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2011年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案
2011年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案
发布时间:2023-02-02 06:01:21 来源:
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2011
年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语
(
一
试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(sforeachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.
(10points
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But
__1___someclaimstothe
contrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionofthe
heartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaugh
isunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdating
backtothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdow
n.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoes
produceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemoti
on,
ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry
___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperiment
publishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwü
rzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apen
eitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile
–
orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n__17___expression.Those
forcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___that
expressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprove
mood.
1
.
[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
2
.
[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce
3
.
[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining
4
.
[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe
5
.
[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable
6
.
[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7
.
[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected
8
.
[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes
9
.
[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance
10
.
[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal
11
.
[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor
12
.
[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at
13
.
[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because
14
.
[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses
15
.
[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond
16
.
[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold
17
.
[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18
.
[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19
.
[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20
.
[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Markyouranswerson
ANSWERSHEET1.(40points
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewY
orkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-music
worldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosay
theleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober
-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.Even
Tommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairofthe
formidableconductorabouthim.”Asad
escriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledby
musicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevariety
ofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestral
music.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,at
tention,
andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theater
companies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.There
recordingsarecheap,availableevery
where,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,
theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthu
s
broughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilber
t’sown
interestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableof
turningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifferen
ce?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilberta
ndthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirst
changetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthan
cloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemy
goalofrunningacompany.”
Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewitht
he
boardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosenta
clearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvon
and
AmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansin
responsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironment
alsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthet
hird
quarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberum
Research.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.Foryearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadhered
totherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennis
Carey:”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolook
atsittingCEOsfirst.”
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadeca
de
age,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.Robert
WillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyears
later.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetween
jobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”says
oneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby
[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.
[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.
[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.
[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4mostprobablymeans
[A]approvedof.
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