathallsarebuiltonaspacious―H‖-shaped,8-meter-high,triplemarbleterrace,Eachlevelofthetripleterraceistallerthantheonbelowandallareencircledbymarblebalustradescarvedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.Therearethreecarvedstonestaircaseslinkingthethreearchitectures.ThehallofsupremeHarmonyisalsothetallestandmostexquisiteancientwooden-structuredmansioninallofchina.FromthepalaceofHeavenlyPuritynorthwardiswhatisknownastheinnercourt,whichisalsobuiltinbilaterallysymmetricalpatterns.inthecenterarethePalaceofHeavenlyPurity,theHallofUnionandPeaceandPalaceofEarthlyTranquility,aplacewheretheEmperorslivedwiththeirfamiliesandattendedtostateaffairs.Flankingthesestructuresarepalacesandhallsinwhichconcubinesandprinceslived.Therearealsothreebotanicalgardenswithintheinnercount,namely,theimperialGarden,caninggardenandQuailinggarden.aninnerGoldenwaterRiverflowseastwardlywithintheinnercourt.ThebrookwindsthroughthreeminorhallsorpalacesandleadsoutoftheForbiddencity.itisspannedbythewhiteJadeBridge.Theriverislinedwithwinding,marble–carvedbalustrades.mostofthestructureswithintheForbiddencityhaveyellowglazedtileroofs.

asidefromgivingprominencetothenorth-southaxis,otherarchitecturalmethodswereappliedtomakeeverygroupofpalatialstructuresuniqueintermsofterraces,roofs,mythicalmonstersperchingontheroofsandcolored,drawingpatterns.withthese,thegrandcontouranddifferenthierarchicspectrumofthecomplexwerestrengthened.Folklorehasitthattherearealtogether9,999room-unitsintheForbiddencity.SinceParadiseonlyhas10,000rooms,theSonofHeavenonearthcutthenumberbyhalfaroom.itisalsorumouredthatthishalf–roomislocatedtothewestofthewenyuangePavilion(imperiallibrary).asamatteroffact,althoughtheForbiddencityhasmorethan9,000room-units,thishalf-roomisnonexistent.ThewenyuangePavilionisalibrarywhere―SiKuQuanShu‖-china'sfirstcomprehensiveanthology-wasstored.

(afterwalkingpasttheGateofSupremeHarmony)

LadiesandGentlemen,thegreathallweareapproachingistheHallofSupremeHarmony,thebiggestandtallestofitskingintheForbiddencity.Thisstructurecoversatotalbuildingspaceof2,377squaremeters,andisknowforitsupturned,multiplecounterparteaves.TheHallofSupremeHarmonysitsonatriple―H‖-shapedmarbleterraceis8metershighandlinkedbystaircases.Thestaircaseonthegroundfloorhas21stepswhilethemiddleandupperstairwayseachhave9.

TheconstructionoftheHallofSupremeHarmonybeganin1406.itburneddownthreetimesandwasseverelydamagedonceduringamutiny.TheexistingarchitecturewasbuiltduringtheQingdynasty.onthecornersoftheeavesalineofanimal-nailswereusuallyfastenedtothetiles.Theseanimal-nailswerelaterreplacewithmythicalanimalstowardoffevilspirits.Therearealtogether9suchfastenersontopofthishall.Thenumberninewasregardedbytheancientstobethelargestnumeralaccessibletomanandtowhichonlytheemperorswereentitled.

Therewasatotalof24successiveemperorsduringthemingandQingdynastieswhowereenthronedhere.Theballwasalsousedforceremonieswhichmarkedothergreatoccasions:thewinterSolstice,ThechineseLunarnewYear,theEmperor'sbirthday,conferralofthetitleof

empress,theannouncementofnewlawsandpolicies,anddispatchesofgeneralstowar.onsuchoccasions,theEmperorwouldholdaudienceforhiscourtofficialsandreceivetheirtributes.

ThisareaiscalledtheHallofSupremeHarmonySquare,whichcoversatotalof30,000squaremeters,withoutasingletreeorplantgrowinghere,thisplaceinspiresvisitorstofeelitssolemnityandgrandeur.inthemiddleofthesquarethereisacarriagewaythatwasreservedfortheEmperor.onbothsidesoftheroadthegroundbrickswerelaidinaspecialwaysevenlayerslengthwiseandeightlayerscrosswise,makingupfifteenlayersinall.Thepurposeofthiswastopreventanyonefromtunnelinghiswayintothepalace.inthecountyardthereareironvatsforstoringwatertofightfires.inthewholecomplextherearealtogether308watervats.inwintertime,charcoalwasburnedunderneaththevatstokeepthewaterfromfreezing.whysovastasquare?itwasdesignedtoimpresspeoplewiththehall'sgrandeurandvastness.imaginethefollowingscene.Undertheclearbluesky,theyellowglazedtilesshimmeredasthecloud-likelayersofterrace,coupledwiththecurlingveilofburningincense,transformedthehallofsupremeHarmonyintoafairyland.whenevermajorceremonieswereheld,theglazed,crane-shapedcandleholdersinsidethehallwouldbeit,andincenseandpinebranchesburntinfrontofthehall.whentheEmperorappeared,drumswerebeatenandmusicalinstrumentplayed.civilianofficialsandgeneralswouldkneelknowinsubmission.

ThelastQingemperorPuyiassumedthethronein1908,attheageofthree,Hisfathercarriedhimtothethrone.atthestartofthecoronation,thesuddendrum-beatingandloudmusiccaughttheyoungemperorunprepared.Hewassoscaredthathekeptcryingandshouting,―idon'twanttostayhere.iwanttogohome.‖Hisfathertriedtosoothehim,saying,―it'llallsoonbefinished.it'llallsoonbefinished‖Theministerspresentattheeventconsideredthisincidentinauspicious.coincidentally,theQingdynastycollapsedthreeyearslaterandtherewithconcludedchina’sfeudalsystemthathadlastedformorethan2,000years.

(onthestoneterraceoftheHallofSupremeHarmony)

Thisisabronzeincenseburner.initincensemadeofsandalwoodwouldbeburntonimportantoccasions.Therearealtogether18incenseburners,representingalloftheprovincesundertheruleoftheSingmonarchs.oneithersideoftheHall,4bronzewater-filledvatswereplacedincaseoffire.nexttotheterraceoneitherside,thereisabronzecraneandtortoise,symbolsoflongevity.Thiscopper-castgrainmeasureiscalled―jialiang.‖itservedasthenationalstandardduringtheQingdynasty.itwasmeanttoshowthattheimperialrulerwerejustandopentorectification.ontheothersidethereisastonesundial,anancienttimepiece.ThejialiangandthesundialwereprobablymeanttoshowwhattheEmperorrepresented:thathewastheonlypersonwhoshouldpossessthestandardsofbothmeasureandtime.

intheveryforefrontoftheHallofSupremeHarmony,thereare12scarlet,roundpillarssupportingtheroof.Thehallis63metersfromeasttowestand37metersfromnorthtosouth.itis35metersinheight.infrontofthisarchitecture,therestandsatripleterracewithfivestaircasesleadinguptothemainentrance.ithas40golddoorsand16gold-keywindowswithcoloreddrawingsonthepillarsandbeams.inthemiddleofthehall,athronecarvedwith9dragonssitson

a2-meter-highplatform.Behindthethronethereisagoldenscreenandinfrontofit,thereisanimperialdesk.Theflanksaredecora

tedwithelephants,Luduan(alegendarybeast),cranes,andincensebarrels.Theelephantcarriesavaseonitsbackthatholdsfivecereals(i.e.rice,twokindsofmillet,wheatandbeans),whichwasconsideredasymbolofprosperity.asancientlegendhasitthatluduancantravel18,000li(9,000kilometers)inonedayandknowsalllanguagesanddialects.onlytoawiseadjustmonarchwillthisbeastbeaguardian.

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