a red，red rose
robert burns 红玫瑰
罗伯特·彭斯
o my luve's like a red,red rose
that's newly spring in june:
o my luve's like the melodie
that's sweetly play'd tune.
as fair art thou,my bonnie lass.
so deep in luve am i:
and i will luve thee still,my dear,
till a'the seas gang dry.
till a'the seas gang dry,my dear,
and the rocks melt wi'the sun;
o i will luve thee still, my dear,
while the sands o'life shall run.
and fare thee week,my onlu luve!
and fare thee awhile!
and i will come again,my luve,
tho'it were ten thousand mile.
吾爱吾爱玫瑰红，
六月初开韵晓风；
吾爱吾爱如管弦，
其声悠扬而玲珑。
吾爱吾爱美而珠，
我心爱你永不渝，
我心爱你永不渝，
直到四海海水枯；
直到四海海水枯，
岩石融化变成泥，
只要我还有口气，
我心爱你永不渝。
暂时告别我心肝，
请你不要把心耽！
纵使相隔十万里，
踏穿地皮也要还。
he that loves a rosy cheek
thomas carew 真的美
托默斯·加鲁
he that loves a rosy cheek
or a coral lip admires,
or from star-like eyes doth seek
fuel to maintain his fires;
as old time makes these decay,
so his flames must waste away.
but a smooth and steadfast mind,
gentle thoughts,and calm desires,
hearts with equal love combined,
kindle never-dying fires;——
where these are not,i despise
lovely cheek or lips or eyes.
颊如玫瑰红，
唇如珊瑚赤，
星眼珠耀然，
有人为之热；
迟暮具凋零，
热情亦衰竭。
心平气亦和，
宁静而谦抑，
一视能同仁，
爱之永不灭；——
世若无斯人，
颊唇眼何益？
the rose in the wind
james stephens 风中蔷薇花
吉姆肆·斯弟芬司
dip and swing,
lift and sway;
dream a life,
in a dream,away.
like a dream
in a sleep
is the rose
in the wind;
and a fish
in the deep;
and a man
in the mind;
dreaming to lack
all that is his;
dreaming to gain
all that he is.
dreaming a life,
in a dream,away
dip and swing,
lift and sway.
颤颤巍巍，
颉之顽之；
睡梦生涯，
抑之扬之。
梦中之梦，
风中之花，
蔷薇颠倒，
睡梦生涯。
水中有鱼，
心中有君；
鱼难离水，
君是我心。
梦有所丧，
丧其所有；
梦其所得，
得其自由。
睡梦生涯，
抑之扬之，
颤颤巍巍，
颉之顽之。
trees
joyce kilmer 树
菊叶斯·基尔默
i think that i shall never see
a poem lovely as a tree.
a tree whose hungry mouth is prest
againsr the earth's sweet flowing breast;
a tree that looks at god all day,
and lifts her leafy arms to pry;
a tree that may in summer wear
a nest of robins in her hair;
upon whose bosom snow has lain;
who intimately lives with rain.
poems are made by fools like me,
but only god can make a tree.
我向，永远不会看到一首诗，
可爱的如同一株树一样。
一株树，他的饥渴的嘴
吮吸着大地的甘露。
一株树，他整日望着天
高擎着叶臂，祈祷无语。
一株树，夏天在他的发间
会有知更鸟砌巢居住。
一株树，白雪躺在他胸上，
他和雨是亲密的伴侣。
诗是我辈愚人所吟，
树只有上帝才能赋。
the paps of dana
james stephens 月神的奶头
吉姆肆·斯弟芬司
the moutains stand and stare around,
they are far too proud to speak,
altho'they are rooted in the ground
up they go,peak after peak,
before the tallest house,and still
soaring over tree and hill
until you'd think they'd never stop
going up,top over top,
into the clouds——still i mark
that a sparrow pr a lark
flying just as high can sing
as if he'd not done anything.
i think the mountains ought to be
taught a little modesty. 山岳巍然，雄视八荒，
气象庄严，无声无响，
植根大地，负势竟上。
洪涛排空，群峰低昂，
超越宫殿，凌彼森岗，
高入云表，争霸争王，
不思举止，徒逞豪强。
我观云鸟，载翱载翔，
飞抵上苍，尽情歌唱，
自由自在，毫不夸张。
告彼山岳，宜稍谦让，
戒骄戒躁，好自思量。
winter moon
evelyn scott 冬月
伊吾琳·司科特
a little white thistle moon
blown over the cold crags and fens:
a little white thistle moon
blown across the frozen heather. 初月如银沟，
吹过冰岩沼；
如勾初月白，
吹渡寒郊草。
the moon
william h.davies 月
威廉·h·戴维士
thy beauty haunts me heart and soul,
o thou fair moon,so close and bright;
thy beauty makes me like the child
that cries aloud to own thy light:
the little child that lifts each arm
to press thee to her bosom warm.
though there are birds that sing this night
with thy white beams across their throats,
let my deep silence speak for me
more than for them their sweetest notes:
who worships thee till music fails
is greater than nightingales.
你的美丽缠绕了我的心和魂，
你美好的月哦，那样近，那样明；
你的美丽使我像个小孩儿
要捉着你的光，发出更大的声音；
小孩举起每一只胳膊，
要把你捉来抱的紧紧。
虽然有些鸟儿在夜里吟唱，
由于你的银光照着它们的颈，
让我深深的沉默谈出我的心
比他们的最美的歌声更有风韵；
对你的崇敬到了沉默无声，
那崇敬是超过了你的夜鸣莺。
the shepherdess
alice meynell 牧羊的女儿
阿里斯·美那尔
she walks——the lady of my delight——
a shepherdess of sheep.
her flocks are thoughts.she keep them white;
she guards them from the steep.
she feeds them on the fragrant height
and folds them in for sleep.
she roams maternal hills and bright,
dark valleys safe and deep.
into that tender breast at night
the chastest stars may peep.
she walks——the lady of my delight——
a shepherdess of sheep.
she holds her little thoughts in sight,
though gay they run and leap.
she is so circumspect and right;
she has her soul to keep.
she walks——the lady of my delight——
a shepherdess of sheep.
她是在徜徉——我愉快的姑娘——
牧羊的女儿在牧羊。
她的羊群是思想，她使它们明亮；
她不让它们走近悬崖，
她饲养着它们在芬芳的丘陵上，
使它们安息在羊栏房。
慈祥的小丘映着阳光，
平安的幽谷，她在徜徉，
夜里有那些最洁净的星星，
窥进那柔软的胸膛。
她在徜徉——我愉快的姑娘——
牧羊的女儿在牧羊。
她照管着她那些小思想，
尽管它们跳跃的好癫狂。
她是那样地小心而又端庄；
看守着自己的灵魂不放。
她在徜徉——我愉快的姑娘——
牧羊的女儿在牧羊。
the soul
john 灵魂
约翰·格斯瓦斯
my soul's the sky——my flying soul!
the lightnight flare,the thunder roll,
the sun and moon and stars go by,
and great winds sweep my soul,the sky!
my brooding soul——my soul's the sea!
the snaky weed,and whishing scree,
the white wave's surge from pole to pole,
and still green depth——the sea's my soul!
my soul's the spring——my loveing soul!
will dance,and leap,and drain the bowl
of love;and longing,twine and cling
to all the world——my soul's the spring!
my fevered soul!my soul's the town!
thro'flaring street goes up and down;
the bells of feast and traffic toll
and maze their music in my soul.
my tranquil soul!my soul too wide
for sky,or spring,town,or tide!
thou traveller to outer strand
of home serene——my soul so grand!
我的灵魂是太空！
电在闪呵雷在轰，
日月群星在运动，
时而卷起大台风！
我的灵魂是大海！
蛇样的藻响石崖，
百浪涛天天接地，
琉璃万顷身无界！
我的灵魂是阳春，
踊跃狂饮爱之淳，
万事万物皆有情，
渴望，缠绵理不清。
我的灵魂是市镇！
陆离街道莽纵横；
祭日之中驿站铃，
结成交响之乐音。
我的灵魂太沉静，
天，春，镇，海比不赢！
远游彼岸之太清——
我的灵魂真雄浑！
a london thoroughfare(2 a.m.)
amy lowell 一条伦敦大马路（午夜二时）
阿米·罗维尔
they have watered the street,
it shines in the glare of lamps,
cold,white lamps,
and lies
like a slow-moving river,
barred with silver and black.
cabs go down it,
one,
and then another.
between then i hear the shuffling of feet.
tramps doze on the window-ledges,
night-walkers pass along the side-walks.
the city is squalid and sinister,
with the silver-barred street in the midst,
slow-moving,
a river leading nowhere.
opposite my window,
the moon cuts,
clear and round,
through the plum-colored night.
she cannot light the city;
it is too bright.
it was white lamps,
and glitters coldly.
i stand in the window and watch the moon.
she is thin and lustreless,
but i love her.
i know the moon,
and this is an alien city.
人们在街上洒了水，
街道在灯光中扬辉，
冷，白色的灯，
躺着
像一条河慢慢流进，
有银色、黑色的条纹，
马车走过来，
一台，
又是一台。
在它们之间夹着脚音。
脚音在窗台上打盹，
人行道上过着夜行的人。
这城市阴晦而苦闷，
有银线条的街在它中心，
慢慢的流着
一条没有出口的河。
正对着我的窗
有澄净的，圆圆的
月亮，
穿过杏色的穹苍，
她不会照耀城市；
由于城市太亮。
城市有白色的灯
放射着冷光。
我站在窗边望着月亮，
她太冷淡而不辉煌，
但我爱她，
月亮是我的故人，
城市在异乡。
ALWAYS HAVE A DREAM
Forget about the days when it's been cloudy.
But don't forget your hours in the sun.
Forget about the times you have been defeated.
But don't forget the victories you have won.
Forget about the misfortunes you have encountered.
But don't forget the times your luck has turned.
Forget about the days when you have been lonely.
But don't forget the friendly smiles you have seen.
Forget about the plans that didn't seem to work out right.
But don't forget to always have a dream.
忘掉你失意的日子，但不要忘记黄金的时光。
忘掉你的一次次失败，但不要忘记你夺取的胜利。
忘掉你遭遇的不幸，但不要忘记你的时来运转。
忘掉你的孤独日子，但不要忘记你得到的友善微笑。
忘掉你没有得以顺利实施的计划，但不要放弃你的梦想。
Humpty-dumpty
Humpty-dumpty sat on a wall.
Humpty-dumpty had a great fall.
All the King's horses
And all the King's men
Can not put Humpty-dumpty together again.
这首顺口溜是英语国家民间很受欢迎的鹅妈妈故事之一。Humpty-dumpty 是一只大鸡蛋。一位美丽的公主把它带进皇宫，让它坐在墙头上看国王的车队回宫。它看得太起劲了，不小心摔下来就碎了。英语里的Humpty-dumpty 比喻一经损坏就无法修复的东西。
A little girl's dream
Dreams keep running through my mind
Reflecting memories of long ago.
Made in a land of fairy tales,
A place my heart longs for so.
Cut off from the rest of the world
With streams, and meadows to roam,
Viewed from a little girl's eyes,
A place that would always be home
A place where berries grew wild
Where rabbits and squirrels were seen
Where a racoon could be a friend
And deer played down by the stream.
A world where imagination made all come true
And a little girl could be a queen
Where daydreams were spun like cobwebs
But a world where everything wasn't what it seemed.
For every little girl has to grow up
And daydreams shatter in your hand,
You find the home you thought was your own
Is nothing but a simple piece of land.
The flowers don't seem to bloom so bright,
And fairy tales no longer come true,
For it is seen now through grownup eyes,
No longer the world that you knew.
But still...Somewhere in the back of my mind
That place will always remain
From all those memories long ago
To beckon me back time and again.
英诗的欣赏：诗的格律、诗的押韵、诗的体式、诗的评判。 诗以高度凝结的语言表达着人们的喜怒哀乐，用其特有的节奏与方式影响着人们的精神世界。诗讲究联想，运用象征、比喻、拟人等各种修辞手法，形成了独特的语言艺术。
一、 诗的格律 “格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”，是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为扬（重），在音节上用“－”或“?”标示，非重读音节为抑（轻），在音节上用“?”标示，音步之间可用“／”隔开。以下是五种常见格式：
1. 抑扬格（轻重格）Iambus：是最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。
As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass，
So deep / in luve / am I ：
And I / will luve / thee still，/ my dear， Till a` / the seas / gang dry：
Robert Burns（1759-1796）： My Luve Is like a Red， Red Rose
注；art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go
上例中为四音步与三音步交叉，可标示为：?－／?－／?－／（?－）
2.扬抑格（重轻格）Trochee：每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。
下例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节），可标示为：－?／－?／－?／－
Tyger！/ Tyger！/ burning / bright
In the / forests / of the / night
William Blake： The Tyger
3. 抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）Anapaestic foot： 每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格??－／??－／??－
Like a child / from the womb，
Like a ghost / from the tomb，
I arise / and unbuild / it again.
4. 扬抑抑格（重轻轻格）Dactylic foot： 每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。如：两音步扬抑抑格－??／－??
?Touch her not / ?scornfully，
?Think of her / ?mournfully.
- Thomas Hood
5. 抑扬抑格（轻重轻格）Amphibrach：每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。如：三音步抑扬抑格?－?／?－?／?－?下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。
O ?hush thee / my ?babie / thy ?sire was / a knight.
在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律，格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值。现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律。
二、 诗的押韵
押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。
1. 尾韵：最常见，最重要的押韵方式。
1） 联韵：aabb型。
I shot an arrow into the air，
It fell to earth， I knew not where；
For， so swiftly it flew， the sight
Could not follow it in its flight.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow： The Arrow and the Song
2） 交叉韵：abab型。
Sunset and evening star，
And one clear call for me！
And may there be no moaning of the bar，
When I put out to sea，
Alfred Tennyson（1809-1892）： Crossing the Bar
3） 同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵到底，大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。
如下例就共用／i：p／为韵脚。
The woods are lovely， dark and deep，
But I have promises to keep，
And miles to go before I sleep，
And miles to go before I sleep.
Robert Frost （1874-1963）： Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
2. 头韵：是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。下例中运用／f／、／b／与／s／头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。
The fair breeze blew， the white foam flew，
The furrow followed free，
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.
T.S. Coleridge： Rime of the Acient Mariner
3.内韵（同元音）：指词与词之间原因的重复形成的内部押韵。
下面一节诗中／i／及／iη／重复照应，呈现出一派欢乐祥和的气氛。
Spring， the sweet spring， is the year‘s pleasant king；
Then blooms each thing， then maids dance in a ring，
Cold dath not sting， the pretty birds do sing：
Cuckoo，jug-jug，pu-we，to-witta-woo！
Thomas Nashe（1567-1601）： Spring， the Sweet Spring
三、 诗的体式
有的诗分成几节（stanza），每节由若干诗行组成（每行诗均以大写字母开头）；有的诗则不分节。目前我们常见的诗体有：
1. 十四行诗（Sonnet），源于中世纪民间抒情短诗，十三、十四世纪流行于意大利，意大利彼特拉克（Petrarch）为代表人物，每行十一个音节，全诗一节八行，加一节六行，韵脚用abba， abba， cdcdcd （cdecde）。前八行提问，后六行回答。
后来，怀亚特（ThomasWyatt，1503-1542）将十四行诗引人英国，五音步抑扬格，全诗三个四行一个二行，前三节提问，后二句结论。斯宾塞（EdmundSpenser，1552-1599）用韵脚 abab， bcbc，cdcd，ee.莎士比亚（WilliamShakespeare，1564-1616）用韵脚abab，cdcd，dfdf，gg，称英国式或莎士比亚式。举例见本文第四部分。
2. 打油诗（Limericks）：通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌，一般没有标题也无作者姓名，含有幽默讽刺性，常运用双关，内韵等手法。每首诗五个诗行，押韵为aabba，格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。
1） There was a young lady of Nigger
Who smiled as she rode on a tiger；
They returned from the ride
With the lady inside，
And the smile on the face of the tiger.
2） A tutor who taught on the flute
Tried to teach two tooters to toot，
“Is it harder to toot， or
Said the two to the tutor，
To tutor two tooters to toot？“
3. 无韵体（Blank Verse）：五音步抑扬格，不押韵诗体。
Across the watery bale ， and shout again，
Responsive to his call， - with quivering peals，
And long halloos， and screams， and echoes loud.
Redoubled and redoubled：concourse wild
Of jocund din！…
William Wordsworth： There Was a Boy
4. 自由诗（FreeVerse）：现代诗中常见的体式，长短不同的诗行存在于同一首诗中，不讲究押韵与格律，只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。美国诗人WaltWhitman的>（Leaves of Grass）中，就采用此格式。例子见第四部分。
四、 诗的评判
对一首诗，个人的感受会有不同。节奏流畅，语言精炼，联想新颖的诗可算是好诗。堆砌词藻，一味抒发感情而无实际内容的诗，只能是下乘的诗。
二十世纪英美诗歌大量采用自由诗体，接近口语，可谓大胆创新，大概也是诗歌发展的大势所趋吧。以下通过三首诗的分析看诗的评判。
1. That Time of Year
That time of year thou may‘st in me behold
When yellow leaves，or none，or few， do hang
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold，
Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang，
In me thou see‘st the twilight of such day
As after sunset fadeth in the west，
When by and by black night doth take away，
Death‘s second self， that seals up all in rest.
In me thou see‘st the glowing of such fire，
That on the ashes of his youth doth lie.
As the deathbed whereon it must expire，
Consumed with that which it was nourished by.
This you perceivest， which makes thy love more strong，
To love that well which thou must leave ere long.
Notes：may‘st：may behold：see late：no long ago thou：you see’st：see
fadeth：fades doth：does seals up all at rest：彻底埋葬
thy：your perceivest： perceive ere long： before long
此诗是莎士比亚（William Shakespeare， 1564-1616）的一首十四行诗。作为英国文学巨匠，他以37部剧作和154首十四行诗屹立于世界文坛。
此诗为五音步抑扬格，每个诗行格律为：?－／?－／?－／?－／?－／。
全诗涉及衰老、死亡及爱情问题。前十二行：通过描写深秋的树枝黄叶凋零，曾是百鸟争鸣的歌坛，联想到自身青春会如夕阳消逝在远方，被黑夜吞没；自身的青春会如将尽的柴火奄奄一息，被曾滋养过它的火焰焚化。其中choirs（歌坛），deathbed（灵床）使用暗喻手法，同时又用夕阳和柴火象征人的衰老死亡。最后两行：点题，人们对即将永别的东西会更珍惜。本文动词变化具有明显的伊利沙白时代的特点。
2. The Daffodils
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o‘er vales and hills，
When all at once I saw a crowd，
A host of golden daffodils；
Beside the lake， beneath the trees，
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the Milky Way，
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay：
Ten thousand saw I at a glance，
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced； but they
Outdid the sparkling waves in glee：
A poet could not but be gay，
In such a jocund company：
I gazed - and gazed - but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought：
For oft， when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood，
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude；
Ans then my heart with pleasure fills，
And dances with the daffodils.
Notes： a crowd， a host of： many sprightly：happy glee：joy
jocund：happy bliss：complete happiness pensive：sadly thoughtful
华兹华斯（WilliamWordsworth，1770-1850），十九世纪初英格兰北部湖区三大“湖畔派诗人”（浪漫主义）之一。此诗向我们描绘了一幅美好的自然景象，同时抒发作者对自然美景的喜欢。黄水仙据说是威尔士国花（1282年，威尔士归顺英格兰，被封公国），在英国广泛栽种，春季开花，花期不长。有许多关于黄水仙的诗歌，这首诗无疑是脱颖而出的。
全诗语言精炼，通俗易懂，四音步抑扬格，分四节（stanza），每节6行，每节押韵均为ababcc.第一节写诗人孤寂时外出散步，偶遇水仙；第二节写水仙争相开放，千姿百态；第三节，诗人看到这景象感到欣喜异常；第四节写诗人在日后忧郁时，回想当时情景，又让他心中充满了欢乐，随着水仙跳起舞来。
3. Song of Myself
I celebrate myself， and sing myself，
And what I assume you shall assume，
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
I loafe and invite my soul，
I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.
My tongue， every atom of my blood， form‘d from this soil， this air，
Born ere of parents born here from parents the same， and their parents the same，
I， now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin，
Hoping to cease not till death.
Creeds and schools in abeyance，
Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are， but never forgotten.
I harbor for good or bad， I permit to speak at every hazard.
Nature without check with original energy.
Notes： a spear of： a piece of school：学说，流派 hazard：chance
abeyance： the condition of not being in use for a certain time
惠特曼（Walt Whitman，1819-1892），美国诗人。此诗选自其巨著。本文是Song of Myself 一诗的第一部分，采用自由诗体，语言接近当时的美国口语。
文中I指作者，you指读者，这种写法使读者身临其境，进入作者描写的世界。作者在文中表明人的价值是平等的，同时他把自己融入到自然带给他的启发思考中。
从上看出，诗歌的欣赏评判并非可望而不可及，关键要抓住诗中的意象，了解其语义，以便把握诗的大意。纵然每个人的读后感会有不同，但每个人都会在阅读过程中感受到诗歌带来的美和精神上的共鸣。
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