一、俚语的定义
俚语（slang），是一种非习惯用语，是粗俗的或通行面极窄的方言词,用以表达新鲜事物，或对旧事物赋以新的说法。
二、美国俚语的起源及发展
俚语的来源尚不可考，初见於1800年的印刷品，所载为伦敦罪犯们的行话。俚语多出自价值观念上的冲突，表示敌意或轻蔑；也可出自对本集团内成员的讪笑。但俚语的流行，则是一种社会力量的推动而非个人所为。
现今俚语的主流，则为主宰美国当今文化主流的上层人士创造的俚语。而曾经那些被定义为“难登大雅之堂”的美国俚语已频频出现在名报、名著、名人传记中，甚至是美国总统的正式演说中。因此可以说美国俚语已融入了主流文化的“血液”中。
三、俚语的功能
1．俚语能有效的拉近彼此的距离。
2使用俚语表达委婉语。
bun in the oven 。
四、俚语的翻译
on the house，
dear John letter
Plenty of other fish in the sea
Skate on the ice
Icing on the cake
Bloody time
常见的误区主要体现在以下两方面： 1）谚语的滥用 谚语（proverbs） 2）习语和俚语混为一谈 （idioms）
1 red-letter day大日子
This is a red-letter day for Susan. She made her first sale to a very important client.
今天是susan的大日子。她和一个非常重要的客户做成了第一笔生意。
2 go up in smoke成为泡影
Peter’s vacation plans went up in smoke when a crisis arose in the office.
办公室出了问题，peter的假期泡汤了。
3. lady-killer帅哥
He's a real lady-killer. 他是个不折不扣的帅哥。
4. blockhead笨蛋
Arnold is a blockhead if I ever saw one. 阿诺德是我见过的最笨的人。
5. poke one’s nose into something多管闲事
6. put away大吃大喝
7. a drop in the bucket沧海一粟
8. bullheaded顽固，牛脾气
9. big deal重要的事
It’s no big deal. I don’t mind helping you out.
这没什么大不了的，我不介意帮助你摆脱困境。
美国电影里常见的俚语习语句型
1. 抑制;控制
例句: He couldn't hold back his anger.
他再也控制不住他的怒火。
She held back her tears.
她强忍着没让眼泪流出来。
2. 阻挡,阻止,阻碍
例句: What held you back to take a week's holiday?
是什么阻止了你没休完一周的假?
You must try to hold back German attack.
你必须设法阻止住德军的进攻。
3. 犹豫不定;畏缩不前
例句: I held back not knowing his real intention.
我有点犹豫不定，不知道他的真正意图是什么。
Hold natural and graceful, don't hold back before the guests.
在客人面前要落落大方，不要畏惧退缩不敢见人。
4. 耽误,延误,推迟
例句: He's a hard man, nothing could hold him back to come to the club in time.
他是一个古板墨守成规的家伙，什么也不会延误他准时到达俱乐部的。
I'm sorry to say I have to hold the ball back for half an hour, Princess Diana will join us.
很抱歉，我必须把舞会开始的时间推迟半个小时，黛安娜公主要来参加我们的舞会。
5. 隐瞒;保守(秘密等);不发表(消息等)
例句: I held nothing back, I told you all about it.
我什么也不瞒你，我把一切全说出来了。
I dare say that he was holding something back from us.
我敢说，他有些事瞒着我们。Your heart' really in it 你真的很喜欢做...
Hey, David! Your business is really doing well, your heart is really in it.
嘿，大卫！你的生意不错啊，看来你真的是爱干这行。
I'm gonna quit the job, my heart isn't in it anymore.
我就快辞职了，我不再喜欢这份工作了。
常见的俚语、习语短句：
1. a picky eater 吃饭挑剔之人
2. apple of one's eye 珍爱之人（或物），宝贝
3. the cold shoulder 对某人冷淡
10. an adventurous eater 大胆的食客
11. bring home the bacon 挣钱养家
12. bite off more than you can chew 贪多而吃不下（尤指接下过多工作而完不成）
13. burn the midnight oil 熬夜
14. be kept in the dark 被蒙在鼓里
15. behind the times 过时了，落伍了，不时髦
18. cry over spilt milk 覆水难收
19. It is not my cup of tea 非我所爱
20. the calm before the storm 暴风雨前的平静
21. born with a silver spoon in your mouth 生于富贵之家，生来享受富贵
22. by hook or by crook 不择手段，无论如何
23. burn one's bridges 破釜沉舟，自断后路
24. Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder 情人眼里出西施
25. bite the hand that feeds you 忘恩负义
26. eat like a horse 吃得很多
27. go to pieces 破碎,沮丧，心碎
30. go in one ear and out the other 听了并不照办,左耳朵进右耳朵出
31. get carried away 得意忘形,失去理智
34. have your cake and eat it 鱼与熊掌兼得
35.come easily易如反掌
36.move heaven and earth想尽一切办法
37. pull someone's leg开某人的玩笑
38.don't have a cow别大惊小怪
阿甘正传里几句俚语
A duck in water 如鱼得水
redneck 乡巴佬
Out of blue sky 晴天霹雳
My legs are just fine and dandy 一帆风顺，这是“完好如初”
Come on now, people, let’s get on the ball 伙计们，快来练球吧
beatnik beauty . 叛逆美女
《绝望主妇》里学来的流行美式俚语
1 Be in the air 将要发生的事情
【英英解释】The feeling or idea that something new is about to happen or is going to change.
Example: From the arguments going on at the meeting, it seems that a change in policy is in the air.
2 Clear the air 消除误会
【英英解释】To settle a dispute and restore good relations
Example: We had a meeting with the workers, and I think we've cleared the air now.
3 Cost an arm and a leg 极其昂贵
【英英解释】To be very expensive
Example: I love that fur coat. However, I don't think I'm going to buy it because it costs an arm and a leg.
4 A bad egg 缺乏道德的人
【英英解释】Somebody who has no moral principles and should be avoided
Example: You mustn't lend Tim money, he's a bad egg. You'll never see him or your money again!
5 In the Bag 稳操胜券
【英英解释】Said of an achievement which is secure
Example: We have the deal in the bag. The client came in this morning to sign the agreement.
6 In the balance 未知的,不可预测的
【英英解释】Said when the outcome of a situation is unknown or unpredictable
Example: His career as a pilot is in the balance, as his eyesight does not seem good enough.
7 Drive a hard bargain 极力讨价还价
【英英解释】To have the negotiating strength and skills to get the most advantageous price and conditions
Example: Amanda is negotiating the best price from the suppliers. She drives a hard bargain.
8 Ring a bell 看上去或听起来非常熟悉
【英英解释】To look, sound or seem familiar
Example: That face rings a bell, where have I seen him before?
9 Tighten one's belt 节衣缩食
【英英解释】To cut down on spending because there is less income than before
Example: Now you are out of work, you'll have to tighten your belt and give up buying new clothes and going out so often.
10 Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟
【英英解释】To complete two tasks together, with less effort than doing them separately
Example: Since I'd gone to the store to buy some bread, I thought of killing two birds with one stone and invited Mr. Biggs to the party.
11 Be in a black mood 情绪极差
【英英解释】To be so negative about everything that it is impossible for anyone to reason with him/her
Example: My father has been in a black mood for days, we dare not say anything to him.
12 New blood 新成员
【英英解释】New people brought into an organization to introduce different and original ideas
Example: It was decided to bring new blood into the school by employing teachers with the latest training.
13 Feeling blue 感到无精打采
【英英解释】Feeling sad or depressed
Example: She's feeling blue, because the man she loves is far away.
14 Get to the bottom of something 弄清真相
【英英解释】To find out the truth about something
Example: I'm trying to get to the bottom of why David left without saying goodbye.
18 Round the clock 夜以继日的
【英英解释】To do something continuously, without a break or pause
Example: The ambulance services worked round the clock hauling people trapped in the building to safety.
20 In a tight corner 处于困境
【英英解释】In an extremely difficult situation
Example: Whenever I get into a tight corner, I try to rely on quick thinking to get out of it.
21 Keep in the dark 隐瞒
【英英解释】To keep something secret
Example: We know my brother has a new girlfriend, but he's keeping her name in the dark.
22 Fall on deaf ears 不加理睬的, 不听取
【英英解释】Not to take any notice of what is said
Example: The city council's order that garbage should be put in the bins fell on deaf ears; the sidewalks are still littered with trash!
23 Take things easy 放轻松
【英英解释】To relax
Example: It's better for our health to take things easy than to worry about problems all the time.
24 Eat like a horse 吃得很多
【英英解释】To eat a lot; to have a very big appetite
Example: Fred eats like a horse. When I was a growing lad like him, I used to eat a lot, too.
25 Catch one's eye 吸引某人注意
【英英解释】To attract somebody's attention
Example: A movement behind the curtain caught my eye - I thought it was a burglar and rushed out of the room!
26 Have an eye for something 对某事(某物体)了解得非常清楚
【英英解释】To be very good at doing something, or have a great understanding of something.
Example: As a botanist, he has to describe and draw plants accurately, so he must have an eye for detail.
27 Turn a blind eye .熟视无睹
【英英解释】To ignore an action, even though one should do something about it
Example: Parents will spoil their children if they constantly turn a blind eye to their bad behavior.
28 Keep an eye on 照看, 密切注视
【英英解释】To watch carefully; to look after
Example: Keep an eye on my purse - I'm just going to the bathroom.
30 Lead the field 处于领头地位
【英英解释】To be the most successful person or group in an activity
Example: For decades, the House of Dior led the field in elegant fashion design.
31 Get out of hand 失去控制
【英英解释】To be out of control
Example: The problem of suicide bombings is getting out of hand; there seems to be no way to stop them.
34 On hold 尚未办理的事情
【英英解释】Something set aside and waiting to be dealt with
Example: Our vacation plans are on hold right now; because my Dad's just been admitted to hospital with a stomach ulcer.
35 A dark horse 出乎意料的嬴家
【英英解释】An unexpected winner.
Example: A dark horse in this year's basketball cup was Japan!
36 The bottom line 本质内容
【英英解释】The most essential part of something
Example: We've talked a lot about taxation and immigration, but the bottom line is that we have to create more jobs.
37 Live it up 狂欢一场
【英英解释】To enjoy a high standard of living and lead a carefree life
Example: The neighbors having been living it up ever since they won the sweepstakes.
38 Look forward to 期待着
【英英解释】To relish some future prospect; to eagerly await meeting somebody.
Example: You can tell Jake is looking forward to his vacation - he keeps telling us how many days there are left until he finishes college.
39 Bear in mind 记住
【英英解释】To remember something which can be of help in the future.
Example: Before you start your perspective drawing, bear in mind you should first establish a vanishing point.
40 Have a mind to 想做某事, 计划做某事
【英英解释】To be decided on ; to intend to
Example: The service in our hotel was terrible. I have a mind to write a letter of complaint.
41 Be in the mood 想要做某事
【英英解释】To feel like doing something
Example: She is not in the mood for playing cards and says she should really be preparing her lecture notes.
42 Over the moon 欣喜若狂
【英英解释】Extremely happy
Example: She's over the moon about her promotion - she really wasn't expecting it.
43 Get a move on 赶快
【英英解释】To hurry up
Example: Get a move on! The train is about to leave.
44 Over and above 除...这外, 额外的
【英英解释】In addition to
Example: Over and above our salary, we are getting a large bonus, because business has been very profitable this year.
45 Get the picture 了解某事
【英英解释】To understand something, to grasp some meaning
Example: When they started cutting back and laying people off at work, I got the picture and starting looking for another job.
46 Be out of pocket 花光了钱的
【英英解释】To be without money
Example: He's complaining because he spent all of his money on slot machines and now he's out of pocket.
47 Keep somebody posted 传达消息
【英英解释】To regularly give somebody up-to-date information or details of the progress being made.
Example: I phoned in at the end of each working day to keep my boss posted about developments at the trade conference.
49 On a shoestring 生活拮据
【英英解释】In a thrifty manner; with costs or spending down to a bare minimum
Example: She lives on a shoestring - she gets a tiny pension and has to budget very tightly.
50 Lose track of 失去消息, 失去线索
【英英解释】To lose contact with somebody to not know where something is
Example: I lost track of Fran when she moved to Boston. I've even tried to locate her on the Internet.
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