高中物理必修2知识点总结
章节 | 具体内容 | 主要相关公式 | |
一 功 和 功率 | 1、机械功 | ①机械功的含义 ②机械功的计算 | ▲功 |
2、功和能 | ①机械功原理 ②做功和能的转化 | ▲ 功的原理
| |
3、功率 | ①功率的含义 ②功率与力、速度的关系 | ▲ 功率 | |
4、人与机械 | ①功率与机械效率 ②机械的使用 | ▲ 机械效率 | |
二 能的转化与守恒 | 1、动能的改变 | ①动能 ②恒力做功与动能改变的关系（实验 ③动能定理 | ▲动能 ▲动能定理 |
2、势能的改变 | ①重力势能 ②重力做功与重力势能的改变 ③弹性势能的改变 | ▲重力势能 ▲ 重力做功
| |
3、能量守恒定律 | ①机械能的转化和守恒的实验探索 ②机械能守恒定律 ③能量守恒定律 | ▲ 只有重力作用下，机械能守恒
| |
4、能源与可持续发展 | ①能量转化和转移的方向性 ②能源开发与可持续发展 | ||
三 抛体运动 | 1、运动的合成与分解 | ①运动的独立性 ②运动合成与分解的方法 | |
2、竖直方向上的抛体运动 | ①竖直下抛运动 ②竖直上抛运动 | ▲ 竖直下抛
▲ 竖直上抛
| |
3、平抛运动 | ①什么是平抛运动 ②平抛运动的规律 | ▲ 抛出点坐标原点，任意时刻位置
| |
4、斜抛运动 | ①斜抛运动的轨迹 ②斜抛运动物体的射高和射程 | ▲ 斜抛初速度
| |
四 匀速圆周运动 | 1、匀速圆周运动快慢的描述 | ①线速度 ②角速度 ③周期、频率和转速 ④线速度、角速度、周期的关系 | ▲ 线速度 ▲ 角速度 ▲ 周期与频率 ▲ |
2、向心力与向心加速度 | ①向心力及其方向 ②向心力的大小 ③向心加速度 | ▲ 向心力 ▲ 向心加速度
| |
3、向心力的实例分析 | ①转弯时的向心力实例分析 ②竖直平面内的圆周运动实例分析 | ||
4、离心运动 | ①认识离心运动 ②离心机械 ③离心运动的危害及其防止 | ||
五 万有引力定律及其应用 | 1、万有引力定律及其引力常量的测定 | ①行星运动的规律 ②万有引力定律 ③引力常量的测定及其意义 | ▲ 万有引力定律 |
2、万有引力定律的应用 | ①人造文星上天 ②预测未知天体 | ▲ 第一宇宙速度
▲ 第二宇宙速度 ▲ 第三宇宙速度 | |
3、人类对太空的不懈追求 | ①古希腊人的探索 ②文艺复兴的撞击 ③牛顿的大综合 ④对太空的探索 | ||
六 相对论与量子论初步 | 1、高速世界 | ①高速世界的两个基本原理 ②时间延缓效应 ③长度缩短效应 ④质速关系 ⑤质能关系 ⑥时空弯曲 | ▲ 相对论时空观
▲ 长度缩短效应 ▲ 质速关系 ▲ 质能关系 |
2、量子世界 | 1、“紫外灾难” 2、不连续的能量 3、物质的波粒二象性 | ▲ 量子的能量 | |
2010-5-21
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