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小升初英语必考语法知识
名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一名词单复数
1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二名词的格
(1 有生命的东西的名词所有格：
a 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags c 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
l并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类：
(1不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2定冠词：the the egg the plane 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法：
(1特指某(些人或某(些物：The ruler is on the desk. (2复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. (3谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school. (4在序数词前：John’s birthday is February the second. (5用于固定词组中：in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况：
(1专有名词前：China is a big country. (2名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：
This is my baseball. (3复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers. (4在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. (5一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30. (6球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well. (7学科名称前：My favorite subject is music. (8在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li. (9 