short story: a short story is relatively a brief fictional narrative in prose.
fiction: a narrative told in prose.
open ending: in contrast to closed ending which close the story with a real end, open-ended stories can provide excellent creative writing motivation, leaving room and space for readers to imagine and create.
point of view: it is the vantage point (有利位置) from which events are presented.
Setting: it refers to the geographic location and the historical period in which a literary work is set. setting>background theme>subject
character: character means the features and trait that form the individual nature of a person, and by extension, refers to one who typifies some definite quality.
flat character: it is constructed around a single idea or quality.
methods of characterization: Directly; Indirectly; The presentation of character’s mind.
Story: it is a narrative following a series of happening in time order.
Plot: it is a narrative with an emphasis on falling on causality.
Flashback(倒叙): The writer may not present the story’s event in strict time sequence. He may plunge readers into back into the middle of the things, or choose to begin from the ending part and then move back into the past to reconstruct the events that lead up to the final outcome.
Style: It is the typical way a writer presents his language, the individual personality in the work.
Tone: The notion of speaking voice in which we express attitude.
Romanticism: A source of illumination of the world；Heart over Head；Imagination/emotion over logic and reason.
Irony(反讽): Irony is created by what is said and what readers believe to be true.
Is “setting” the same as “background”? No. “Background” just refers to the time and the place.
“setting” can mean more than “background”.
Can we readers trust the narrator all the time ? Why or why not? No. Because a narrator of a story may be reliable or unreliable, objective or subjective, fair or partial, sympathetic or detached(超脱的）, simple or sophisticated（老练的）, ignorant or insightful（富有洞察力的）.
The Gilded Age: 镀金时代In American history, the Gilded Age refers to the era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction eras of the late 19th century. But to open lands west of the Mississippi River to white settlers, the Plains Indians were pushed in a series of Indian wars onto restricted reservations.
The Victorian Age: it is of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of prosperity for the British people. the characteristics of the Victorian Age is Rural Decline; Railway Mania(狂热); Time Is Money. The events :The Industrial Revolution, The development of Science and Technology,Charles Darwin’s the theory of evolution.
THE EARLY AUTMN:
☐ This story is mostly told through
A. flashback ( 倒叙）
B. foreshadowing (预示）
C. dialogue
D. description
☐ The tone of the story revealed by the characters’ conversations, which is
A. humorous
B. sad
C. relaxed
D. angry
1) What was probably the untrue of Mary?
A. She missed the days of the past.
B. She still loved Bill
C. She worked to keep a family of three children.
D. She was satisfied with her life and job in New York.
2) Which of the following adjectives can probably best describe Bill’s attitude?
A. Emotional.
B. Indifferent.
C. Puzzled.
D. Hopeful.
3) Mary didn’t say anything when she got on the bus. Why ?
A. She had nothing to say.
B. She was disappointed in Bill.
C. She was too emotional.
D. She knew the situation was hopeless.
4) The last sentence of the story “ she forgotten…to tell him that her youngest boy was named Bill, too.” shows that
A. Mary knew she would meet Bill again some day.
B. “Bill” is a very common name.
C. Mary had been thinking about Bill and still loved him.
D. Mary was proud of her youngest son.
5) The title of the short story “Early Autumn” may suggest to the reader that
A. the bitterness of an emotional long winter was ahead.
B. it was still the bright time of one’s life, like early autumn.
C. both Mary and Bill were now middle-aged people.
D. the love between them was not as “hot” as summer days.
THE DISCUS THROWER:
1).What does the man look like?
A. strong B. weak C. dynamic D. vigorous
2).What is the best word to describe the patient?
A. hopeful B. happy C. desperate D. optimistic
3).What are the abnormal behavior for this blind and legless patient ?
A. his demand for shoes
B. having his breakfast every morning
C. plate-throwing
D. asking the nurse to feed him
4).According to the short conversation between the aide and the patient, what is the best word to describe the aide?
A. warm-hearted B. helpful C. kind D. cold
THE STORY OF AN HOUR:
Mrs. Mallard, the heroine in the short story is
A. a round character
B. flat character
In the short story, Mrs. Mallard’s sister Joseph, her husband friend Richard, and her husband Mr. Mallard are
A. main characters B. foils
C. antagonists D. protagonists
What is the best word to describe Mrs. Mallard?
A. lucky B. happy
C. brave D. wretched (可怜的）
Kate Chopin focuses on Mrs. Mallard’s presentation of ______
A. appearance B. character
C. mental conflicts D. speech
THE PRESENT:
☐ The old lady got up early to wait for her _____ from her daughter
A. Birthday present B. A mail
C. money D. Phone call
☐ How many times did her daughter Myra see her mother in these two years?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
☐ In the short story, the old lady lived _____ in these two year?
A. With her daughter Myra
B. With her daughter Enid
C. With Mrs. Morrison
D. alone
☐ The old lady’s neighbors are very _____ to her?
A. Cold
B. Indifferent
C. kind
D. unfriendly
☐ What is the birthday present from the daughter for her old mother?
A. A pair of slippers
B. A new cardigan
C. A table lamp
D. The cheque
ARABY:
1).Which adjective is NOT proper to describe the style of the short story?
A. Dreamlike B. Poetic C. Matter-of-fact D. Sentimental
2).Why does the boy want to go to the bazaar, or the “Araby”, so desperately?
A. He wants to find some romantic fufillment.
B. He wants to see exotic (奇异的) and exciting things.
C. He wants to have new experience.
D. He wants to “do something” for the girl.
3).Why do you think can be the theme of the story?
A. Real beauty is illusory and unattainable.
B. Growing up leads to loss of youthful idealism.
C. True love can not survive in the cruel world
D. Disillusion always accompanies romanticism.
4).Which is probably true about Mangan’s sister?
A. She is a young girl of rare beauty.
B. She has all the elegance because of her family and religious background.
C. She is angle-like both in appearance and in nature.
D. She is an ordinary girl but the narrator places his romantic fantasies((幻想)on her.
5).The short story ends with the sentence: “Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.” What possibly has the boy sudden realized?
A. He has been behaving foolishly.
B. The girl does not deserve so much of his affection.
C. His uncle and aunt are heartless people.
D. True beauty cannot be obtained at any cost.
THE LADY ,OR THE TIGER:
1. According to the short story, what is the best word to describe the king?
A. justice. B. semi-barbaric. C. mercy. D. wise.
2. Why did the king build the king’s arena?
A. To give the people an opportunity of watching the fights between the gladiators.(角斗士)
B. To enable the people to view the conflicts between religious opinions and hungry jaws(无聊的空话).
C. To decide the criminal to be punished or rewarded.
D. To make his kingdom more beautiful.
3. In the short story, the writer gives us many clues(线索) about the princess’s character. What does her personality seem to be?
A. Sweet and lovely.
B. Shy and timid.(胆小的)
C. Generous and kind-hearted.
D. Hot-blooded and semi-barbaric like the king.
4. What is the king’s attitude toward his daughter’s love affaire?
A. opponent B. supportive. C. indifferent. D. understanding.
5. In the end, to drop a hint (暗示) to her lover, to which direction did the princess point ?
A. The left. B. The right. C. The middle. D. Somewhere else.
THE ACORN—GATHERER:
☐ The Acorn-Gatherer describes _________?
A. The country life in Britain.
B. The country in America.
C. The city life in Britain.
D. The city life in America
☐ In the short story, the Granny seemed to be very “cruel” to the boy. The real reason for this is that _________
A. The boy was not her grandson.
B. The boy was very wicked （坏的）.
C. The boy was an illegitimate(私生子).
D. The boy was mischievous(调皮的）.
☐ What was the final end for the boy?
A. He escaped from the village.
B. He was drowned to die when fishing.
C. He was taken away by his father.
D. He left his Granny.
☐ In the end, who found the boy’s body?
A. His granny
B. A dealer
C. A steerwoman
D. A labourer
☐ According to the short story, how did people respond to the boy’s death?
A. Sadly
B. Happily
C. Indifferently
D. Broken-heartedly The Acorn-Gatherer
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