英语动词分类及练习句子成分词序解析
发布时间:2018-10-21 来源:文档文库
小
中
大
字号:
动词分类及练习I.动词的种类(Kinds of Verbs 类别 行为动词 Action Verbs 说明
例句
表示动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓She has a new friend from Australia. 语。 He takes the train every day. He leaves for school at around seven. 连系动词 不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构He is popular in school. Link Verbs 成谓语。 Twins usually look the same. Trees turn green in spring. 助动词 不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一I don’t want to go for a drive.Auxiliary 起构成谓语,表示否定、疑问、时态(否定) Verbs 或其他语法形式。 We are playing basketball. (进行时态)
Do you like tomatoes?(疑问)
情态动词 不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一She can speak a little English. Modal 起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情You should drink more water. Verbs 态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
注:行为动词可分为及物动词(The Transitive Verb,缩写为vt.)和不及物动词(The Intransitive Verb,缩写为vi.)。及物动词后面必须加宾语意义才完整。 一、实义动词
■①及物动词与不及物动词
特别注意:及物动词必须带宾语,不可单独作谓语;不及物动词可以单独作谓语,不可直接加宾语,跟宾语时必须加介词。
根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词Vt.和不及物动词vi.。 They study hard. I know them well.
注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如:
She sings very well. She sang an English song just now.
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。
Shall I begin at once? She began working as a librarian after she left school. When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. ■②动态动词和静态动词
动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■③延续性动词和非延续性动词
根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。
注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如: [译]他离开这里三天了。
[误]He has left here for three days.
[正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■④限定动词与非限定动词
限定动词在句中作谓语,有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,也叫非谓语动词,没有人称和数的变化。 The room needs cleaning.
二、连系动词
系动词亦称连系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词,接的是形容词。 1、Be:
He is a teacher.(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)I am fine. 2、keep, rest, remain, stay,例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3、表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. He seems (to be very sad. 4、feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 5、become, grow, turn, fall(asleep), get, go, come, run.
He became mad after that.
She grew rich within a short time. 6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,
The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. (turn out表终止性结果) 7.使役动词:let,have,make 使,让…
Let /make somebody do sth The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.