Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering
development organization 建设单位
design organization 设计单位
construction organization 施工单位
reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土
pile 桩
steel structure 钢结构
aluminium alloy 铝合金
masonry 砌体（工程） reinforced ~ 配筋砌体
load-bearing ~ 承重砌体 unreinforced ~非配筋砌体
permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力
plywood 胶合板
retaining wall 挡土墙
finish 装修
finishing material装修材料
ventilation 通风
natural ~ 自然通风
mechanical ~ 机械通风
diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙
villa 别墅
moment of inertia 惯性矩
torque 扭矩
stress 应力 normal ~ 法向应力 shear ~ 剪应力
strain 应变
age hardening 时效硬化
air-conditioning system空调系统
(air) void ration（土）空隙比
albery壁厨，壁龛
almery壁厨，贮藏室
anchorage length锚固长度
antiseismic joint 防震缝
architectural appearance 建筑外观
architectural area 建筑面积
architectural design 建筑设计
fiashing 泛水
workability (placeability) 和易性
safety glass安全玻璃
tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃
foamed glass泡沫玻璃
asphalt沥青
felt (malthoid) 油毡
riveted connection 铆接
welding焊接
screwed connection 螺栓连接
oakum 麻刀，麻丝
tee三通管
tap存水弯
esthetics美学
formwork 模板（工程）
shoring 支撑
batching 配料
slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工
lfit-slab construction 升板法施工
mass concrete 大体积混凝土
terrazzo水磨石
construction joint 施工缝
honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面
piled foundation桩基
deep foundation 深基础
shallow foundation浅基础
foundation depth基础埋深
pad foundation独立基础
strip foundation 条形基础
raft foundation筏基
box foundation箱形基础
BSMT=basement 地下室
lift 电梯 electric elevator
lift well电梯井
escalator 自动扶梯
Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ
Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E
safety coefficient 安全系数
fatigue failure 疲劳破坏
bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力
bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力
two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋
reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板
single way slab单向板
window blind 窗帘sun blind
wind load 风荷载
curing 养护
watertight concrete 防水混凝土
white cement白水泥
separating of concrete混凝土离折 segregation of concrete
mortar 砂浆 ~ joint 灰缝
pilaster 壁柱
fire rating耐火等级
fire brick 耐火砖
standard brick标准砖
terra cotta 琉璃瓦
mosaic 马赛克
ceramic mosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克， ceramic mosaic tile
ceramic tile 瓷砖
rubble wall毛石墙
marble 大理石,大理岩
granite 花岗石,花岗岩
ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土，预拌混凝土
real estate房地产
reinforcement bar 钢筋 veinforcement meal, reinforcing bar, reinforcing steel
reinforcement cover混凝土保护层
reinforcement mat 钢筋网, reinforcing mesh
reinforcing ratio 配筋率 reinforcement percentage
reinforcing work钢筋工程
residential building居住建筑
rigid foundation刚性基础
roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面; roof board 屋面板; roof garden屋顶花园
roof live load 屋面活荷载
rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石
sand cushion砂垫层
saw-tooth skylight锯齿形天窗
scaffold 脚手架
sill窗台
silty soil粉质土
single door单扇门
double door双扇门
single reinforcemen单筋t
sliding door推拉门
sliding window水平推拉窗
staircase楼梯间
stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手
stair step楼梯踏步
stair string (er)楼梯梁
stair clearance 楼梯净空高度stair headroom
steel forms钢模板
store room贮藏室
structural drawings结构图
soft substratum软弱下卧层
sun louver 遮阳板
supporting block 支座
supporting layer持力层
tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋 tensile steel, tension reinforcement
terrace roof 平屋顶
thermal insulation隔热
through ventilation穿堂风
timber structure 木结构wood structure
toilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池
tracing paper描图纸
lawn 草坪
treatment of elevation立面处理
drawing board 绘图板
triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验
tubular steel scaffolding钢管脚手架
uniformly distributed load均布荷载
unnotched bar 光面钢; threadbar螺纹钢筋
urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽
valley天沟
ventilating skylight 通风天窗
waterproof barrier 防水层aquatard
Terzaghi bearing capacity theory太沙基承载力理论
Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论
foundation treatment 地基处理
foundation pressure 基底压力
span 跨度
specific gravity比重
quicklime生石灰,氧化钙
hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰
hydration 水化作用
plaster of Paris熟石膏
portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥
portland blastfurnace slag cement矿渣水泥
portland fly-ash cement粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥
portland-pozzolana cement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥
gas-foaming admixture发泡剂
retarding admixture缓凝剂
water-reducing agent减水剂
air-entrained agent 加气剂
slump坍落度
water-cement ratio水灰比w/c
architectural lighting 建筑采光,建筑照明
architectural perspective建筑透视图
architectural section 建筑剖面图
architectural specifications建筑规范
architectural working drawing 建筑施工图
architecture sketch建筑草图
arc welding 电弧焊
stress concentration 应力集中
multi storied building 多层建筑
settlement of foundation 地基沉降
tensile strength抗拉强度
compressive strength抗压强度
bending strength抗弯强度
construction material 建筑材料building material
continuous beam连续梁
tower crane 塔式起重机,塔吊
SPT=standard penetration test 标准贯入度试验
wall between two windows窗间墙
stability稳定性
stress-strain curve应力-应变曲线
stress-strain diagram应力-应变图
damp-proof coating防潮层
osmosis渗透
osmotic co-efficient渗透系数
osmotic pressure渗透压力
finite element method 有限单无法
finite-difference method有限差分法
finite slice method 条分法
deformation 变形
displacement位移
allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力
total and differential settlement 总沉降量和沉降差
Mohr’s circle of stress 摩尔应力圆
snow laod雪(荷)载
bent reinforcement bar 弯起钢筋
bent steel 弯起钢筋
bent-up bar 弯起钢筋
bid 投标，标书
bid call招标
bid opening开标
bidding sheet 标价单
bid price 出价，投标价格
binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋
blocking course檐口墙，女儿墙 parapet (wall)
bloodwood 红木redwood
brick lintel 砖砌过梁
brick masonry structure 砖石结构
BRKT =bracket 牛腿
building height 建筑高度
building industrialization建筑工业化
building-in fitting 预埋件
building law 建筑法
building line 建筑红线
building module 建筑模数
building orientation 建筑物朝向
building permits for construction建筑施工执照
building equipment 建筑设备
building physics建筑物理
building rubble 建筑垃圾
building storm sewer 房屋雨水管
built –in cupboard 壁厨
cable structure 悬索结构
cable-supported construction悬索结构
canopy雨篷
cast-in-place concrete 现浇混凝土
cast-in-situ concrete 现浇混凝土
caterpillar crane 履带式起重机
cavity brick空心砖
cavity wall空心墙
ceiling 顶棚，吊顶，天花板
cement floor水泥地面
cement mortar水泥砂浆
center-to-center中心距(中到中间距)
chain-pull switch拉线开关
cromatics色彩学
city planning城市规划
civil architecture民用建筑
civil building民用建筑
civil engineering土木工程
clay brick粘土砖
clerestory天窗
clerestory windows高侧窗
closet 盥洗室，厕所，卫生间
coated glass 玻璃幕墙glass curtain wall
collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土slumping loess
collar tie beam 圈梁
combination beam 组合梁
combination construction 混合结构
shear wall 剪力墙
shear strength 抗剪强度
transom （门上的）亮子
bar 棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋
beam 梁
framework 框架
truss桁架
statically determinate ~ 静定桁架
statically indeterminate ~ 超静定桁架
elasticity弹性
plasticity塑性
stiffness刚度
fiexibility挠度
bending moment弯矩 ~ diagram 弯矩图 ~ envelope弯矩包络线
influence line 影响线
aggregate 骨料
coarse ~ 粗骨料
fine ~ 细骨料
admixture外加剂
concrete mixer混凝土搅拌机
paint 油漆
density密度
viscosity粘度，粘滞性
geology地质
earth pressure 土压力 active ~ 主动土压力
coarse sand 粗砂; medium sand中砂; fine sand细砂
artificial daylight人工采光
artificial illumination人工照明
art of architecture建筑艺术
seismatic design 抗震设计
back view 背立面
balcony阳台
balustrade 栏杆，扶手
bamboo scaffolding竹脚手架
band iron扁铁，扁钢
bar cutter钢筋切断机
bar list钢筋表
bar spacing钢筋间距
base board踢脚板
basic module基本模数
BC=building code建筑法规
beam-and-column construction梁柱结构（框架结构）
beam-and-girder construction主次梁梁格结构
beam-and-slab construction梁板结构
beam with one overhanging end 悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beam
beam with simply supported ends 简支梁simple beam, simple-supported beam, simply supported beam
beam with fixed ends 固端梁
bending stiffness弯曲刚度
bending strength抗弯强度
bending stress弯曲应力
bend bar 弯起钢筋，弯筋
commemorative architecture 纪念性建筑
commercial buildings商业建筑物,商业房屋
compacted fill 压实填土,夯实填土
compacted soil压实土
compaction by layers分层填土夯实
compaction by rolling 碾压
compaction by vibration振动压实
compartmentation隔断
completion acceptance竣工验收
completion date 竣工日期
compression bar 受压钢筋
compression steel受压钢筋
concealed work 隐蔽工程
conductor 水落管
construction administration 施工管理
constructional drawing 施工图,构造图
construction and installation work 建筑安装工程
construction company 建筑公司
construction economics建筑经济
construction industry建筑(工)业
construction in process 在建工程
construction management plan 施工组织设计
construction period施工工期
construction site 施工现场
creep 徐变,蠕变
cross wall横墙
dark room暗室
design development phase 技术设计阶段
design scheme设计方案
detail drawing 详图,大样图,细部图
development area 开发区
digestion tank 化粪池septic tank, sewage tank
distributed load分布荷载
distributing bars 分布钢筋
distribution reinforcement分布钢筋
BL=dead load 恒载,自重
dogleg stair 双折楼梯half turn
domestic building居住房屋,住宅
door window落地窗
dormitory宿舍
downspout 雨水管,落水管drain spout, fall pipe, leader pipe, rain conductor, rain leader, rain-water leader
drip line 滴水线
dunny厕所,盥洗室
earthquake intensity地震烈度
earthquake load 地震荷载
earthquake resistant design抗震设计
earthwork土石方工程
earthwork quantity土方工程量
eave 屋檐
effective depth 有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度
enameled tile 琉璃瓦,釉面砖
engineering geological prospecting工程地质勘探
expanded joint 伸缩缝,温度缝shrinkage joint, temperature joint
factory building厂房
figured glass 图案玻璃,压花玻璃patterned glass
fixed window固定窗
flat skylight平天窗
flexible foundation 柔性基础
floor load楼面荷载
floor plan楼屋平面图
floor-to-ceiling height楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高
floor-to-floor height楼面至楼面高度
story height层高
farmed steel 型钢shape(d) steel
foundation beam 基础梁
foundation bed 基础垫层
gable 出墙 ~ wall
galvanized iron 镀锌铁皮,白铁皮
general arrangement drawing总体布置图,总平面图
general layout 总平面图,总体布置
glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢
glued board 胶合板
gravel 砾石; ~ cobble 卵石pebble gravel, pebble stone
ground engineering地基工程
ground floor plan底层平面图
groundwater surface 地下水位phreatic (water ) surface
gutter明沟,天沟
rain-gutter檐沟,天沟
hair 麻刀hemp
mixed sand 混合砂
mechanics of materials 材料力学
theoretical mechanics 理论力学
elastic mechanics弹性力学
structural mechanics结构力学
architectural mechanics建筑力学
fracture mechanics断裂力学
soil mechanics土力学
rock mechanics岩石力学
fluid mechanics流体力学
abrasive floor防滑地板
accelerated cement 快凝水泥
accelerator促凝剂，速凝剂
acceptance of hidden subsurface work 隐蔽工程验收
acceptance of tender得标
acceptance of work subelements分项工程验收
access eye 清扫孔，检查孔
access hole 检修孔
access plate 检修孔盖板
accordion shades 折叠式活动隔断，屏风
acid 酸
alkali碱
acoustical insulation 隔声
red cray 红粘土adamic earth
adhesive bitumen primer冷底子油
administration of the construction contract 施工合同管理
aerial ledder消防梯
non-bearing wall 非承重墙non-load bearing wall
norm for detailed estimates 预算定额
norm for preliminary estimates 概算定额
norm for estimating labor requirements劳动定额
norm for estimating material requirements材料定额
open ditch 明沟open trench
outside finish 外装修
partion 隔壁, ~ screen 隔断
pea shingle 豆砾石，绿豆砂
pipeline gas 管道煤气
plastic hinge 塑性铰
plinth (wall)勒脚
pointing (joints)勾缝
pointing masonry勾缝砌体,清水墙
porch 门廊,走廊
pore water 孔隙水
post-tensioning method后张法
precast concrete lintel 预制混凝土过梁
precast reinforced concrete building预制钢筋混凝土房屋
monolithic reinforced concrete building整体式钢筋混凝土房屋
prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土
pretensioning method先张法
protecting cap 安全帽protective cap, safety helmet
protecting net 安全网
public building公共建筑
public comfort station 公共厕所public convenience
pump concrete 泵送混凝土pumping concrete
halfpace landing楼梯平台landing platform, stair landing, stair platform
hallway门厅,过道
hemp thread麻丝
high-rise hotel高层旅馆,高层饭店
hip 屋脊线
hoop reinforcement环筋,箍筋
hull core structure筒体结构
inside finish内装修
jalousie window 百叶窗, louver window
junior beam 次梁secondary beam, secondary girder
main beam 主梁primary beam, primary girder
kick strip 踢脚
step踏步
L & CM=lime and cement mortar石灰水泥砂浆
lintol (门窗)过梁lintel
longitudinal bar纵向钢筋
low-rise building低层建筑
LR = living room 起居室,客厅sitting room, parlo(u)r
mastic 玛碲脂,树脂,嵌缝料
membrane curing薄膜养护
metallic tape钢卷尺
metal window钢窗
mid-span moment跨中弯矩
mix(ing) proportion 配合比,混合比mix(ing) ratio
mopboard踢脚板
mosquito screen 纱窗, screen window
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