名词性从句

名词性从句

要点精析

一、名词性从句的句法功能

名词性从句在句法上相当于一个名词，因此，它可以作为句子的主语、宾语、表语，以及名词的同位语。

1．主语从句

That_the_earth_goes_around_the_sun is certain.

地球围绕太阳转是确定无疑的。

Who_will_be_the_next_president_of_our_country is still hard to say.

谁将成为我们国家的下任总统很难说有时为了避免头重脚轻，用it充当形式主语，把主语从句放到句末。

It is still hard to say who_will_be_the_ next_president_ of_our_country.

谁将成为我们国家的下任总统很难说。

It is a pity that_you_missed_such_a_wonderful_match.

你错过了观看如此精彩的比赛真遗憾。

另外，如果从句是一个完整的句子，仍要用that引导，不可省略。

That_the_earth_is_round is known to all.

众所周知，地球是圆的。

例　(2011·江苏，26)It was never clear________the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.

A．that B.how C．when D．why

2．宾语从句

We all know that_the_earth_is_round.

我们都知道地球是圆的。

We suppose that_running_water_is_pure_and_clean.

我们认为自来水很纯净。

宾语从句也常由it替代，真正的宾语放在句尾。

We take it for granted that_running_water_ is_pure_ and_clean.

我们认为自来水很纯净。

I hate it when_people_smoke_before_me.

我厌恶人们在我面前抽烟。

例　(2011·江西，26)The villagers have already known ________ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.

A．this　　B．that　　C．what　　D．which

3．表语从句

The problem is that_we_don't_have_much_time_left.

问题是我们剩下的时间很少。

My question is who_is_responsible_for_all_this.

我的问题是谁对这事负责。

例　(2010·江苏泰兴市朝中调研)—Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?

—No, that's________they are mistaken.

A．where　　B．when　　C．so　　D．how

4．同位语从句

同位语从句用来解释说明前面的名词，通常由本身无意义的连词that引导，通常不可省略。一般在fact, news, idea, hope, doubt, fear, belief, dream, plan, advice, suggestion, decision等名词后有同位语从句，具体说明这些名词的内容。

We were shocked at the news that_dozens_of_miners _were_killed_in_this_mine_accident.

许多名矿工死于矿难，我们对这个消息感到震惊。

Word came that_there_would_be_another_ hurricane_ coming.

据说将会有另一场飓风。

There is no doubt that_he_is_the_best_person_for_ this_ position.

毫无怀疑，他是这个位置的最佳人选。

例　(2011·天津，13)Modern science has given clear evidence______smoking can lead to many diseases.

A．what　　 B．which　　

C．that　　 D．where

二、名词性从句的连接词

名词性从句由从属连词引导，有如下几类：

1．由本身没意义但在从句中不充当任何语法成分的连词that引导。

He told me that he would come to visit us on Sunday.

他告诉我他将在星期天来拜访我们。

The teacher suggested that the students buy the books.

这个老师建议学生买这些书。

2．由具有意义但在从句中不担当成分的连词whether或if引导。

I don't know whether he will go with us or not.

我不知道他是否和我们一块去。

He asked me whether I would accept him as a new member.

他问我是否能把他作为一名新成员接受他。

例　(2010·海淀模拟)Kevin consulted his teacher about________he should study abroad after graduation.

Awhether Bwhere Cwhen D．that

3．由带疑问意义的连接副词或连接代词who, when, where, how, which, whose等引导。

I don't know who will take his place if he leaves.

我不知道如果他离职谁将接替他。

We all know when and where the next Olympic Games will be held.

我们都知道下届奥运会将在何时何地举办。

4．由连接代词what引导。

I don't know what he really likes.

我不知道他到底喜欢什么。

What he said proved true.

他所说的被证实是真的。

what作为连接代词，承担两重任务：连接句子和代替从句缺少的成分(可以代替从句主语、宾语和表语)。

What I want for the moment is a car.(主语从句中，what是want的宾语)

我此刻想要的是一辆汽车。

What is left undone will be carried on by us.(主语从句中what是主语)

未做完的工作将由我们继续做。

The city today is no longer what it was 5 years ago.(表语从句中，what是表语)

今天的这个城市不再是它5年前的样子了。

what在句子中除了可以代物(something)，还可以代人、时间、地点等。

Please tell me what you want./Please tell me the thing that you want.(what指物)

请告诉我你想要什么。

He is what is known as walking dictionary, for he knows every word you don't know.(what指人)

他就是人们所知的活字典，因为每个你不认识的字他都认识。

After a long journey, they finally arrived at what is now Boston.(what指地点)

经过长途跋涉，他们终于到达今天的波士顿。

例　(2011·北京，22)________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

A. Which B. What

C. That D. Whom

运用提升

1．(2011·山东，26)I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is________he never finishes anything.

A. that B. when

C. where D. why

2．(2011·山东，33)We've offered her the job, but I don't know________ she'll accept it.

A. where B. what

C. whether D. which

3．(2011·陕西，15)I'd like to start my own business—that's________I'd do if I had the money.

A．why B．when

C．which D．what

4．(2011·安徽，33)His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out _______he is trying to express.

A. that B. how

C. who D. what

5．(2011·辽宁，32)When the news came______the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.

A．since B．which

C．that D．because

6．(2011·重庆，22)It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

A．whether B．when

C．which D．where

7．(2011·海淀第二学期期末，28)It remains unknown ________ the peace talk between the two countries is going to lead.

A．where B．when

C．how D．why

8．(2011·海淀期中，34)Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office. That's ________ President Obama works.

A．why B．where

C．what D．how

9．(2011·东城练习二，28)One advantage of owing your own car is ________ you can go anywhere at any time you like.

A．when B．why

C．what D．that

10．(2011·西城二模，28)As a matter of fact, ________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.

A．where B．why

C．which D．what

11．(2011·东北三省四市联考，25)—________ you write so well?

—By reading and keeping diaries every day.

A．How is it that

B．Is it how that

C．How it is that

D．What is it that

12．(2011·东北三省四市联考，27)It seemed to me that she was in doubt ________ Timmy lived or died.

A．why B．how

C．that D．whether

13．(2011·苏锡常镇一调，29)Golf is rapidly becoming more popular. Near some towns and cities new courses are being built in ________.

A．what is farmland

B．what farmland is

C．what farmland was

D．what was farmland

14．(2011·江西九校联考，33)So quickly are science and technology advancing ________ is a possibility today may be a reality tomorrow.

A．which B．what

C．that which D．that what

15．(2011·福建名校样本分析考试，33)We all held the view ________ the book said was right.

A．that what B．what that

C．that D．all which

16．(2011·福建质检，35)I can't figure out ________ it is that makes him so difficult at school.

A．how B．what

C．why D．which

17．(2011·西安八校联考，16)________ I regret most is that I have promised to make friends with the dishonest girl.

A．How B．What

C．Where D．That

18．(2011·成都三诊，20)Mobile phone users have developed a series of symbols, such as and to show ________ they feel.

A．which B．when

C．how D．why

19．(2011·承德一模，17)The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed at the strange bottles containing ________ they referred to as “English air”．

A．which B．that

C．how D．what

20．(2011·商丘二模，28)I would appreciate ________ you could give me some advice on learning English.

A．it whether B．it if

C．that when D．that if

链接高考：

1.（2010湖北）The news ________________________________ has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)

房价将要下跌的消息已经使得很多人以较低的价格卖掉了自己的房子。

2. ________________________________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. (occur)

我从来不曾想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。

3. What the doctors really doubt is ________________________________ from the serious disease soon. (recover)

医生们非常怀疑的是我妈妈是否会很快从这么严重的疾病中恢复过来。

4. ________________________________ was that she never lost heart in the face of difficulties. (impress)

给我印象最深的是她面对困难从不灰心丧气。

5. Whatever you have picked up, you should give it back to ________________________________. (belong)

无论你捡到什么东西，你都应该物归原主。

6. An umbrella was lying at the access to the hall, but I had no idea ________________________________, so I picked it up and handed it to the girl at the reception desk. (be)

一把伞躺在大厅门口，但我不知道是谁的，所以我把它捡了起来交给了接待处的那个女孩。

7. The kids are not interested in this subject, which is ________________________________. (lie)

孩子们对这门功课不感兴趣，这是问题所在。

8. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ________________________________. (make)

她的话让我很吃惊，这是我意识到自己犯了一个多么严重的错误。

9. A proverb goes that: Air is to man ________________________________, which indicates the great significance of air in our life. (what)

有句谚语说，空气对于人就像水对于鱼一样重要，这表明了空气在我们生活中的重要性。

10. Mo Yan took up novel writing for decades and won the first Noble Prize for Chinese eventually. He says that this is ________________________________. (devote)

莫言从事小说创作几十年并最终为中国人赢得了第一枚诺贝尔奖。他说这是他毕生致力做的事情。

11. ____________________________ between the professor and my client is none of your business. (happen)

无论教授和我的客户之间发生了什么都不管你的事儿。

12 ____________________________ that Africa had contacts with India from the earliest times. (know)

众所周知，非洲从远古时期就与印度有往来。

13. ____________________________, it can’t convey the poet’s meaning as precisely as the original one. (translate)

无论一首诗翻译的有多好，它也无法象原作那样准确的传达诗人要表达的含义。

14. The prize is said to be given to ____________________________ in this field. (whoever)

奖励据说要授予任何在该领域做出巨大突破的人。

15. ____________________________ was that after the hurricane hit the city, it rained cats and dogs for a fortnight on end. (make)

让事情更糟糕的是，飓风过后城里连续下了两周的大雨。

完型填空：

When I was a college student, I did a lot of traveling abroad. That was because a professor 1 me to do so. She said, “Now it is time for you to travel around the world, 2 your knowledge through actual experiences and have fun. ” I 3 her.

Since I started to work for a 4 company, however, I have done most of my traveling through the Internet. By using the Internet, I have seen the 5 of many cities on my computer screen. And I have really made business 6 , too. With the help of the Internet, I have also got 7 about food in different countries.

Therefore, I was beginning to feel that actual trips were 8 necessary when I happened to read a famous chef’s (厨师) comment on the Internet. He said, “It is very difficult to have real Italian food in a foreign country, because we enjoy food and the 9 around us at the same time. So why don’t you fly over to Italy and enjoy real Italian 10 ? ”Those words reminded me of my 11 advice. As information technology 12 , you might be able to do without making some real trips. But this also means that you will miss the various 13 you can get from traveling.

Today there are people who 14 direct communication with others and spend much of their time on the Internet. It is not surprising to see a group of people 15 not with each other but on their micro phones. It seems as if such people are 16 by an invisible wall. They seem to be losing out on a good chance to 17 and talk with other people. I do not think that they are taking good advantage of information technology. We should use information technology as a tool to make our daily 18 more fruitful. However, we should never let it 19 our time for face-to-face communication. Let’s make use of information technology more 20 , and have great fun in experiencing the actual world.

1. A. promised B. allowed

C. hurried D. encouraged

2. A. build up B. use up

C. hurry up D. look up

3. A. agreed with B. learned from

C. disagreed with D. talked with

4. A. computer B. food

C. clothing D. machine

5. A. life B. rivers C. sights D. houses

6. A. plans B. bargain C. progress D. trips

7. A. information B. taste

C. cooks D. feelings

8. A. even more B. no longer

C. much D. actually

9. A. people B. drink

C. atmosphere D. environment

10. A. shoes B. dishes

C. customers D. situations

11. A. friend’s B. parents’

C. professor’s D. boss’s

12. A. produces B. advertises

C. forms D. advances

13. A. news B. pleasures

C. troubles D. places

14. A. avoid B. keep C. lose D. enjoy

15. A. meeting B. talking

C. saying D. traveling

16. A. stopped B. met

C. surrounded D. hurt

17. A. see B. employ C. travel D. meet

18. A. communication B. study

C. work D. action

19. A. spare B. increase C. reduce D. use

20. A. wisely B. correctly C. quickly D. slowly

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