不定式做后置定语

不定式作后置定语

动词不定式作定语，修饰其前面的名词或代词，也叫中心词，动词不定式跟中心词有逻辑关系，大致分为主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和状语关系等。

1 主谓关系：不定式的动作是不定式所修饰的中心词来执行。可以改成定语从句。

1) 不定式还可用来修饰人。

He is a man to finish his task best.他是完成任务最好的人。

→He is a man who has finished his task best.

He was a brave man to do what he did.他是个敢做敢当的勇敢之人。

→He was a brave man who could do what he did.

2) 不定式常可用来修饰物，表示某物要做某事。

The next train to arrive was from New York.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。

→The next train which would arrive was from New York.

The world mathematics conference to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.下月将在北京召开的世界数学大会一定取得圆满成功。

→The world mathematics conference which is going to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.

2 动宾关系：不定式所修饰的中心词跟不定式有动宾关系。可改成定语从句。跟主谓关系一样，不定式修饰的既可以是人，也可以是物。不定式动作的执行者可能是句子的主语，也有可能是句子的宾语；有时不定式动作的执行者暗含在上下文中；有时用for somebody/something指出动作的执行者；有时根本不知道是谁。

1) 及物动词不定式：动词不定式直接放在所修饰的中心词之后。

Do you have anything to say (which you will have to say)? 你有什么要说的吗？

This is a delicious cake for you to eat (which you can eat).这是一个给你吃的美味蛋糕。

2) 不及物动词不定式：由于不定式跟中心词有动宾关系，因此不及物动词或短语之后应该使用相应的介词。

She has a room to live in.她有一间房子住。

He has a child to take care of.他有一个孩子要照管。

3) 有些名词接不定式做定语，可以省略介词，它们是：place, reason, time, way等。

Is that the way to do it (in which/that it can be done)? 这是做这个事情的方法吗？

You need a place to sleep (where/in which you can sleep).你需要一个睡觉的地方。

It is time to go to bed (at which/when/thatwe went to bed).该上床睡觉的时候了。

4) 不定式所修饰的名词，可以是及物动词的宾语、双宾语动词的宾语，也可以是及物短语动词的宾语。

He found no good music to enjoy.他发现没有好音乐可欣赏。(music是及物动词found的宾语)

They brought her some clothes to wash.他们带给她一些要洗的衣服。(clothes是双宾语动词brought的直接宾语)

She looked for some interesting novels toread.她找一些有趣的小说来阅读。(novels是短语动词looked for的宾语)

3 同位关系：不定式跟中心词有同位关系。这类名词一般都只能用不定式作定语。

1) 某些由同源动词转变而来的名词，同源动词以不定式做宾语，同源名词则以不定式做定语，不定式跟中心词是同位关系。这样只能以不定式作定语的名词：ability, anxiety, attempt, curiosity, decision, desire, disposition, failure, freedom, inclination, obligation, offer, permission, plan, promise, refusal, reluctance, temptation, tendency, willingness, wish, yearning等。

I have no wish to quarrel (= don't wish to quarrel) withyou.我并不希望跟你吵架。

Their decision to leave (=That they decided to leave) was very annoying.他们决定走叫人心烦。

You haven't kept your promise to write (=promised towrite) us regularly.你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。

2) 某些以不定式作状语的形容词，派生转化为同源名词后，也可以用不定式作定语。不定式跟这个名词中心词也是同位关系。在这种结构中，不能用分词形式。

Her anxiety to succeed led her to workhard.她迫切想成功，这促使她努力工作。

His ability to get on with people is hischief advantage.他能和人相处是他的主要优势。

4 状语关系：中心词接上适当的介词可以看成是不定式的状语。

1) 修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，也可以使用介词接动名词的方式。这类名词通常表示抽象概念，后面用动词不定式做定语，解释中心词的内容。这样的名词有如：ambition, campaign, chance, honor, mood, need,necessity, plan, opportunity, reason, right, time, way等。

Give me your reasons to go/for going there.告诉我你去那儿的理由。

He told me his plan to buy/for buying avilla.他跟我说，他计划买栋别墅。

I had no chance to speak/of speaking tohim.我没机会跟他讲话。

2) 不及物动词加介词的不定式做定语，可以改成：preposition + whom/which +to do结构。

Please give me a seat to sit on/on which to sit.请给我一条凳子坐坐。

He's looking for a place to live in/in which to live.他在找住的地方。

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