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专题12 2021年高考英语阅读理解说明文专练-新冠病毒Scientists may one day be able to destroy viruses in the same way that opera singers break wine glasses. New research mathematically determined the frequencies at which simple viruses could be shaken to death.
The capsid (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle, said physicist Otto Sankey of Arizona State University. “If the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.”
Recent experimental evidence has shown that laser (激光) pulses with the right frequency can kill certain viruses. However, locating these resonant (共振的) frequencies is a bit of trial and error. Experiments must try various conditions, Sankey said.
To further this search, Sankey and his student Eric Dykeman have developed a way to calculate the vibrations of every atom in a virus shell. From this, they can determine the lowest resonant frequencies. An experiment has recently shown that pulses of laser light can cause destructive vibrations in virus shells. Sankey said, “Like pushing a child on a swing from rest, one sudden push gets the virus shaking.”
However, it is difficult to calculate what sort of push will kill a virus, since there can be millions of atoms in its shell structure. A direct calculation of each atom’s movements would take several hundred thousand Gigabytes of computer memory, Sankey explained.
The team plans to use their technique to study other, more complicated viruses. However, it is still a long way from using this to destroy the viruses in infected people. “This is such a new field, and there are so few experiments that the science has not yet had enough time to prove itself,” Sankey said. “We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.”
12．What is the new way to kill viruses?
A．Replacing viruses’ capsids with shells.
B．Breaking viruses’ capsids by vibration.
C．Locating the position of certain viruses.
D．Damaging the conditions that viruses like.
13．Why does Sankey mention “pushing a child on a swing” in Paragraph 4?
A．To prove how simple the new theory is.
B．To explain how to start the virus shaking.
C．To suggest the idea comes from our real life.
D．To show the destructive power of vibrations.
14．What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?
A．The shell structure of viruses.
B．The lack of computer memory.
C．The challenging part of the research.
D．The importance of atoms’ movement.
15．What is Sankey’s attitude towards the theory?
A．Disapproving. B．Worried.
C．Uncaring. D．Positive.
【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种使用一定的振动频率来破坏病毒的全新方法。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段的The capsid (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle和If the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.可知，病毒有一层外壳，如果受到机械振动则可以将其破坏，病毒就可以毁灭。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Like pushing a child on a swing from rest，one sudden push gets the virus shaking.可知，就像从秋千上推孩子一样，一个突然的推动就会让病毒颤抖，因此推断，Sankey是用类比的方式帮助读者了解这种破坏病毒原理。故选B。
14．主旨大意题。根据第五段的内容可知，由于病毒的外壳结构中可能有数百万个原子，因此很难计算出哪种推动会杀死病毒。直接计算每个原子的运动将需要消耗大量计算机内存，因此本段主要讲的是在这项研究中会遇到的主要问题。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据全文的最后一段的We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.(我们仍然充满希望，但同时保持怀疑)可知，Sankey对这项新技术的未来是有信心的。故选D。
With the Covid-19 virus sweeping the globe, the science on quitting smoking offers welcome news for smokers who want to build up their defenses in case they contract the virus. Though it may still take many months for a smoker's lungs to heal from damage caused by long-term smoking, your health can noticeably improve in the days and weeks after quitting in ways that could make a difference against the virus. Covid-19 creates an added sense of urgency, and there's enough reason to believe that quitting smoking during the pandemic（流行病）could increases your opportunities of fighting off the virus.
If you make the decision to quit, the cilia（纤毛）in your lungs are one of the first parts of your body to heal. These hair-like projections wave back and forth like a brush as air moves in and out of your lungs. They help your body fight off colds and infection. They also help clear mucus（黏液）, so if they're not functioning as well as they should, mucus can build up in the lungs. Your body's tendency to cough during an infection helps inspire the bodily process of clearing out mucus. That's vital in fighting the Covid-19 condition. The elderly are at a greater risk for too much lung fluid that often limits breathing following coronavirus infection because they don't have a strong enough cough to clear it up.
A second short-term gain from quitting smoking comes from reducing ongoing inflammation（炎症）in your body, which can make you infect Covid-19 more easily. Having your lungs in as good of shape as you can in case of a corona virus infection is key.
Besides lung-related issues, quitting smoking can also deliver healthy benefits to the heart that could help prevent possible heart attacks, which are another cause of death in Covid-19 cases. After you quit smoking, your blood becomes thinner and less possible to setting. Heart attacks are less likely. One reason this happens is because smoking makes it harder for the heart to distribute blood throughout the body.
8．What is the use of the lung cilia?
A．Cleaning up the lungs. B．Killing the Covid-19 virus.
C．Predicting lung infections. D．Reducing breathing difficulty.
9．Why are the old at higher risk to the corona virus?
A．They cannot go out during the pandemic. B．There is too much mucus in their lungs.
C．Most of them are heavy smokers for years. D．They are lacking in the care of their children.
10．What good does quitting smoking do to heart？
A．Strengthen the heart muscle. B．Turn blood to be much thicker.
C．Make the blood flow smoother. D．Speed the heartbeat up apparently.
11．What is the text mainly about？
A．Quitting smoking can help defend the Covid-19.
B．Ways to make a difference against corona viruses.
C．The Covid-19 virus is threatening humans worldwide.
D．Protecting the smokers' lungs to heal from damage.
【答案】8．A9．B10．C11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，戒烟有助于改善肺部功能以抵御新冠病毒的侵袭。
8．细节理解题。由第二段中的“These hair-like projections wave back and forth like a brush as air moves in and out of your lungs. They help your body fight off colds and infection. They also help clear mucus（黏液）, so if they're not functioning as well as they should, mucus can build up in the lungs.”（当空气进出肺部时，这些毛发状的突起像刷子一样来回摆动。它们帮助你的身体抵御感冒和感染。它们也有助于清除粘液，所以如果它们的功能不好，粘液会在肺部积聚。），可知肺部纤毛的作用是清洁肺部。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。由第二段中的“The elderly are at a greater risk for too much lung fluid that often limits breathing following coronavirus infection because they don't have a strong enough cough to clear it up.”（老年人患冠状病毒感染后肺液过多的风险更大，因为他们没有足够强烈的咳嗽来消除肺部积液。），可知老年人肺部积水更多导致他们感染病毒的风险更大。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“After you quit smoking, your blood becomes thinner and less possible to setting. Heart attacks are less likely. One reason this happens is because smoking makes it harder for the heart to distribute blood throughout the body.”（戒烟后，你的血液变得稀薄，不太可能凝固。心脏病发作的可能性较小。发生这种情况的一个原因是吸烟使心脏更难将血液输送到全身。），可知戒烟会使血液流动更加顺畅。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。由第一段第一句“With the Covid-19 virus sweeping the globe, the science on quitting smoking offers welcome news for smokers who want to build up their defenses in case they contract the virus.”（随着Covid-19病毒席卷全球，戒烟科学为那些想增强防御能力以防感染病毒的吸烟者带来了可喜的消息。）和第一段最后一句“Covid-19 creates an added sense of urgency, and there's enough reason to believe that quitting smoking during the pandemic（流行病）could increases your opportunities of fighting off the virus.”（Covid-19会增加一种紧迫感，而且有足够的理由相信在大流行期间戒烟可以增加抵抗病毒的机会。），可知本文论述戒烟有助于抵御新冠病毒的侵袭。故选A项。
The decline in sea ice seen in the Arctic in recent decades has been linked by scientists to the spread of a deadly virus in marine (海洋的) mammals. Researchers found that Phocine distemper virus (PDV) had spread from animals in the North Atlantic to populations in the North Pacific.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the ice has been retreating by around 12% per decade between 1979 and 2018. These sea ice changes in September (2018) are likely unprecedented (前所未有的) for at least 1, 000 years. “Between 1979 and 2018, the real proportion (比例) of multi-year ice that is at least five years old has declined by approximately 90%,” the IPCC said in their report on the oceans and the cryosphere (冰冻圈) published in September.
Against this changing background, researchers have investigated the likely spread of the PDV infection, which caused a large number of deaths among harbour seals in the North Atlantic in 2002. Melting sea ice is now connecting marine mammals, like these Steller sea lions, which were formerly separated by ice . “As animals move and come in contact with other species, they carry opportunities to introduce and catch new infectious disease, with potentially destructive effects.” said author Dr Tracey Goldstein, from the University of California, Davis.
The authors warn that this trend could continue as they believe climate driven changes in the Arctic ocean will increase. The opportunities for the spread of PDV will likely grow, with uncertain health outcomes for many species.
8．What does the word “populations” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．The marine mammals. B．The people.
C．The virus. D．The land animals.
9．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A．The loss of sea ice. B．The formation of sea ice.
C．The effect of sea ice. D．The proportion of sea ice.
10．What does paragraph 3 try to tell us?
A．How marine mammals adapt to their habitats.
B．How a large number of seals died in the Arctic.
C．How melting ice is linked to the spread of virus.
D．How marine mammals live with the melting ice.
11．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment. B．Health.
C．Education. D．Nature.
【答案】8．A9．A10．C11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述北极海冰的融化导致一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播，并且随着气候变化的增加，这种病毒的传播也可能会增加。
8．词义猜测题。根据文章第一段The decline in sea ice seen in the Arctic in recent decades has been linked by scientists to the spread of a deadly virus in marine (海洋的) mammals. Researchers found that Phocine distemper virus (PDV) had spread from animals in the North Atlantic to populations in the North Pacific. 近几十年来，北极海冰的减少与一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播有关。 研究人员发现，Phocine distemper病毒(PDV)已从北大西洋的动物传播到北太平洋的种群。根据上文说主要在海洋哺乳动物中传播，由此可以推断本句populations就是海洋哺乳动物，故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the ice has been retreating by around 12% per decade between 1979 and 2018. 根据政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)的数据， 从1979年到2018年，冰层以每10年约12%的速度消融，由此可知本段的数据统计都是关于海冰减少的。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段Melting sea ice is now connecting marine mammals, like these Steller sea lions, which were formerly separated by ice . “As animals move and come in contact with other species, they carry opportunities to introduce and catch new infectious disease, with potentially destructive effects.” said author Dr Tracey Goldstein, from the University of California, Davis. 融化的海冰现在连接着海洋哺乳动物，像这些虎头海狮，它们以前被冰隔开。他说： “当动物迁徙并与其他物种接触时，它们就有机会引入并感染新的传染病，这可能会带来破坏性的影响。”来自加州大学戴维斯分校的特蕾西·戈尔茨坦博士说。由此可推断，本段在试图告诉我们融化的海冰是怎样同病毒传播连接的，故选C。
11．推理判断题。文章主要讲述北极海冰的融化与一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播有关，并且随着气候变化的增加，这种病毒的传播也可能会增加。可知文章主题和自然相关，由此推断文章可能来自于报纸上关于自然部分的，故选D。
Oscar Valera likes to use 3D printers to build a collection of crafts (模型), but he is now turning his hobby toward the fight against the coronavirus pandemic (新冠大流行).
In just four days, the New Jersey high school teacher has printed and distributed 200 face masks to medical professionals across the country, including Florida and Texas. He is far from done. “One woman told me what you’re doing right now is giving people peace of mind. You’re probably saving lives,” said Valera, who found a mask design posted online.
Demand for face masks, along with N95-masks and other personal protective equipment (PPE) has increased with the surge (大量涌现) of patients infected with the highly infectious virus. That has prompted volunteer 3D printers like Valera to step in to support doctors, nurses and first responders, who are all in danger of contracting the sometimes deadly illness.
In Sunnyvale, California, community workspace nonprofit Maker Nexus has been running its 13 3D printers and three laser cutters (激光切割机) nonstop. The company produced 1,800 masks for local hospitals and now has requests for another 13,000.
Elsewhere in Silicon Valley, more companies are joining in. Fremont-based PrinterPrezz, a 3D-printing medical device contract manufacturer that specializes in metal spinal implants, switched production to printing PPE after getting a request from nearby Washington Hospital Healthcare System.
Snap Lab, a unit of Snap Inc, is also producing face masks to donate to hospitals. In New Jersey, Valera said he will continue to do his part. “I don’t mind doing this,” Valera said. “I just hate the fact that I have.”
4．What do we know about Oscar Valera?
A．He is a professional craftsman.
B．He is helping medical worker to save lives.
C．He adopts the online mask design.
D．He is forced to print face masks.
5．How many enterprises are mentioned to help produce medical equipment?
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
6．What’s the tone of the author when reporting the news?
A．Concerned. B．Critical.
C．Objective. D．Enthusiastic.
7．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．A Teacher’s Creativity to Produce Masks.
B．3D Printers Help Make Face masks.
C．Face Masks Are in Great Demand.
D．The Fight Against the Pandemic.
【答案】4．C5．B6．C7．B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了在新冠病毒大流行的形势下，美国出现了很多志愿者个人及企业使用3D打印设备生产口罩及其他医疗防护设备来应对市场的需求。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“... said Valera, who found a mask design posted online.”可知，Oscar Valera采用的是网上发布的口罩设计。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In Sunnyvale, California, community workspace nonprofit Maker Nexus…”、第五段中“Fremont-based PrinterPrezz, a 3D-printing medical device contract manufacturer…”及最后一段中“Snap Lab, a unit of Snap Inc, is also producing face masks…”可知，文章共提到三家企业帮助生产医疗设备。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。通读文章可知，在新冠病毒大流行的形势下，美国出现了很多志愿者个人及企业使用3D打印设备生产口罩及其他医疗防护设备来应对市场的需求，本文主要是对这个社会现象进行客观报道，由此可推测，作者是以“客观的”口吻报道。故选C项。
7．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了在新冠病毒大流行的形势下，美国出现了很多志愿者个人及企业使用3D打印设备生产口罩及其他医疗防护设备来应对市场的需求，所以B项“3D打印机帮助制造口罩”最适合作本文标题。故选B项。
Robots have certain advantages compared to humans: They are efficient, tireless, can be repaired when damaged and they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. While hundreds of thousands of medical workers have fallen ill dealing with this highly infectious virus and a lot more are forced to stay at home for fear of getting the disease, this isn't a problem for robots.
This is why the COVID-19 outbreak is seen as the "tipping point"—noted The Independent Science reporter Anthony Cuthbertson—for robots to start to replace humans in certain jobs.
In areas like hospitals and healthcare facilities, robots are used to perform high-risk tasks. In China, for example, a hotel in Hangzhou employed a robot named "Little Peanut" to deliver food to people under quarantine. In Spain, robots are about to be used to test people for the coronavirus.
"Hospitals around the world are waking up to autonomous disinfection," Per Juul Nielsen, CEO of Denmark's UVD Robots, a leading company manufacturing disinfection robot, told Forbes. "We can't build these robots fast enough."
In non-medial companies, robots are also replacing human employees since they don't have the problem of social distancing and will never take sick leave. Walmart and Amazon, for example, where robots are already used in sorting, packing and shipping, are planning to increase the number of robots in their facilities.
According to futurist Martin Ford, using more robots than human employees can prove to be rewarding for companies even when the pandemic is over. " People will prefer to go to a place that has fewer workers and more machines because they feel they can lower overall risk," Ford told the BBC．
But this sudden surge in robot demand doesn't mean that they triumph over humans in every aspect. According to Bill Smart, a roboticist at Oregon State University, the human contact between doctors and patients is still important. Doctors comfort the patients and guide them through hard decisions while robots are only doing routine tasks, like cleaning and giving tests, just to free up doctors and nurses.
It might be true that robots have certain advantages over humans, but they are still secondary to human interaction.
9．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The advantages of robots compared to humans.
B．Why the COVID-19 outbreak has fueled robot demand.
C．Why humans play a less important role in fighting the pandemic.
D．Different views on applying robots to fight against COVID-19.
10．What has made robots desirable during the pandemic?
A．They can be repaired when damaged.
B．They do not get infected with diseases.
C．They test people for coronavirus more precisely.
D．They are tireless and can replace medical staff.
11．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A．Human interaction is essential in some areas.
B．The demand for robots is too great to meet.
C．Doctors can make more accurate judgments than robots.
D．Robots need updating to improve contact with humans.
12．Which word best describes the author's attitude to the application of robots?
A．Skeptical. B．Conservative. C．Objective. D．Favorable.
【答案】9．B10．B11．A12．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了COVID-19疫情引发了对机器人需求的激增，机器人开始取代人类从事某些工作。文章分析了这一现象产生的原因，不同领域的人对机器人取代人类员工的看法，以及机器人仍然存在的一些不足。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段This is why the COVID-19 outbreak is seen as the "tipping point"—noted The Independent Science reporter Anthony Cuthbertson—for robots to start to replace humans in certain jobs.可知这就是为什么COVID-19疫情被视为“引爆点”——《独立科学》记者Anthony Cuthbertson指出机器人开始取代人类从事某些工作。结合文章主要说明了COVID-19疫情引发了对机器人需求的激增，机器人开始取代人类从事某些工作。文章分析了这一现象产生的原因，不同领域的人对机器人取代人类员工的看法，以及机器人仍然存在的一些不足。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是COVID-19疫情为何引发机器人需求。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段中Robots have certain advantages compared to humans: They are efficient, tireless, can be repaired when damaged and they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.可知与人类相比，机器人有一定的优势：它们效率高，不知疲倦，损坏后可以修复，而且永远不会生病。这最后一个特点使他们成为我们抗击COVID-19疫情期间的明星。由此可知，在COVID-19疫情期间，不会感染疾病让机器人备受青睐。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中According to Bill Smart, a roboticist at Oregon State University, the human contact between doctors and patients is still important.(据俄勒冈州立大学的机器人专家 Bill Smart说，医生和病人之间的人际接触仍然很重要)以及最后一段It might be true that robots have certain advantages over humans, but they are still secondary to human interaction.(机器人可能比人类有一定的优势，但与人类的互动相比，它们仍然是次要的)由此从最后两段中可推知，在某些方面，人与人之间的互动是必不可少的。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据文章主要说明了COVID-19疫情引发了对机器人需求的激增，机器人开始取代人类从事某些工作。文章分析了这一现象产生的原因，不同领域的人对机器人取代人类员工的看法，以及机器人仍然存在的一些不足。文中主要引用了其他人的一些观点和看法，并未提到作者自身对于机器人在社会上应用的看法，由此可推知，作者对机器人的应用问题持客观态度。故选C。
The start of the U.S. Atlantic hurricane season is just over two weeks away and forecasters are expecting particularly high activity this year. With warmer than usual conditions expected in the North Atlantic this summer, meteorologists have predicted that the season could produce eight or more hurricanes.
While forecasters cannot predict how many hurricanes — if any — will make landfall, the potential for dangerous storms to strike the southern and eastern coasts brings an additional problem for authorities already struggling with the COVID-19.
Experts say that the COVID-19 is affecting the capabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other organizations involved in responding to natural disasters.
Retired U.S. Army Lieutenant General Jeffrey Talley, who now leads global efforts on disaster management at IBM’s Center for the Business of Government, said that with FEMA and other authorities engaged with responding to the COVID-19, resources will be limited if a hurricane strikes.
“When we look at a disaster... I think of it in terms of how we prepare for, respond to and recover from those types of events,” Talley said. “Right now we’re in the middle of the response of COVID-19. None of us are really sure how long it’s going to last and how the response to disasters is going to be different, say, two months from now, six months from now, so on and so forth,” he said.
According to Talley, the COVID-19 could complicate the response to a hurricane by interrupting the flow of emergency supplies to areas where they are urgently needed at crucial moments.
Social distancing and stay-at-home orders will also force authorities along the south and east coast to rethink how they manage people who must leave their homes in the event of a disaster. While many states are already lifting some lockdown restrictions, social distancing will still be important for many months to come.
12．When will the first hurricane possibly arrive in US this summer?
A．In about eight days. B．In about six months.
C．In about two months. D．In more than two weeks.
13．According to Talley, how could COVID-19 influence the response to a hurricane?
A．More people will leave home to fight against a hurricane.
B．Rescue materials might not reach disaster areas sometimes.
C．Lockdown can greatly reduce damage and injury.
D．The pandemic makes it harder to predict hurricanes.
14．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．People throughout the country no longer need to stay at home.
B．The state governments are confident about tackling hurricanes.
C．Authorities along the coasts will stick to the former orders.
D．It is necessary to keep social distance in the coming months.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．More Destructive Hurricanes to Be Expected. B．More Difficult to Forecast Hurricanes Coming.
C．COVID-19 to Worsen Hurricane Response. D．Social Distancing Needed in Coming Months.
【答案】12．D13．B14．D15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了距离美国大西洋飓风季节的开始还有两个多星期，气象预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁。然而专家表示，COVID-19正在影响美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力。应对自然灾害的官员说，新冠肺炎可能会中断向在关键时刻急需物资的地区运送紧急物资，从而使应对飓风的工作复杂化。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中The start of the U.S. Atlantic hurricane season is just over two weeks away and forecasters are expecting particularly high activity this year.可知距离美国大西洋飓风季节的开始还有两个多星期，气象预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁。由此可知，今年夏天第一场飓风将在未来两个多星期到达美国。故选D。
13．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段According to Talley, the COVID-19 could complicate the response to a hurricane by interrupting the flow of emergency supplies to areas where they are urgently needed at crucial moments.可知据Talley说，新冠肺炎可能会中断向在关键时刻急需物资的地区运送紧急物资，从而使应对飓风的工作复杂化。由此可知，根据Talley 的话，可知COVID-19会导致救援物资有时可能无法到达灾区，从而影响对飓风的响应。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段Social distancing and stay-at-home orders will also force authorities along the south and east coast to rethink how they manage people who must leave their homes in the event of a disaster. While many states are already lifting some lockdown restrictions, social distancing will still be important for many months to come.可知保持社会距离和留在国内的命令也将迫使南部和东部沿海地区的政府重新考虑如何管理那些在灾难发生时必须离开家园的人们。虽然许多州已经解除了一些封锁限制，但在未来几个月里，社交距离仍然很重要。由此可推知，在接下来的几个月里保持社交距离是必要的。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第三段Experts say that the COVID-19 is affecting the capabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other organizations involved in responding to natural disasters.可知专家表示，COVID-19正在影响美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力。结合主要说明了距离美国大西洋飓风季节的开始还有两个多星期，气象预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁。然而专家表示，COVID-19正在影响美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力。应对自然灾害的官员说，新冠肺炎可能会中断向在关键时刻急需物资的地区运送紧急物资，从而使应对飓风的工作复杂化。由此可知，C选项“COVID-19将恶化对飓风的应对措施”最符合文章标题。故选C。
Robots are often cast in popular science fiction as the bad characters that take over the world and enslave mankind. But with the beginning of some serious diseases, robots are increasingly being employed as helpers, taking on often dull, difficult and dangerous tasks and thus reducing humans' exposure to some terrifying virus.
In the United States, two of the main ways in which robotic technology is being used in the hospitals are to disinfect(消毒）hospital rooms and act as a telemedicine portal, allowing doctors and health care workers to communicate via video conference directly with patients without unnecessarily exposing themselves to those highly infectious virus.
In Boston, doctors, researchers and robotics engineers have teamed up to bring a friendly, dog-like, four-legged robot named Spot into Brigham and Women' s Hospital, allowing doctors to communicate with patients via telemedicine.
In March, at the start of the pandemic, a league from hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Spot's manufacturer-Boston Dynamnics, began testing the robot's design to enable Spot to communicate with patients, thus reducing the exposure of frontline health care workers to the virus. In the place of a head, Spot has an iPad affixed to a stand, allowing doctors to conduct telemedicine services with their patients.
“Most people actually really like it,” says Dr. Peter Chai, an emergency medicine physician who serves as the hospital's chief researcher on the robot project.
Researchers are working to increase the robot's diagnostic abilities, enabling it to measure the patients temperature and his or her respiratory rate (呼吸率）.
Chai predicts that hospitals will continue to find more ways to use robots, and tie wonders whether robots can deliver supplies to rooms or see patients with other infectious diseases
12．What words can best describe the jobs robots are employed to do?
A．Normal and easy. B．Exciting and dangerous.
C．Dirty and complex. D．Frightening and difficult.
13．Why are robots being used in American hospitals?
A．To save money. B．To replace doctors.
C．To protect doctors from infecting virus. D．To deliver supplies to patients and doctors.
14．What do we know about Spot?
A．It is a friendly dog.
B．It can deliver supplies to hospital rooms.
C．It can help adjust the patient's temperature.
D．It allows doctors to conduct telemedicine services.
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Spot the Robot Dog
B．Train Robot Doctors
C．Robots Being Used in Hospital
D．Robots in Popular Science Fiction
【答案】12．D13．C14．D15．C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章通过例子介绍了机器人被用于医院，减少了医务人员接触可怕病毒的机会，通过机器人头部装置让医生和医护人员通过视频与患者沟通，对病人进行远程医疗服务。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的But with the beginning of some serious diseases, robots are increasingly being employed as helpers, taking on often dull, difficult and dangerous tasks and thus reducing humans' exposure to some terrifying virus.可知随着一些严重疾病的开始，机器人越来越多地被用作助手，承担枯燥、困难和危险的任务，从而减少了人类接触某些可怕病毒的机会。即机器人从事的是枯燥、困难和危险的任务，故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中的reducing humans' exposure to some terrifying virus.和第二段中的act as a telemedicine portal, allowing doctors and health care workers to communicate via video conference directly with patients without unnecessarily exposing themselves to those highly infectious virus.可知机器人被用于美国医院，是为了减少医务人员接触某些可怕病毒的机会，通过机器人让医生和医护人员通过视频与患者沟通，来防止医生感染病毒。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段In Boston, doctors, researchers and robotics engineers have teamed up to bring a friendly, dog-like, four-legged robot named Spot into Brigham and Women' s Hospital, allowing doctors to communicate with patients via telemedicine.和第四段In the place of a head, Spot has an iPad affixed to a stand, allowing doctors to conduct telemedicine services with their patients.可知Spot使医生通过远程医疗与患者沟通变为可能，通过Spot头部的iPad，医生对病人进行远程医疗服务。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。文章通过例子介绍了机器人被用于医院，减少了医务人员接触可怕病毒的机会，通过机器人头部装置让医生和医护人员通过视频与患者沟通，对病人进行远程医疗服务。Robots Being Used in Hospital概括了文章内容，适合作为标题。故选C。
Chinese high school students have the most positive attitude towards online learning compared with those in the United States, Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK), according to a report released by China Youth Daily.
The study, conducted by researchers at China Youth and Children Research Center, including their counterparts in the other three countries, covered 3,903 Chinese high school students, 1,521 US high school students, 2,204 Japanese high school students and 1,618 high school students of the ROK.
The report showed that most of the surveyed students in the four countries embrace online learning.
Online learning is important" is perceived by 87.1 percent of Chinese students, and "on-learning is interesting" is supported by 91.2 percent of Chinese students, both a little higher than that in any of the other three countries.
More than 94 percent of Chinese high school students believe that online learning can expend scope of knowledge, while 86.8 percent believe that they can learn from first-class teachers via the Internet, according to the report.
Through online learning can push the boundaries of time and space, the report said the students were easily distracted, adding that students in the four countries expressed similar concern such as poor vision, reliance on the Internet and less effort in problem-solving on their own.
8．What do most Chinese students think of online learning?
A．It is of great importance.
B．It is helpful but kind of boring.
C．It helps them stay focused at home.
D．It is less interesting than classroom learning.
9．Which can best explain "embrace" underlined in paragraph 3?
A．Schedule. B．Accept. C．Abandon. D．Update.
10．Which of the following is one of the advantages of online learning?
A．It makes students feel at school.
B．Students can attend classes given by excellent teachers.
C．Students will work harder when they are learning online.
D．It enables students to know more about their classmates.
11．What can we infer from the text?
A．China Daily did the study.
B．American students dislike online learning.
C．Students in the world enjoy online learning.
D．Online learning may lead to students' bad eyesight.
【答案】8．A9．B10．B11．D
【解析】本文是一篇调查报告，据《中国青年报》近日发布的一份报告显示，与美国、日本和韩国相比，中国高中生对网络学习的态度最为积极；同时报道又指出了网络学习的利弊。
8．细节理解题。本题题干意为：大多数中国学生对在线学习有什么看法?根据文章第一段Chinese high school students have the most positive attitude towards online learning，以及第四段Online learning is important" is perceived by 87.1 percent of Chinese students.可以推断出，大多数的中国学生认为网络学习很重要。故选A。
9．词义猜测题。由第二段Online learning is important "is perceived by 87.1 percent of Chinese students, and "on-learning is interesting" is supported by 91.2 percent of Chinese students, both a little higher than that in any of the other three countries.(87.1%的中国学生认为“在线学习很重要”，而91.2%的中国学生认为“在线学习很有趣”，这两个比例都略高于其他三个国家)可知，四个国家的学生是支持网上学习的。故选B。
10．推理判断题。本题题干意为：下列哪项是网上学习的优势之一？根据文章第五段More than 94 percent of Chinese high school students believe that online learning can expend scope of knowledge, while 86.8 percent believe that they can learn from first-class teachers via the Internet, according to the report.(报告显示，超过94%的中国高中生认为网络学习可以拓展知识面，而86.8%的人认为他们可以通过网络向一流的老师学习)可知，C项：学生可以参加优秀教师的课程，符合题意。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Through online learning can push the boundaries of time and space, the report said the students were easily distracted, adding that students in the four countries expressed similar concern such as poor vision, reliance on the Internet and less effort in problem-solving on their own. 报告称，由于在线学习跨越了时间和空间的界限，学生们很容易分心。此外，这四个国家的学生也表达了类似的担忧，比如视力不佳、依赖网络、独立解决问题的能力较差。由此可知，在线学习可能会导致学生视力差。故选D。
Why are some people better able to fight off the flu than others? Part of the answer, according to a new study, is related to the first flu strain we encounter in childhood.
Scientists from UCLA and the University of Arizona have found that people’s ability to fight off the flu virus is determined not only by the sub types of flu they have had throughout their lives, but also by the sequence (顺序) in which they have been infected by those viruses. Their study was published in the open-access journal PLoS Pathogens. The research offers an explanation for why some people become much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus.
In addition, UCLA scientists, including Professor James Lloyd-Smith, who was also a senior author of the PLoS Pathogens research, recently completed a study that analyzed travel-related screening for the novel coronavirus (冠状病毒) 2019-nCoV. The researchers reported that screening travelers is not very effective for the 2019 coronavirus ― that it will catch less than half of infected travelers, on average ― and that most infected travelers are undetectable, meaning that they have no symptoms yet, and are unaware that they have been exposed. So stopping the spread of the virus is not simply a matter of enhancing screening methods at airports and other travel centers.
“This puts the onus (职责) on government officials and public health officials to follow up with travelers after they arrive, to isolate them and trace their contacts if they get sick later,” said Lloyd-Smith, a UCLA professor of ecology and evolutionary biology. “Many governments have started to impose quarantines (隔离), or even travel bans, as they realize that screening is not sufficient to stop the spread of the coronavirus.”
One major concern, Lloyd-Smith said is that other countries, especially developing nations, lack the infrastructure and resources for those measures, and are therefore vulnerable to importing the disease. “Much of the public health world is very concerned about the virus being introduced into Africa or India, where large populations exist that do not have access to advanced medical care,” he said.
1. What is the significance of the scientists’ research?
A. It explains the cause of the flu virus.
B. It reduces the risk of people being infected.
C. It analyzes people’s ability to fight off the virus.
D. It stops the spread of the flu virus all around the world.
2. What do we know about the novel coronavirus from Paragraph 3?
A. Travelers are at high risk of being exposed to it.
B. It is more difficult to stop its spread than expected.
C. Most travelers infected with it are detected by screening.
D. It spreads especially quickly at airports and railway stations.
3. Why does the writer mention Lloyd-Smith’s words in Paragraph 4?
A. To persuade people not to travel.
B. To provide a method to kill the virus.
C. To show the harmful effects of the virus.
D. To stress the responsibilities of officials.
4. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “vulnerable” in the last paragraph?
A. Easy. B. Impossible. C. Responsible. D. Indifferent.
参考答案：1-4 C B D A
With races delayed and outdoor exercise limited, the coronavirus pandemic（冠状病毒疫情）has put the brakes on China’s previously booming marathon industry as event organizers struggle to make ends meet during the crisis. The sparse turnout（到场人数）of runners at Beijing’s Olympic Forest Park these days bears witness to the decline.
Despite the successful containment of the outbreak in China, fears over the potential risks of mass gatherings clearly remain within the running community, while the virus-enforced business shutdown has created a severe challenge to organizers and promoters involved in the sport. Event organizers are struggling to survive through the crisis with the majority of their source of income dried up.
Last Thursday’s cancellation of the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathon showed that local governing bodies and organizers remain cautious against the virus despite a growing urge among the running community to get back to normality. With this year’s emptied spring schedule, industry experts expect that businesses face a daunting（令人生畏的）second half of the year even if races are allowed to restart.
“Due to the delay of events originally scheduled in the first half, the number of races will skyrocket in the second half if the government gives the green light,” said Chen Guoqiang, a sports sociology researcher at Shanghai University of Sport. “Event organizers will have to compete harder against each other to attract enough runners, sponsors and media exposure to make their races profitable.”
Bao Mingxiao, director of the China Sports Economic Research Center, suggests that race organizers and promoters should focus on improving race quality by providing more professional services and better online interactions with participants whenever events restart. “The rising public awareness of having a healthy lifestyle will only be strengthened after the coronavirus crisis,” Bao said during an online forum earlier last month. “For the long term, the sport participation and consumption will be very likely to bounce back.”
1. What problem does the author talk about in paragraph 1?
A. People’s health is worsening. B. The marathon industry is suffering.
C. People are living beyond their income. D. The popularity of outdoor sport is declining.
2. What does the underlined word “containment” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Recovery. B. Treatment. C. Control. D. Prediction.
3. What does the cancellation of the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathon indicate?
A. Most industries are facing difficulties.
B. The coronavirus is still very serious.
C. Less and less runners are interested in the races.
D. The government is still careful about the coronavirus.
4. What’s Bao’s attitude towards the future of the market for running events?
A. Neutral. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Doubtful.
5. Which of the following can be the best title of this text?
A. A Tough Road to Recovery B. The Development of Sport
C. The Importance of Exercise D. A Promising Future of Economy
【参考答案】BCDBA
Flies won’t transmit COVID-19
With the arrival of summer, many people are worried about contracting COVID-19 through mosquitoes or flies.
In response to the concern, Wang Liping, a researcher from the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said there is not yet evidence of people getting infected with the novel coronavirus through a mosquito or fly. She made her remarks at a news conference on Saturday. She said the virus is mainly spread through respiratory droplets and physical contact.
Djokovic gets COVID-19
Novak Djokovic tested positive for the coronavirus on Tuesday after taking part in a tennis exhibition series he organized. His wife also tested positive.
Djokovic has been criticized for organizing the tournament and bringing in players from other countries during the coronavirus pandemic (全国或全球性流行病). Viktor Troicki said Tuesday he and his pregnant wife have both been diagnosed with the virus, while Grigor Dimitrov, another tennis player, said Sunday he tested positive.
Kids are more prepared against virus
Children may be protected from coronavirus because they catch so many colds, scientists have suggested. Figures from the Office for National Statistics suggest children are just as likely to pick up the virus, but few ever develop serious disease, or even show symptoms.
While adults pick up a cold around two to four times a year, school age children catch an average of 12 colds annually, studies have shown. It may allow youngsters to build up some ongoing resistance that adults do not have.
Special bonds are to be issued
China will issue 100 billion yuan in special government bonds for COVID-19 control measures to balance epidemic control with economic and social development, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) said Monday. The MOF will issue two kinds of bonds, including 50 billion yuan in five-year bonds and 50 billion yuan in seven-year bonds, the MOF said in a statement. Both will be traded on June 23, 2020. China will pursue a more proactive and impactful policy this year to release more funds for companies and individuals.
21．Who is less likely to get COVID-19 according to the passage?
A．Children. B．Adults. C．Males. D．Females.
22．Which of the following is true?
A．People will get infected with the novel coronavirus if they are bitten by mosquitoes or flies.
B．Novak Djokovic,Viktor Troicki, Grigor Dimitrov and their wives were all tested positive.
C．Children who often catch colds are more easily to be infected with the novel coronavirus.
D．China is actively taking measures to balance epidemic control with economic and social development.
23．What does the news have in common?
A．They tell us to keep away from mosquitoes or flies.
B．They tell us something about the novel coronavirus.
C．They advise us to ignore the virus and take more exercise.
D．They advise us to make full use of our savings to make money.
【答案】21．A22．D23．B
【解析】本文是新闻报道。报道了几则和新型冠状病毒有关的新闻。
21．细节理解题。根据第三则新闻Kids are more prepared against virus中Children may be protected from coronavirus because they catch so many colds,. …children are just as likely to pick up the virus, but few ever develop serious disease, or even show symptoms.和school age children catch an average of 12 colds annually, … It may allow youngsters to build up some ongoing resistance that adults do not have.等内容可知研究表明因为儿童经常感冒，这使他们具有了成年人没有的持续的抵抗力，患新冠的几率比较小。即使他们感染病毒，也很少会发展成严重疾病。即儿童比成年人患新冠的几率更小，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一部分Special bonds are to be issued中China will issue 100 billion yuan in special government bonds for COVID-19 control measures to balance epidemic control with economic and social development,和China will pursue a more proactive and impactful policy this year to release more funds for companies and individuals.可知中国将发行1000亿元人民币的新冠肺炎专项政府债券，促进疫情防控与经济社会发展相协调。中国将采取更加积极有效的政策，为企业和个人提供更多资金。这都说明中国正在积极采取措施，努力实现疫情防控与经济社会发展的平衡。故选D。
23．推理判断题。第一部分标题Flies won’t transmit COVID-19和there is not yet evidence of people getting infected with the novel coronavirus through a mosquito or fly.说明苍蝇和蚊子不会传播新冠病毒。第二部分Djokovic gets COVID-19介绍了几名感染新冠病毒的网球运动员。第三部分标题Kids are more prepared against virus和内容说明了儿童患新冠的几率比较小。第四部分China will issue 100 billion yuan in special government bonds for COVID-19 control measures to balance epidemic control with economic and social development,介绍了中国为应对新冠疫情采取的经济措施。综上可知，这四则新闻都是有关新冠的内容，故选B。
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