英语语法主要知识整理
一、一般疑问句。
1.be动词、情态动词变一般疑问句。把be动词或情态动词(can、may、must…)提前。
例:He can swim. → Can he swim?
2.实意动词变一般疑问句。在句首加 do、does或 did后用动词原形。
二、反义疑问句。
前半个句子一般疑问句的前两个词,主语用人称代词。(前肯后否)
The boy likes drwing,doesn’t he?
含有否定意义的词:hardly、never、few、little、seldom。
三、
当从句的主语与主句的主语相同或在前面提过时,去掉;从句中有助动词、be动词或情态动词时去掉,去情态动词加“to”。
例:The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
→The boy is too young to go to schoo.
四、
表示前边所说情况同样适合后者,用so+一般疑问语序。
↗ I am a student,too.
例:He is a student → So am I.
↘Me,too.
否定句中用neither。
He doesn’t like readily,neither does his father.
当主语指同一个人时,用陈述语序“的确如此”。
例:We are tired,so we are.
→We are tired,so are they.
五、感叹句:
1、What/How……!
例:It is a beautiful flower.
→What a beautiful flower it is!
→How beautiful the flower is!
2、冠词(a、an、the)在形容词之前用what;冠词在adj.之后用how;没有冠词时,看adj.有无名词,有名词用what,没有名词用how。
例:They are beautiful flowers.
→What beautiful flowers they are!
3、Such的用法与感叹句中的what相同。
六、现在完成时:have/has+ done(v.+ ed )
1、表示从过去开始,一直持续到现在的一个动作或状态。常与表示一般时间的时间状语连用:for+时间段;since+时间点,these days、in the last four years。
↗ for ten years.
例:We have lived here →since ten years ago.
有些动词不能够延续:buy、get、leave、many、die、begin、join……, 但可以用其状态。
2、过去发生的事对现在造成的影响。
例:He lost his ticket.
→ He has lost his ticket,so he can’t get into the cinema.
常与already、yet、never、ever、just等连用。
例:I have already read it.
Have you ever been to Hainan?
七、过去进行:Was/Were+doing
1、当一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。
例:When I get home,my brother was watching TV.
当一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作发生了。
例:While my brother was watching TV,I got home.
2、当一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作也在同时进行。
例:While my brother was watching TV,I was cooking.
3、把过去的一个时间进一步具体时,用过去进行。
例:He playing baseball yesterday.
→He was playing baseball at 9:00 yesterday.
八、直接引语变间接引语
(一)
1、原句(引号内)是陈述句用that引导(可以省)
例:He said,“I will go to Beijing”
→He said(told us) that he would go to Beijing.
2、原句是一般问句用whether或if引导,后用陈述。
例:They asked,“Are you a doctor?”
→They asked me if/whether I was a doctor.
3、原句是特殊问句,保留特殊疑问词,后用陈述。
例:I asked him,“Where is your homework?”
→I asked him where his homework was.
4、原句是祈使句时,借助动词不定式(to do)。
(去掉主语you,和情态动词)
例:He said,“Don’t play in the street.”
→ He told/asked us not to play in the street.
(二)
1、当主语的谓语动词是过去时态,从句也要改用过去的某种形式。
例:He said,“I am reading”→He said that he was reading.
2、真理不变。
(三)一随主,二随宾,第三人称不改变。
(四)时间状语、地点状语改变。
now→then here→there
九、主动→被动 be+ done
例:He speaks English→He went to the store with her.
English is spoken by him.
1、找到原句的宾语变成新句子的主语。
2、找到be的适当形式要根据原句的事态,新句子的主语。
3、将原句动词变为过去分词。
十、对划线部分提问:
用特殊疑问词代替划线部分,将剩余部分变为一般疑问句。
1、 问动作用what…do(随原动词形式)。
2、 问时间when、what time、how long、how soon。
3、 问人用who(主)、whom(宾)、whose(形容词性物主代词)。
4、 问物、事,一组数字用what。
5、 问地点用where。
6、 问原因用why。
7、 问年龄用how old、what’s the age of…?
8、 问长度用how long ,距离用how far,频率用how often。
十一、冠词(a、an、the)、指示代词(this、that、these、those)、形容词性物主代词(my、your、her、his、its)、名词所有格(Bob’s、Kate’s ……)只用其中一个。
当名词前有了冠词时,不再用指示代词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
十二、虚拟语气:不可能实现的愿望或与事实相反的一种假设。
例:If it rains today,I will stay at home.
If it rained money,I would go out.
If I were you,I would have have a party.
从句用过去式,主句用情态动词的过去式+动词原形。
十三、定语从句。
对第二个句子相同的名词/代词画线提问(问物用that/which)。
十四、
人 | 主格 | I | you | he | she | it | we | they |
宾格 | me | you | him | her | it | us | them | |
物 | 形容词 | my | your | his | her | its | our | their |
名词性 | mine | yours | his | hers | its | ours | theirs | |
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词
本文来源:https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/a2bbfb290066f5335a81216c.html
文档为doc格式