翻译

发布时间:2014-07-02 13:44:22   来源:文档文库   
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一.商业实务英语(商务英语)的定义

商务英语是商务环境中使用的英语,它是专门用途英语(English for Specific Purposes 或English for Special Purposes, 简称ESP)的一种。

商业实务包括人们在现代商业及相关的一切领域(如交通、运输、通讯、工程、房产等)的交易、交往活动;主要有合同、标书、信函、谈判文件、公司和产品介绍以及订单、通知、告示等。文体上属于应用文体。

Dear Sirs

We are pleased to inform you that the goods under your order 28A46 have been shipped to

you today per Peace. Our custom is to accept payment by L/C(信用证).But in view of our long business relation, we will make an exception this time and accept payment by D/P (document against payment付款交单) sight draft(即期汇票). You are requested to honor our draft on presentation.

Thank you again for your order.

Yours truly,

John Smith

敬启者:

很高兴通知贵方,28A46号订单下的货物今天装“和平”轮运出。

我们的惯例是以信用证方式付款,但鉴于我们长期的贸易关系,我们此次破例接受付款交单 的即期汇票。一经提示,请贵方马上兑付我们的汇票。

再次感谢贵方的订货。

约翰.史密斯 敬上

I. 商务英语词汇语言特点

不管是口语表达还是书面表达,也不管是英语表达还是汉语表达,商务语言都应遵循 3c”的原则,

清楚(clearness)简洁(conciseness)礼貌(courtesy

西方商界普遍认同的“CBS”话语风,

清晰(clarity)扼要(brevity)真实(sincerity

2.变换语法形式,增强语气效果。

1)在否定句中加入一些修饰性的词语,可以使语气和缓,语意含蓄,翻译时要突出这些修饰性词语。这些修饰性词语包括:

①表达程度的模糊限 really, always, quite, too, exactly, particularly 等);②说明事实的模糊性短语(如 as you [may/ probably] know/notice, as a rule 等);

③表达遗憾或其它的词语(如 unfortunately, sorry, frankly, by the way 等)。

2)巧用被动句、条件句和疑问句,间接委婉地提出要求或愿望

英译汉时,被动句的标志词一般不宜译出,而条件句的标志词则要强调;问句一般用“是否”,“可否”,“能否”,或“行吗”,“怎么样”等来翻译。比如:

We wish to remind you that the payment of last shipment hasnt been fulfilled.

译文1:你方尚未付清上笔货款.

译文2:贵方能否尽快付清上笔货款?

四、正式性

商务英语用词一般不会过于口语化, 即使是商务信函, 也不会有太多口语化的句子。因此, 无论是英译汉还是汉译英均不能使用过多非正式的语言。有些商务文书, 如意向书、协议书等, 因其具有规范性、约束力等公文性质, 常会使用一些很正式的、冷僻的词。

......之前:多用“prior to”或者“previous to”一般不用“before

“因为”多用“by virtue of”、“due to”一般不用“because of

“关于”不 用“about;而用“as regards,concerning”或“relating to

实上”不用“in fact”用“in effect,

“开始”不用“start”或“begin;用“commencement,

“停止”不用“stop”用“cease

“愿意做”不用“want to do”用“intend to do”或“desire to do

商务英语常使用很多专业术语, 这些商务术语是在多年商务的发展中积累形成的, 多具有特定的含义。这些术语的使用, 使商务合作双方都便于理解, 且不会产生异议。如

Act of God不可抗力 letter of credit信用证 stock(n.)存货

repeat order重复订购 confirmed L/C (n.)保兑信用证 negotiable 可兑现的B/L:Bill of lading 提单 holding company 控股公司 Devaluation (货币)贬值

Letter of Guarantee银行保函

经济方面的:

demand curve需求曲线 bottleneck restrictions瓶颈制约

inflation 通货膨胀 kitty 凑集的资金

II. 商务英语句法特点与翻译

英语句法的特点是结构严谨完备,并以动词为核心,重形合轻意合。英语和汉语在句子结构和语序上基本对应的句子很少,因此翻译时,常常需要将原句结构作较大的改变。

1、多用长句:

1As we now desire to have the shipment insured at your end, we shall be pleased if you will arrange to insure the goods on our behalf against All Risks at invoice value plus 10%, i.e.USD 2,200.00.

我们现在想把这批货在贵处保险。如果您能代我们按发票金额加10%,即2,200.00 美元,投保一切险,我们将很高兴

2After all, only a few years earlier the company had successfully opened a Disney theme park in Japan, bridging the enormous differences between Japanese and American cultures. EuroDisney, at least initially, proved to be another story entirely.

几年前,公司弥合了日美文化的巨大差异,在日本成功建立了一家迪斯尼主题乐园。但在欧洲建立迪斯尼乐园却完全是另一番情景,至少先期阶段并不成功。

原文的bridging the enormous differences between Japanese and American cultures根据逻辑关系放在了主句谓语动词之前才符合事物发展的逻辑顺序。at least initially放在句末起补充说明的作用。

2. 多用被动语态:

在汉语中,被动句的使用非常有限,而在商务英语中,被动句的使用要明显多于汉语。如:

Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibit.

参观者请勿触摸展览品。

The market report was enclosed in our letter of August 21.

市场报告是附在我们821日信内寄出的。

Your email of February 6 sent to our head office in Shanghai has been passed on to us for attention and reply.

贵方26日发给我们上海总公司的电子邮件已经交给我们处理并答复。

一年了,你们没有给我们任何订单。

Version 1: For more than a year you have not given us any order.

Version 2: For more than a year, no order has been given to us.被动语态在商务英语中的应用也很广。其翻译方法大体可分为四类。

(1)译为定语。

We are well established as a manufacturer of Chemical Products and our goods are enjoying high reputation for their excellent quality.

本公司是信誉良好的化学制品厂商,由于品质优良,产品广受好评)

(2)译成汉语中的被动句。汉语中的被动句通常以“由字句”“受字句”等形式出现。

Your name and address have been given to us by The China External Trade Development Council(外贸协会).

我方已由外贸协会获悉贵公司的名称与地址。

(3) 用施动者作主语译为主动句。有时英语中的被动句已给出了施动者,这时可以直接译为主语;在没有给出施动者的情况下,可以推测出施动者然后译为主动句。

: Your firm has been recommended to me by Citizen Co. Of Singapore, with whom we have done business for many years.

与敝公司有多年生意来往的新加坡Citizen公司,已把贵公司推荐给我们。

(4)译成无主句。与英语相比,汉语是结构比较松散的语言。在英语的书面正式语言中没有主语的句子一般比较少见,而在汉语的正式语言中,无主句却非常常用。因此在商务英语中的被动语态有时可以译为无主句。例.Your inquiry of September 10 regarding the above subject has been received.

已收到贵方910日有关以上主题的询盘。

III.商务英语的翻译原则

1. 精确

例: We shall appreciate it if you will arrange shipment by direct steamer to Odense.

改进译文:请立刻安排直达欧登塞的轮船装运货物

2. 简洁

在商务活动中,除了商业广告要诉诸情感以情动人之外,商务文本则强调以理服人, 因此原则上商务文本的翻译应该突出目的性,力图语言精练朴实客观。

: I venture to invite you to have a look at our stand, and you may rest assured that you will not be pressed to buy.

本人冒昧地邀请贵方光顾我方展台,购买与否,悉听尊便。

3. 灵活

同对于其他翻译工作的要求一样,要成功地进行商务英语翻译,同样要求译者具有扎实的英语和汉语两种语言基本功,还需要广博的专业知识。我们以商务英语翻译经常碰到的market等词构成词组为例,说明它们在使用中的区别。

: The retail list price of Party As products represents the fair market value to the consumer.

甲方产品的零售价对于顾客来讲是一种公平市价。

例:We shall write to you again once our end-users are in the market for your product.

一旦我方用户对贵方产品有需求时,我们会另函告知您。

例:We are glad to say that just now the market is in a very strong position.

我们高兴地告知贵方,现在行情上涨

.4. 专业

Should either of the parties to the contract be prevented from executing the contract by

force majeure ,such as earthquake ,flood ,fire ,war

or other unforeseen events ,and their occurrence and

consequences are unpreventable and unavoidable ,the prevented party shall notify the other party by the telegram without any delay.

译文: 任何一方因不可抗力, 如地震、洪水、战争或其他不可预见的事情, 其发生和后果是不可预见和不可避免的, 致使无力履行本合同, 受害方应立即用电报或电传通知另一方。

商品说明书的常用词汇的翻译

成分/配料Ingredients 有效期限Period of validity 功能Functions

失效日期Expiration date 主治/适应症Indications 操作程序Operating procedures

用法Usage 使用说明Directions for operation 规格Specifications

生产日期Manufacturing date 包装Package 注意事项Precautions

净含量 Net content 生产商/企业Manufacturer/Producer 保质期Shelf life

贮藏/储藏方法Storage 副作用Side effects 批准文号Ratification No.

Keys for reference:

(1) It is resistant to high temperature and heat.

本产品耐高温、抗高热。

(2)We are enclosing herewith an inquiry sheet.

随函寄上询价单一份。

3We thank you very much for your inquiry of 10th of May.

我们对于您510日来函询价深表谢意。

4Kindly quote us your lowest prices for the goods listed below.

请将下列货物最低价格赐知。

5We have pleasures in sending you our catalogue, which gives full information about our various products.

欣寄我方目录,提供我方各类产品的详细情况。

6We are interested in your new product and shall be pleased to have a catalog and price list.

我们对贵方的新产品甚感兴趣,希望能收到贵公司的产品目录及价目表。

(7) We place this order based on the understanding that the discount is 10%.

我们在9折的基础上向贵方下这份订单。

(8) We sincerely regret that it has caused you so much trouble.

为此给贵公司增添不少麻烦,我公司深感遗憾。

(9) We hope this matter will not affect our good relations in our future dealings.

我们谨希望此事不致影响我们今后的友好关系和交易。

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