救灾

救灾

作者：王逢鑫

来源：《课外阅读》2008年第14期

        句子：全国人民正在为抗震救灾捐款物。

        误译：The Chinese people are do nating money and materials to fight the earthquake and save the disaster。

        正译：The Chinese people are do nating money and materials to fight the earthquake and provide disaster relief。

        解释：“救灾”的意思是“援助灾难中的人，使其免于灾难”。救的对象是人，不是灾难。不可以字对字译为to save the disaster。“救灾”通常译为to provide disaster relierf，to help people to tide over a natural disaster。例如：地震发生后，各级政府已投入大量资金抗震救灾。Since the occurrence of the earthquake，the governments at alllevels have put in large amounts offunds to fight the earthquake andhelp people to tide over the disaster。

        地震灾区急需抢险器械和救灾基金。Equipment for rushrepairs and funds for disaster relief arebadly needed in the earthquake-batteredareas。

        “救”的意思是营救或援助人，使其脱离或免于危险或灾难。“救”的第一个用法是后面跟被救的对象。英语可以译为to save sb，或to rescue sb，例如：

        如果有一线希望，就要千方百计挽救生命。Every effort will be made tosave lives if there is the slightest hope，

        救援队员清除瓦砾将婴儿从废墟中救了出来。The rescue workers removedthe rubble and saved the baby from thedebris。

        一位60多岁的老太太在地震195个多小时后从岩石裂缝中被救出来。Awoman in her 60s was rescued from arock crack，more than 195 hours after theearthquake。

        救援队员们继续在倒塌的楼房中搜寻遇难者，成功地救出了几名幸存者。The emergency workers continued tosearch ruined buildings for victims andsucceeded in saving some survivors。

        “救”的第二个用法是后面跟表示灾难的名称，即造成危害的事物。“救荒”的意思是“采取措施或帮助度过灾荒”。可以译为to relieve famine，to help sb，to tide over a crop failure，例如：

        政府采取了一系列有效措施救荒。The government adopted a series ofeffective measures to relieve famine/helppeople to tide over a crop failure，

        “救火”的意思是“灭火，并从火中救人和财物”。英语可以译为t0 fight/put out/extinguish a fire，例如：

        他家房子着火了，他的邻居都来帮助救火。When his house was on fire，his neighbors came to help to fight/put out/extinguish the fire。

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