Permit Liang to observe: the late Emperor was taken from us before he could finish his life's work, the restoration of the Han.*late ：已逝世的今日下三分，益州疲敝，此诚紧急存
亡之秋也。 Today, the empire is still divided into three, and our very survival is threatened. 然侍卫之臣，不懈于内；忠志之士，忘
身于外者 :
Yet still the officials at court and the soldiers throughout the realm remain loyal to you, your majesty.*realm ：领土 帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。
盖追先
Because they remember the late Emperor, all of them, and they wish to repay his kindness in service to you. 诚宜开张圣听，以
光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气；
This is the moment to extend your divine influence, to honor the memory of the late Emperor and to strengthen the morale of your officers.*divine ：神圣的 *morale ：士气不宜自轻自贱，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
It is not the time to listen to bad advice, or close your ears to the suggestions of loyal men. ( 宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同：如有作奸不法，及为忠善者，宜付有司，论其刑
赏，以昭陛下平明之治；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。侍中、
侍郎郭攸之、费依、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先
帝简拔以遗陛下：愚认为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，
而后实行，必得裨补阙漏，有所广益。将军向宠，性行淑均，
晓畅军事，试用之于往日，先帝称之曰“能”
，是以众议举 宠为督：愚认为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和穆，好坏得所也。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉因此兴旺 也；
The emperors of Western Han chose their courtiers wisely, and their dynasty flourished. 亲小人，远贤臣，今后汉因此倾颓也。The emperors of Eastern Han chose poorly, and they doomed the empire to ruin.*doom ：使失败先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未
尝不惋惜怨恨于桓、灵也！
Whenever the late Emperor discussed the problem with me, he lamented the failings of Emperors Huan and Ling.*lament：叹息，怨恨
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。
I began as a common man, farming in my fields in Nanyang, doing what I could to survive in an age of chaos. I never had any interest in making a name for myself as a noble. *make a name for my self ：使自己扬名
先帝不以臣鄙俗，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当
世之事
The late Emperor was not ashamed to visit my cottage and seek my advice. 由是感谢，遂许先帝以驱驰。
Grateful for his regard, I responded to his appeal and threw myself into his service. *throw oneself into ：尽心投身于
(后值颠覆，受任于败军之际，授命于危难之间
尔来二十有一年矣。先帝知臣慎重，故临崩寄臣以大事也。 Now 21 years have past. The late Emperor always appreciated my caution and, in his final days, entrusted me with his cause.*entrust：交托授命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐付托不效，
以伤先帝之明，
Since that moment, I have been tormented day and night by the
fear that I might let him down.*torment:入不毛。 烦恼故五月渡泸，深
That is why I crossed the Lu river at the height of summer, and entered the wastelands beyond.*at the height of ：在最鼎盛之时今南方已定，兵甲已足，
Now the south has been subdued, and our forces are fully armed.*subdue：征服
当奖率全军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，
还于旧都。
I should lead our soldiers to conquer the northern heartland and attempt to remove the hateful traitors, restore the house of Han, and return it to the former capital.
此臣因此报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。 This is the way I mean to honor my debt to the late Emperor and fulfill my duty to you. (至于商酌损益，进效忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
愿陛 下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，
My only desire is to be permitted to drive out the traitors and restore the Han. 不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。
If I let you down, punish my offense and report to the spirit of the late Emperor.(若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先
帝遗诏，
Your Majesty, consider your course of action carefully. Seek out good advice, and never forget the last words of the late Emperor.
臣不胜受恩感谢。今当远离。 I depart now on a long expedition, and I will be forever grateful if you heed my advice.*expedition 远征 *heed 遵从临表涕泣，不知所言。
