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宇航服 Space Suit

发布时间：2023-12-09 12:06:49 来源：文档文库

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宇航服SpaceSuit阅读提示：宇航服是保护宇航员在太空不受低温，射线等的侵害并提供人类生存所需的氧气的保护服。美国的宇航服价值大约在100万美元。宇航服一般分两种：舱内宇航服和舱外宇航服。舱内宇航服舱内宇航服是宇航员在载人航天器座舱内使用的，一般是在发射时和返回地球时穿用，一旦座舱发生气体泄漏和气压突然变低时，舱内宇航服迅速充气，起保护宇航员的作用。舱外宇航服舱外宇航服是宇航员出航活动，进行太空漫步时使用。舱外宇航服的结构非常复杂，它具有加压、充气、防御宇航射线和微陨星袭击的作用，它里面有有通信系统、还有生命保障系统。SpacesuitAspacesuitisacomplexsystemofgarmentsandequipmentandenvironmentalsystemsdesignedtokeepapersonaliveandcomfortableintheharshenvironmentofouterspace.Thisappliestoextra-vehicularactivityoutsidespacecraftorbitingEarthandhasappliedtowalking,andridingtheLunarRover,ontheMoon.Someoftheserequirementsalsoapplytopressuresuitswornbypeoplesuchashigh-altitudefighterpilotswhomayflysohighthatbreathingpureoxygenatsurroundingpressurewouldnotprovideenoughoxygenforthemtofunction:seehypoxia.SpacesuitrequirementsSeveralthingsareneededforthespacesuittofunctionproperlyinspace.Itmustprovide:astableinternalpressure.Thiscanbelessthanearth'satmosphere,asthereisusuallynoneedforthespacesuittocarrynitrogen.breathableoxygen.Usuallyarebreatherisusedalongwithasupplyoffreshoxygen.temperatureregulation.Heatcanonlybelostinspacebythermalradiation,orconductionwithobjectsinphysicalcontactwiththespacesuit.Sinceheatislostveryslowlybyradiation,aspacesuitalmostalwayshasonlyacoolingsystemand
heavyinsulationonthehandsandpossiblyfeet.electromagneticradiationshielding.micrometeoroidprotection.mobility.acommunicationsystem.meanstorechargeanddischargegasesandliquids.meanstomaneuver,dock,release,andtetheronspacecraft.TheoriesofSpacesuitDesignAspacesuitshouldallowitsusernaturalandunencumberedmovement.Theonlywaythisispossibleisforthespacesuittomaintainaconstantvolumenomatterwhatpositionthewearerisin.Thisisbecausemechanicalworkisneededtochangethevolumeofaconstantpressuresystem.Ifmovinganarmorhandcausesachangeinthevolumeofthespacesuit,thentheastronauthastodoextraworkeverytimehebendsthatjoint,andhehastomaintainaforcetokeepthejointbent.Evenifthisforceisverysmall,itcanbeseriouslyfatiguingtoconstantlyfightagainstyoursuit.Italsomakesdelicatemovementsverydifficult.Allspacesuitdesignstrytominimizeoreliminatethisproblem.Themostcommonsolutionistoformthesuitoutofmultiplelayers.Thebladderlayerisarubbery,airtightlayermuchlikeaballoon.Therestraintlayergoesoutsidethebladder,andprovidesaspecificshapeforthesuit.Sincethebladderlayerislargerthantherestraintlayer,therestrainttakesallofthestressescausedbythepressureofthesuit.Sincethebladderisnotunderpressure,itwillnot"pop"likeaballoon,evenifpunctured.Therestraintlayerisshapedinsuchawaythatbendingajointwillcausepocketsoffabric,calledgores,toopenupontheoutsideofthejoint.Thismakesupforthevolumelostontheinsideofthejoint,andkeepsthesuitataconstantvolume.However,oncethegoresareopenedalltheway,thejointcannotbebentanymorewithoutaconsiderableamountofwork.InsomeRussianspacesuitsstripsofclothwerewrappedtightlyroundthespaceman'sarmsandlegsoutsidethespacesuittostopthespacesuitfromballooningwheninspace.

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