Translation of Useful Expressions Chinese expressions黄河流域 文化融合，政治统一游牧部落疆域小农经济封建主经济自然经济形态农、林、牧、副、渔中原重农轻商24节气战国时期男耕女织 自给自足的自然经济一盘散沙草根阶层人头税 水能载舟，亦能覆舟多元一体吐故纳新炎黄子孙礼仪之邦大一统观念甲骨文铭文 象形、指事、会意、形声（examples）四书五经书同文、行同伦儒、道、佛、法家焚书坑儒无为而治 独尊儒术、罢黜百家四大发明 English TranslationYellow River Valley Cultural fusion and political unitynomadic tribesmen Territory; realm; frontierThe small-scale peasant economy Suzerain/ landlord / owner-peasant economyThe natural economic pattern Agriculture, forestation, herding, fishing and third industry cooperationThe Central plains Encourage farming, limit commerceThe 24 Solar TermsThe Warring States period The man cultivating the land and the woman weaving at homeSelf-sufficient natural economyA sheet of loose sandThe grass-roots levelThe poll tax The water that carries the boat can also overturn it.Integrated pluralism Discard the old and embrace the newthe descendants of Yandi and HuangdiThe land of ceremony and proprietyThe conception of great national unity The inscriptions on tortoise shells or animal bonesThe inscriptions on bronze or copper wares Pictographs, self-explanatory, associative compounds, pictophonetic method The Four Books and The Five Classics The standardized written language and behaviors Confucianism, Classical Taoist thinking, Buddhism, the Legalist School Burn books and bury Confucian scholars aliveTo govern by doing nothing Pay supreme tribute to Confucianism while banning all other schools of thoughts Four Great Inventions of Ancient China:1the invention of paper making technology
2the art of printing 3the making of the gunpowder4the compass 守内虚外重文轻武清明上河图 Chinese expressions求和谐，主平衡消灾祈福临时抱佛脚六合内圣外王 真诚、正心、修身齐家治国平天下中庸天人合一大一统集体利益人伦 普天之下莫非王土，率土之滨莫非王臣《史记》宗族关系赴汤蹈火中华民族的脊梁否极泰来以柔克刚一张一弛仁者爱人仁政以民为本 民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻性善论小国寡民无为而治汉代经学 The theory of original goodness of human natureA small state with a small populationThe rule of inaction Imperial Confucianism in the Han DynastyInternal defense and external slackening Lay stress on the cultural achievement while make light of the military exploits The scroll of painting: the festival of Pure Brightness on the River English Translation Seek for Harmony and Maintaining EquilibriumAvert calamities and pray for blessings Clasp Buddha’s feet when in trouble—seek help at the last moment The six realms of Heaven and Earth, East and West, North and South Internalized as cultivation and externalized as governance of virtue Sincerity, integrity and intellectual cultivation Keep your family in order, govern the state effectively and bring peace to the worldThe golden mean Oneness of man and natureGreat National Unity Values of Collectivism/ Collective interestHuman relations All the land under the sun belongs to the king; all the people within this country are the king’s subjects.The Historical RecordsThe patriarchal relationsGo through fire and water The spiritual tower of Chinese nationOut of depth of misfortune comes blissConquer the rigid with the gentleAlternate tension with relaxationThe benevolent love othersBenevolent government People are the foundation of the state People come first, the state comes second and the king third 课堂重点
