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十种最聪明的动物

发布时间：2023-02-22 23:49:56 来源：文档文库

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十种最聪明的动物核心提示：Wehumanshavetheabilitytolearn,toreasonandsolveproblems.We'reself-aware,andwerealsoconsciousofthepresence,thoughtsandfeelingsofothers.Wemaketoolsandpracticetheartofdeception.We'recreative.Wethinkabstractly.WehWehumanshavetheabilitytolearn,toreasonandsolveproblems.We'reself-aware,andwe’realsoconsciousofthepresence,thoughtsandfeelingsofothers.Wemaketoolsandpracticetheartofdeception.We'recreative.Wethinkabstractly.Wehavelanguageanduseittoexpresscomplexideas.Allofthesearearguablysignsofintelligence.Scientistsmaynotagreeonthebestandfullestdefinitionofintelligence–buttheygenerallyagreethathumansarehighlyintelligent.Othermembersoftheanimalkingdomexhibitsignsofintelligenceaswell,andsomescientistsmightsaythedefinitionofanimalvs.humanintelligenceismerelyamatterofdegree–apointthatwasbroughthomein2005whentheLondonZooput“Homosapiens”ondisplayintheexhibitpicturedhere.Clickthe"Next"arrowabovetolearnaboutnineotherspeciesthatstandoutfortheirsmarts.ChimpsarealmostlikeusIfwehumanspossessintelligence,chimpanzeesmusthavesomeaswell:Our
genomesareatleast98percentidentical.Chimpsmakeandusetools,huntinorganizedgroupsandengageinactsofviolence.Wildtroopshavedistinctbehaviorsandcustoms.Fieldobservationsandlabexperimentsshowchimpsarecapableofempathy,altruismandself-awareness.Intheexperimentpicturedhere,chimpsperformedbetterthanhumansonanumbermemorytest.DolphinsgetcreativeThisdolphininAustraliausesaspongetoprotecthersnoutwhenforagingontheseafloor,atoolusebehaviorthatispassedonfrommothertodaughter.Scientistssaythat’sjustonesignofdolphinsmarts.Othersignsincludedistinctwhistlesandclicksthatmayserveasdolphinnames,perhapsusedinatypeoflanguage.Afamous1960sexperimentfoundthatapairofdolphinsenteredatizzyofcreativityoncetheyfiguredouttheirnovelbehaviorswererewardedwithfish.Frustratedhumantestsubjectsjustletoutasighofreliefwhentheycaughtontotheidea.Elephantsexhibitself-awarenessThesheersizeoftheirbrainssuggeststhatelephantsmustknowathingortwoaboutthewaysoftheworld.Theyhavebeenseenconsolingfamilymembers,helpingotherspeciesintimesofneed,playinginwaterandcommunicatingwithoneanotherviavibrationssensedintheirfeet.Acrowningachievement,someresearcherssay,waswhenthisfemaleAsianelephantnamedHappyrecognizedherselfinthemirror.Thecomplexbehaviorissharedonlywithhumans,greatapes

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