国风
一周南1.关雎2.葛覃3.卷耳4.樛木5.螽斯6.桃天7.兔置8.苤苢9.汉广10.汝坟11.麟之趾二召南12.鹊巢13.采蘩14.草虫15.采蘩16.甘棠17.行露18.羔羊19.殷其雷20.摽有梅21.小星22.江有汜23.野有死麇24.何彼襛矣25.驺虞三邶风26.柏舟27.绿衣28.燕燕29.日月30.终风31.击鼓32.凯风33.雄雉34.匏有苦叶35.谷风36.式微37.旄丘38.简兮39.泉水40.北门41.北风42.静女43.新台44.二子乘舟四鄘风45.柏舟46.墙有茨47.君子偕老48.桑中49.鹑之奔奔50.定之方中51.蝃蝀52.相鼠53.干旄54.载驰五卫风55.淇奥56.考槃57.硕人58.氓59.竹竿60.芄兰61.河广62.伯兮63.有狐64.木瓜六王风65.黍离66.君子于役67.君子阳阳68.扬之水69.中谷有蕹70.兔爰71.葛藟72.采葛73.大车74.丘中有麻七郑风75.缁衣76.将仲子77.叔于田78.大叔于田79.清人80.羔裘81.遵大路82.女日鸡鸣83.有女同车84.山有扶苏85.萚兮86.狡童87.褰裳88.丰89.东门之蝉90.风雨91.子衿92.扬之水93.出其东门94.野有蔓草95.溱洧八齐风96.鸡鸣97.还98.著99.东方之日100.东方未明101.南山102.甫田103.芦令104.敝笱105.载驱106.猗嗟九魏风107.葛屦108.汾沮洳109.园有桃110.陟岵111.十亩之间112.伐檀113.硕鼠十唐风114.蟋蟀115.山有枢116.扬之水117.椒聊118.绸缪119.卡大杜120.羔裘121.鸨羽122.无衣123.有卡大之杜124.葛生125.采苓十一秦风126.车邻127.驷驖128.小戎129.蒹葭130.终南131.黄鸟132.晨风133.无衣134.渭阳135.权舆十二陈风136.宛丘137.东门之扮138.衡门139.东门之池140.东门之杨141.墓门142.防有鹊巢143.月出144.株林145.泽陂十三桧风146.羔裘147.素冠148.隰有苌楚149.匪风十四曹风150.蜉蝣151.候人152.鸤鸠153.下泉十五豳风154.七月155.鸱鹗156.东山157.破斧158.伐柯159.九罭160.狼跋
风
周南
召南
邶风
鄘风
卫风
王风
郑风
齐风
魏风
唐风
秦风
陈风
桧风
曹风
豳风
雅
鹿鸣之什
南有嘉鱼之什
鸿雁之什
节南山之什
谷风之什
甫田之什
鱼藻之什
文王之什
生民之什
荡之什
颂
周颂·清庙之什
周颂·臣工之什
周颂·闵予小子之什
鲁颂·駉之什
商颂
Book of Songs (Chinese)
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The Book of Songs (simplified Chinese: 诗经; traditional Chinese: 詩經; pinyin: Shī Jīng; Wade-Giles: Shih Ching), translated variously as the Classic of Poetry, or the Book of Odes, is the earliest existing collection of Chinese poems. It comprises 305 poems, some possibly written as early as 1000 BC. It forms part of the Five Classics.
The Book of Songs is the best source for the daily lives, hopes, complaints and beliefs of ordinary people in the early Zhou period. Over half of the poems are said to have originally been popular songs. They concern basic human problems such as love, marriage, work, and war. Others include court poems, and legendary accounts praising the founders of the Zhou dynasty. Included are also hymns used in sacrificial rites,[1] and songs used by the arisotracy in their sacrificial ceremonies or at banquets.[2]
The poems of Book of Songs have strict patterns in both rhyme and rhythm, make much use of imagery, and tend to be short; they set the pattern for later Chinese poetry. The Book of Songs is regarded as a revered Confucius classic, and has been studied and memorized by centuries of scholars in China.[3] The popular songs were seen as good keys to understanding the troubles of the common people, and were often read as allegories; complaints against lovers were seen as complaints against faithless rulers, for example.[4] Confucius was supposed to have selected and edited the poems from a much larger body of material.[5]
[edit] The collection
The collection is divided into three parts according to their genre, namely feng, ya and song, with the ya genre further divided into "small" and "large":
The Confucian tradition holds that the collection, one of the Wu Jing, or Five Classics, came to what we have today after the editing of Confucius. The collection was officially acknowledged as one of "Five Classics" during the Han Dynasty, and previously in Zhou Dynasty Shi (詩) was one of "Six Classics". Four schools of commentary existed then, namely the Qi (齊), the Lu (魯), the Han (韓), and the Mao (毛) schools. The first two schools did not survive. The Han school only survived partly. The Mao school became the canonical school of Book of Songs commentary after the Han Dynasty. As a result, the collection is also sometimes referred to as "Mao Shi" (毛詩). Zheng Xuan's elucidation on the Mao commentary is also canonical. The 305 poems had to be reconstructed from memory by scholars since the previous Qin Dynasty had burned the collection along with other classical texts. (There are, in fact, a total of 308 poem titles that were reconstructed, but the remaining three poems only have titles without any extant text). The earliest surviving edition of Book of Songs is a fragmentary one of the Han Dynasty, written on bamboo strips, unearthed at Fuyang.
The poems are written in four-character lines. The airs are in the style of folk songs, although the extent to which they are real folk songs or literary imitations is debated. The odes deal with matters of court and historical subjects, while the hymns blend history, myth and religious material.
The three major literary figures or styles employed in the poems are fu, bi and xing:
An example of a poem from the Book of Songs is as follows:
Please, Zhongzi,Do not climb into our hamlet,Do not break our willow trees.It's not that I begrudge the willows,But I fear my father and mother.You I would embrace,But my parents' words—Those I dread.
Please, Zhongzi,Do not leap over our wall,Do not break our mulberry trees.It's not that I begrudge the mulberries,But I fear my brothers.You I would embrace,But my brothers' words—Those I dread.
Please, Zhongzi,Do not climb into our yard,Do not break our rosewood tree.It's not that I begrudge the rosewood,But I fear gossip.You I would embrace,But people's words—Those I dread.
[edit] Contents
Summary of groupings of Book of Songs poems
[edit] Guo Feng
[edit] Xiao Ya
[edit] Da Ya
[edit] Song
note: alternative divisions may be topical or chronological (Legges): Song, DaYa, XiaoYa, GuoFeng
[edit] Trivia
∙ Shijingcun (诗经村乡) in Xian County, Hebei, China is named after the Classic of Poetry.
[edit] Translations
∙ The Book of Odes, in The Sacred Books of China, translated by James Legge, 1879.
∙ The Book of Songs, translated by Arthur Waley, edited with additional translations by Joseph R. Allen, New York: Grove Press, 1996.
∙ Book of Poetry, translated by Xu Yuanchong (許淵沖), edited by Jiang Shengzhang (姜勝章), Hunan, China: Hunan chubanshe, 1993.
∙ The Classic Anthology Defined by Confucius, translated by Ezra Pound, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954.
∙ The Book of Odes, translated by Bernhard Karlgren, Stockholm: The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, 1950.
[edit] See also
∙ Guan ju (The first ode of Guo Feng, Zhou Nan)
[edit] Notes
1. ^ Ebrey 1993, pp. 11-13
2. ^ de Bary 1960, p. 3
3. ^ Ebrey 1993, pp. 11-13
4. ^ Ebrey 1993, pp. 11-13
5. ^ de Bary 1960, p. 3
[edit] References
∙ de Bary, William Theodore, Wing-Tsit Chan, Burton Watson, Yi-Pao Mei, Leon Hurvitz, T'ung-Tsu Ch'u and John Meskill (1960). Sources of Chinese Tradition: Volume I. Columbia University Press.
∙ Ebrey, Patricia (1993). Chinese Civilisation: A Sourcebook Second Edition. The Free Press.
[edit] External links
∙ Legge's translation of the Book of Songs at Chinese text initiative
∙ The Book of Odes in Chinese arrayed with James Legge translation.
∙ Shiijing with Mao prefaces and Zhu Xi commentary by Harrison Huang
∙ Legge's translation of the Book of Songs at the Internet Sacred Text Archive.
【概要】这是一首恋曲，表达对女子的爱慕，并渴望永结伴侣。
关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。 参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。 参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。参差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。
【注释】 01、关关：指雌雄两鸟相对鸣叫 02、雎鸠(JuJiu)：一种鱼鹰类的水鸟，传说此鸟雌雄终生相守。 03、洲：水中陆地 04、窈窕(YaoTiao)：娴静端正的样子 05、淑女：贤德的女子。淑，善 06、君子：对男子的美称 07、好逑：好的配偶 08、参差：长短不齐的样子 09、荇(Xing)菜：一种根生水中、叶浮水面的可食用植物 10、流之：随着水流而摇摆的样子 11、寤寐(WuMei)：指日夜。寤，睡醒；寐，睡着。 12、求：追求 13、悠：长久 14、辗转反侧：躺在床上翻来覆去睡不着 15、芼(Mao)：采摘第六篇 桃夭 【概要】祝贺婚姻幸福。
桃之夭夭，灼灼其华。之子于归，宜其室家。 桃之夭夭，有蕡其实。之子于归，宜其家室。 桃之夭夭，其叶蓁蓁。之子于归，宜其家人。
【注释】 01、夭夭：桃花含苞貌。一说形容茂盛而艳丽，或说少壮的样子。 02、灼灼(Zhuo)：鲜明貌 03、之子：这个人 04、归：妇人谓嫁曰归；于归，古时称女子出嫁。 05、宜：仪。《尔雅》注“仪：善也”，此句说欢喜高兴成了家。 06、室家：夫妇。男子有妻曰有室，女子有夫为有家。 07、有蕡(Fen)：有，作语气助词，无实义。蕡，《集传》注“蕡：实之盛也”，即果实成熟长大的样子。 08、蓁蓁(Zhen)：草木茂盛貌
【概要】写丈夫对故妻的怀念。
绿兮衣兮，绿衣黄里。心之忧矣，曷维其已！ 绿兮衣兮，绿衣黄裳。心之忧矣，曷维其亡！ 绿兮丝兮，女所治兮。我思古人，俾无訧兮！ 絺兮綌兮，凄其以风。我思古人，实获我心！
【注释】 01、里：余冠英《选择》“‘里’，在里面的衣服，即指下章‘黄裳’的裳。从上下说，衣在上，裳在下；从内外说，衣在外，裳在里。” 02、已：止 03、亡：停止，或“忘” 04、治：织 05、古人：故人 06、俾(Bi)：使 07、訧(You)：通“尤”，过失、罪过 08、絺(Chi)綌(Xi)：细葛布、粗葛布
【概要】弃妇的哀怨：申述自己的勤劳，控诉丈夫的无情。
习习谷风，以阴以雨。黾勉同心，不宜有怒。采葑采菲，无以下体。德音莫违，及尔同死。 行道迟迟，中心有违。不远伊迩，薄送我畿。谁谓荼苦，其甘如荠。宴尔新昏，如兄如弟。 泾以渭浊，湜湜其沚。宴尔新昏，不我屑以。毋逝我梁，毋发我笱。我躬不阅，遑恤我后。 就其深矣，方之舟之。就其浅矣，泳之游之。何有何亡，黾勉求之。凡民有丧，匍匐救之。 不我能慉，反以我为雠，既阻我德，贾用不售。昔育恐育鞫，及尔颠覆。既生既育，比予于毒。 我有旨蓄，亦以御冬。宴尔新昏，以我御穷。有洸有溃，既诒我肄。不念昔者，伊余来墍。
【注释】
01、谷风：东风，或说来自山谷的风 02、黾(Min)勉：努力 03、葑(Feng)：蔓菁，俗名大头菜 04、菲：罗卜一类的菜 05、下体：根茎，此说不会嫌弃根茎在地下 06、德音莫违：好的品质不要背弃 07、及尔同死：与你白头偕老 08、中心有违：心中不情愿 09、迩：近 10、薄：急急忙忙 11、畿(Ji)：门坎、门槛 12、荼(Tu)：苦菜 13、荠(Ji)：荠菜，味甜 14、宴尔新昏：快乐新婚，宴，快乐；昏，婚 15、泾以渭浊：渭水因为泾水的对比显得混浊。泾渭本分明，泾水清，渭水浑。 16、湜(Shi)：形容水清见底的样子 17、沚(Zhi)：水中小块陆地。或说河底；又说为止，停止。 18、不我屑以：不肯和我在一起。屑，肯。 19、逝：过去 20、梁：石堰，拦鱼的水坝 21、发：打开，一说通“拔”，弄乱。 22、笱(Gou)：捕鱼的竹篓 23、阅：容纳 24、遑：闲暇，此说哪里来得及 25、恤(Xu)：顾虑、怜悯 26、就其深矣：在它深时 27、方：筏，此作动词用筏渡河 28、舟：动词用船渡河 29、泳：潜水渡过 30、何有何亡：无论有还是没有 31、民：人，此指邻 32、丧：灾难、困难 33、匍匐救之：爬过去救助。匍匐，爬行。 34、慉(Xu)：爱，此句说不再爱我 35、雠：仇人 36、阻：拒绝 37、贾(Gu)用：买卖货物 38、育：生活，一说应为有(又) 39、鞫(Ju)：穷困 40、颠覆：生活艰难困苦，一说为夫妻交合之事。颠，跌倒；覆，翻倒。 41、既生既育：既然已经生育 42、比予于毒：把我看成毒药 43、旨蓄：美味的腌菜 44、洸(Guang)：水势汹涌貌，此处形容凶暴。 45、溃：水冲破堤防貌，此处形容发怒的样子。 46、既、诒、肄：既，尽；诒，同贻，赠送，遗留；肄：劳苦。 47、伊：唯 48、墍(Ji)：休息。一说为“慰”的假借字，指爱。此句说曾经也爱过我来着。
【概要】女子思念情人。
青青子衿，悠悠我心。纵我不往，子宁不嗣音？ 青青子佩，悠悠我思。纵我不往，子宁不来？ 挑兮达兮，在城阙兮。一日不见，如三月兮。
【注释】 01、子：男子的美称 02、衿(Jin)：衣领 03、悠悠：久远、闲散 04、宁：岂，难道 05、嗣音：传音讯。嗣，《韩诗》作“诒”。“诒，寄也。曾不寄问也” 06、佩：佩玉 07、挑兮达兮：往来轻疾貌 08、在城阙：指等在城楼上。阙，宫门前两边供瞭望的楼，泛指帝王住所。
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