初中英语语法知识点

发布时间:2020-10-28 02:59:34   来源:文档文库   
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英语语法主要知识整理

一、一般疑问句。

1.be动词、情态动词变一般疑问句。把be动词或情态动词(canmaymust…)提前。

例:He can swim. Can he swim

2.实意动词变一般疑问句。在句首加 dodoes did后用动词原形。

二、反义疑问句。

前半个句子一般疑问句的前两个词,主语用人称代词。(前肯后否)

The boy likes drwingdoesnt he

含有否定意义的词:hardlyneverfewlittleseldom

三、

当从句的主语与主句的主语相同或在前面提过时,去掉;从句中有助动词、be动词或情态动词时去掉,去情态动词加“to”。

例:The boy is so young that he cant go to school.

The boy is too young to go to schoo.

四、

表示前边所说情况同样适合后者,用so+一般疑问语序。

I am a studenttoo.

例:He is a student So am I.

Metoo.

否定句中用neither

He doesn’t like readilyneither does his father.

当主语指同一个人时,用陈述语序“的确如此”。

例:We are tiredso we are.

We are tiredso are they.

五、感叹句:

1What/How……!

例:It is a beautiful flower.

What a beautiful flower it is

How beautiful the flower is

2、冠词(aanthe)在形容词之前用what;冠词在adj.之后用how;没有冠词时,看adj.有无名词,有名词用what,没有名词用how

例:They are beautiful flowers.

What beautiful flowers they are

3Such的用法与感叹句中的what相同。

六、现在完成时:have/has+ donev.+ ed

1、表示从过去开始,一直持续到现在的一个动作或状态。常与表示一般时间的时间状语连用:for+时间段;since+时间点,these daysin the last four years

for ten years.

例:We have lived here since ten years ago.

有些动词不能够延续:buygetleavemanydiebeginjoin……, 但可以用其状态。

2、过去发生的事对现在造成的影响。

例:He lost his ticket.

He has lost his ticketso he cant get into the cinema.

常与alreadyyetnevereverjust等连用。

例:I have already read it.

Have you ever been to Hainan

七、过去进行:Was/Were+doing

1、当一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。

例:When I get homemy brother was watching TV.

当一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作发生了。

例:While my brother was watching TVI got home.

2、当一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作也在同时进行。

例:While my brother was watching TVI was cooking.

3、把过去的一个时间进一步具体时,用过去进行。

例:He playing baseball yesterday.

He was playing baseball at 900 yesterday.

八、直接引语变间接引语

(一)

1、原句(引号内)是陈述句用that引导(可以省)

例:He said,“I will go to Beijing

He saidtold us that he would go to Beijing.

2、原句是一般问句用whetherif引导,后用陈述。

例:They asked,Are you a doctor?”

They asked me if/whether I was a doctor.

3、原句是特殊问句,保留特殊疑问词,后用陈述。

例:I asked him,“Where is your homework?”

I asked him where his homework was.

4、原句是祈使句时,借助动词不定式(to do)。

(去掉主语you,和情态动词)

例:He said,“Dont play in the street.

He told/asked us not to play in the street.

(二)

1、当主语的谓语动词是过去时态,从句也要改用过去的某种形式。

例:He said,“I am readingHe said that he was reading.

2、真理不变。

(三)一随主,二随宾,第三人称不改变。

(四)时间状语、地点状语改变。

nowthen herethere

九、主动→被动 be+ done

例:He speaks EnglishHe went to the store with her.

English is spoken by him.

1找到原句的宾语变成新句子的主语

2找到be的适当形式要根据原句的事态,新句子的主语

3、将原句动词变为过去分词。

十、对划线部分提问:

用特殊疑问词代替划线部分,将剩余部分变为一般疑问句。

1、 问动作用whatdo(随原动词形式)

2、 问时间whenwhat timehow longhow soon

3、 问人用who(主)、whom(宾)、whose(形容词性物主代词)。

4、 问物、事,一组数字用what

5、 问地点用where

6、 问原因用why

7、 问年龄用how oldwhats the age of?

8、 问长度用how long ,距离用how far,频率用how often

十一、冠词(aanthe)、指示代词(thisthatthesethose)、形容词性物主代词(myyourherhisits)、名词所有格(BobsKate’s ……)只用其中一个。

当名词前有了冠词时,不再用指示代词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。

十二、虚拟语气:不可能实现的愿望或与事实相反的一种假设。

例:If it rains todayI will stay at home.

If it rained moneyI would go out.

If I were youI would have have a party.

从句用过去式,主句用情态动词的过去式+动词原形。

十三、定语从句。

对第二个句子相同的名词/代词画线提问(问物用that/which)。

十四、







主格

主语

I

you

he

she

it

we

they

宾格

宾语

me

you

him

her

it

us

them







形容词

性物代

my

your

his

her

its

our

their

名词性

物代

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

theirs

形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词

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