新冠状病毒相关知识及写作范文

新冠状病毒相关英语表达及知识

【知识点】

冠状病毒（coronavirus）是一类主要引起呼吸道、肠道疾病（respiratory and intestinal diseases）的病原体。这类病毒颗粒的表面有许多规则排列的突起（a fringe of bulbous surface projections ），整个病毒颗粒就像一顶帝王的皇冠（royal crown），因此得名“冠状病毒”。冠状病毒除人类以外，还可感染猪、牛、猫、犬、貂、骆驼、蝙蝠、老鼠、刺猬等多种哺乳动物以及多种鸟类（mammals and birds）。

【关于新型冠状病毒】

2019-nCoV, as it’s been labelled, is understood to be a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously been identified in humans.

这种新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）此前未在人类身上发现过。

Coronaviruses are a broad family of viruses, but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people.

冠状病毒是一个庞大的病毒家族，目前已知会感染人类的有六种（新发现的这种是第七种）。

【相关词汇】

新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus / new strain of coronavirus 

呼吸道疾病 respiratory diseases

禽流感病毒 avian influenza virus

密切接触者 close contacts

潜伏期 incubation period

疑似病例 suspected case

确诊病例 confirmed case

得肺炎 get/catch pneumonia

接受医学观察 under medical observation
流行病学调查 epidemiological investigation

病毒爆发 virus outbreak

遏制疫情爆发 contain the outbreak

严格隔离政策 strict isolation policy

携带病毒 carrying the virus
超级传染源 superspreader

医疗费用报销 reimbursement for medical expenses 

中国大部分地区(口罩)供应紧张 tight supplies in large areas of China 

人传人 human-to-human transmission

医务人员感染 infection of medical worker

【相关报道】

Scientists believe an animal source is “the most likely primary source” but that some human-to-human transmission has occurred.

科学家认为动物是“最有可能的初始感染源”，不过，也有一些人传人的病例。

Signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.感染症状包括：呼吸道症状，发烧，咳嗽，呼吸短促，呼吸困难等。

 
【阅读理解】
A new Chinese coronavirus, a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 1000 people since the outbreak (爆发） began in Wuhan, China, in December. Scientist Leo Poon, who first decoded the virus, thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans.
“What we know is it causes pneumonia （肺炎） and then doesn’t respond to antibiotic（抗生素） treatment, which is not surprising, but then in terms of mortality （死亡率）, SARS kills 10% of the individuals,” Poon, a virologist（病毒学家） at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said.
The World Health Organization offered guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it, including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients. Here are seven things you should know about a coronavirus.

What is a coronavirus

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic[ˌzəʊəˈnəʊtɪk]（人畜共患病）, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Coronavirus symptoms（症状）

The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild（轻度） to moderate（中度） upper respiratory tract illness（上呼吸道疾病）, similar to a common cold. Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache and maybe a fever, which can last for a couple of days.
For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there’s a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis [brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs]（支气管炎）.
There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome（中东呼吸综合征）, also known as the MERS virus, was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems, but those symptoms are much more severe. Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died, according to the CDC. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome（严重急性呼吸综合征）, also known as SARS, is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms. First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China, according to the WHO, it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [ˌdaɪəˈriə]（腹泻）, fatigue （疲劳）, shortness of breath, respiratory distress （呼吸窘迫） and kidney failure （肾衰）. Depending on the patient's age, the death rate with SARS ranged from 0-50% of the cases, with older people being the most vulnerable.

How it spreads

Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels, according to the WHO. With SARS, scientists suspected civet cats （狸猫） were to blame.
When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person’s secretions [sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n]（分泌物）.
Depending on how virulent [ˈvɪrələnt] （有毒的）the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure. The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes. Caregivers （护理人员） can sometimes be exposed by handling a patient's waste, according to the CDC.
文章翻译

一种新的中国冠状病毒，是SARS病毒的一个堂兄弟，自去年12月在中国武汉爆发以来，已经感染了1000多人。科学家LeoPoon首先破译了这种病毒，他认为它很可能是从动物身上开始传播到人类身上的。香港大学医学院公共卫生学院的病毒学专家Poon说：“我们知道这会导致肺炎（PoT），然后对抗生素治疗无效，这并不奇怪，但就死亡率而言，SARS杀死了10%的个体。” 世界卫生组织向各国提供了如何做好准备的指导，包括如何监测病人和如何治疗病人。
关于冠状病毒你应该知道七件事。
什么是冠状病毒              

冠状病毒是一大类常见于动物的病毒。据美国疾病控制和预防中心称，在极少数情况下，它们是科学家所称的人畜共患疾病，也就是说它们可以从动物传染给人类。            

冠状病毒症状 

这种病毒能使人生病，通常是轻微（或中度）上呼吸道疾病，类似于普通感冒。冠状病毒的症状包括流鼻涕、咳嗽、喉咙痛，可能是头痛，也可能是发烧，持续几天。对于那些免疫系统弱的人，老年人和非常年轻的人来说，病毒有可能引起一种较低、更严重的呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支气管炎。             
有一些人类冠状病毒已知是致命的。                            

中东呼吸综合征（Middle East Respiratory Syndrome，简称MERS病毒）于2012年在中东首次报道，也会引起呼吸系统问题，但这些症状要严重得多。疾控中心称，每10名感染MERS的患者中就有3至4人死亡。严重急性呼吸综合征（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome，简称SARS）是另一种能引起更严重症状的冠状病毒。据世卫组织称，首次发现于中国南方的广东省，它会引起呼吸系统问题，但也会引起腹泻、疲劳、呼吸急促、呼吸窘迫和肾衰竭。根据病人的年龄，SARS的死亡率在0-50%之间，其中老年人最易感染。 
如何传播              

病毒可以从人类与动物的接触中传播。据世界卫生组织称，科学家认为，MERS是从骆驼开始的。对于非典，科学家们怀疑是麝香猫引起的。

当涉及到人与人之间的病毒传播时，通常发生在有人接触到受感染者的分泌物时。 
根据病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露。这种病毒也可以通过触摸被感染者触摸过的东西，然后触摸你的嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。根据疾病预防控制中心（CDC）的说法，医务人员有时可以通过处理病人的废物来暴露自己。

新冠病毒写作范文+经典例句

1、倡议书

假定你是李华，当前新型冠状病毒肆虐，你受学生会委托，围绕“从小事做起，共战疫情”这一主题，为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一封倡议书。内容包括：

1. 倡议的原因和目的；

2. 倡议的具体内容；

3. 发出倡议。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus

Proposal

Dear friends,

Over the past months, the novel coronavirus has made its way around China. It has a strong impact on our life and study. In order to ease the serious condition, all students had better do as follows.First, stay at home and don’t go out unless necessary, which is beneficial to yourself and others. Second, do wear protective masks outdoors and wash hands as often as possible. And lastly, everyone ought to have a positive attitude to the campaign against the disease.We have confidence that we will win the fight soon.

The Students’ Union

Feb. 21st, 2020

【经典例句】

1 As junior high school students, it’s our duty to ...

作为初中生，……是我们的责任。

② Let’s start right now and spare no effort to do a little every day,every hour and every minute.

让我们从现在开始，每一天，每一小时，每一分钟都不遗余力地做一点。

2 Love can make miracles. 爱可以创造奇迹。

2、感谢信

假定你是李华，你所在的学校要征集一封英文感谢信，以致敬奋战在抗击新型冠状病毒第一线的医护人员。请你写一封感谢信参与投稿，内容包括：

1. 表达谢意；

2. 个人感受；

3. 表达信心。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

参考词汇：

传染病 epidemic           新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus
Dear medical workers,

I am Li Hua from an international school in Chongqing. On behalf of my school, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you all for your devotion in the battle against the novel coronavirus.

During this epidemic, it is you who, regardless of the shortage of equipment and the potential risk of infection, desperately rescue those infected. It is also you who make us build up our confidence to defeat it.

Such few words can’t fully convey our thankfulness for your great contribution. I’m definitely convinced that with our joint efforts China will win the battle and make a quick recovery.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【经典例句】

① I’m writing this letter to express my sincere thanks to you for ...

我写这封信是为了表达我对您……的真诚感谢。

② Honestly speaking, but for / without your help, I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.

老实说，没有您的帮助，我的英语不会取得如此大的进步。

③ My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words. I wish I could repay it some day.

我对您慷慨相助的感激之情难以言表，希望有一天我能够回报您的帮助。

④ Words fail me when I want to express my thanks.

感激之情难以言表。

⑤ Whenever I have difficulties, you always cheer me up and help me out.每当我遇到困难的时候，您总是让我振作起来，帮助我走出困境。

三、提建议

2019年的冬天，一种新型冠状病毒 (novel coronavirus ) 在武汉华南海鲜市场滋生，悄然从野生动物传染给人类。假定你是李华，你校英文报“人与动物”栏目拟刊登主题为“保护野生动物”的短文，邀你投稿。要求如下：

1. 介绍野生动物的现状；

2.  猎杀野生动物的后果；

3. 提出自己的建议。

注意：

1.  词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：

生态系统 ecosystem            

新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus    

传染性的 infectious

Protection of Wild Animals

At present, as a consequence of human activities, many wild animals are endangered. Worse still, some of them may disappear forever.

There is no doubt that hunting wild animals has a bad influence. For one thing, it causes the imbalance of our ecosystem. For another, it leads to the spread of infectious diseases from animals to us human beings, such as SARS and novel coronavirus.

As far as I am concerned, something must be done to stop this illegal act. Nature reserves ought to be built so as to offer more living space to wildlife. What’s more, we should never have wild animals for food, as they are part of environment.

【经典例句】

① I strongly advise you to arrive 5 minutes earlier.

我强烈建议你提前5分钟到达。

② In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______. Only in this way can we ______ in the future.

总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……的问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……

③ If every member is willing to contribute to the society, the world will be better and better.

如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个世界将会变得越来越好。

④ If we can not take useful measures, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is _____.

如果我们不采取有效的措施，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

四、通知

假定你是红星中学国际部的学生会主席李华，受英语老师委托为国际部的留学生写一则通知，告知他们受新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的影响，学校延期开学。

要点如下：

1. 严禁学生假期到校；

2. 远程教育、在线心理辅导；

3. 如有调整，另行通知。

注意：

1.  词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

参考词汇：

心理的 psychological

教育部 Ministry of Education

新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus

NOTICE

Prevention and control of the novel coronavirus is the top priority at present. According to the announcement of Ministry of Education, the new term opening date will be postponed. Maybe after March 2nd. Before that, students are not allowed to go to school. Everyone is required to work out regularly and keep healthy. Online education, including online psychological guidance, will be provided during our absence from school. Please take it seriously. If there is any change, we will keep you informed ahead of time.

The Students’ Union

Feb. 21st, 2020

【经典例句】

① Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.

同学们，请注意。我有事情要通知。（常用于口头通知的开头）

② In order to enrich students’ school  life, the Students’ Union is going to ..., which mainly focuses on ...

为了丰富学生的校园生活，学生会计划……主要聚焦……

3 Everybody is required to attend it on time.

要求全员按时参加。 

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