Unit5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero知识点详解
Ⅰ. 常考单词必背
1．quality n．质量；品质；性质
Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality.
优质酒比劣质酒花费多。
[快速闪记]
(1)of high/good quality 优质的
of low/poor quality 劣质的
in quality 在质量上
(2)形近意异词：quantity n．数量；大量
2．mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 v. 意思是；意欲，打算；意味着
Don't be so mean to your little brother!
别对你弟弟那么刻薄！
[快速闪记]
(1)be mean to sb 对某人刻薄
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着……
be meant for 为……而准备的
be meant to be... 注定成为……
(2)means n. 方式；方法；途径
3．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于
She devoted herself to her career and never married all her life.她全力倾注于自己的事业，一生没有结婚。
[快速闪记]
(1)devote one's life/energy/time...to (doing) sth 把某人的生命/精力/时间…… 用在/献给(做)某事上
devote oneself to 献身于……；致力于……
be devoted to 献身于；专心于
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；专心
4．found vt. 建立；建设
They founded/set up the company by themselves.
他们自己创办了这家公司。
[快速闪记]
(1)found...on/upon... 把……建在……上；把……基于……(此结构一般不用于进行时)
(2)founder n．奠基者，创立者，创办人
foundation n．建设，创立；基础
5．guidance n．指导；领导 guide vt. 引路，指导 n．指导者；向导，导游
6．vote vt.&vi.投票；选举 n. 投票；选票；表决
Whether you vote for or against the proposal doesn't seem to matter very much.
无论你对这项提议投赞成票还是反对票，好像都不是很重要。
[快速闪记]
vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
vote through 投票通过
vote on... 就……投票表决
vote to do... 投票做……
7．attack vt.&n. 进攻；攻击；抨击
He was attacked for his speech on all the newspapers.
所有的报纸都因他的言论对他进行抨击。
[快速闪记]
(1)attack sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而责难某人
be attacked with 患/得(病)
(2)make an attack on/against 攻击，袭击；抨击
under attack 遭到攻击；遭到抨击
8．equal adj. 相等的；平等的 v. 等于；比得上，敌得过 n. 同等的人；相等物
It is evident that he is not equal to the job.
显然，他不能胜任这个工作。
[快速闪记]
(1)be equal to 胜任；相等
equal sb in sth 在某方面与某人匹敌
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比；无敌
(2)equally adv. 平等地；同样地
equality n. 平等；相等
9．escape vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露 n. 逃跑；逃脱
She managed to escape from the burning car.
她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
[快速闪记]
escape from 从……逃脱、逃跑
escape＋ n./doing sth 避开(做)某事
escape death 死里逃生
a narrow escape 九死一生
10．educate vt. 教育；训练 educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的
Children should be educated to protect the environment.
应该教育孩子们保护环境。
[快速闪记]
(1)educate sb to do sth 教育某人做某事
educate oneself 自学，自修
be educated at/in a college 接受大学教育，上大学
(2)education n. 教育
educator n. 教育工作者；教育家
11．reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏
They rewarded him for saving the child.
他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。
[快速闪记]
(1)reward sb for (doing) sth 为(做)某事奖赏某人
reward sb with sth 用……奖赏(酬谢)某人
(2)as a reward for 作为酬谢；作为……的奖赏
in reward (for) 作为(对……的)回报、奖赏
12．sentence vt. 判决；宣判
He has been sentenced to pay a fine of $200 for drunk driving.他因酒驾被判罚款二百美元。
[快速闪记]
be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
sentence sb to do... 判决某人接受……的刑罚
sentence sb to death 判处某人死刑
Ⅱ. 高频短语必会
1．as a matter of fact＝in fact 事实上
I'm going there tomorrow，as a matter of fact.
其实，我明天是准备去那里。
2．blow up 使充气；爆炸
A chemical factory blew up in the North of England.
英国北部的一座化工厂爆炸了。
3．in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
[快速闪记]
(1)ask for trouble 自找麻烦
get into trouble 陷入困境
take the trouble to do sth 不辞劳苦地做某事
make trouble 惹麻烦
(2)in pain 痛苦地 in order 整齐地
in anger 愤怒地 in poverty 在贫穷中
4．turn to 求助于；致力于
She turned to the study of medicine after graduation.
毕业后，她致力于医学研究。
[快速闪记]
turn around/round 转过去，转身
turn up 调高；出现 turn down 调低；拒绝
turn on/off 打开/关闭 turn in 上交
turn out 生产，制造；结果是……
turn over 翻过来；移交
5．lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
[快速闪记]
lose one's heart to 爱上、倾心于……
learn sth by heart 背诵，牢记
put one's heart into 专心于
break sb's heart 使某人很伤心
heart and soul 全心全意，完全地
Ⅲ. 写作句式必学
1．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress...
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步……
2．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
……直到那时我们才决定以暴力反抗暴力。
3．But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这将有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。
4．It was a prison from which no one escaped.
这是一座任何人都无法逃出的监狱。
5．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次与一群人说话时我感到不舒服。
Ⅳ. 短文语法填空，然后背诵短文，熟记本单元的重点词汇。
A Great President
As the founder of the republic，the president had many good __1__(quality)．Beforecoming to power，he was a generous lawyer.He was willing to__2__(selfless) help everyone __3__ turned to him.He accepted no fee to offer legal guidance and opinions to those who were out of work or uneducated. Later，__4__(believe) all mankind to be equal，he devoted __5__ to stopping the unfair anti－black laws.He set up the Black Youth League and was voted to be the leader.However，though he __6__(keep) peaceful principles without violence and terror，his mean enemies still blew up his house andattacked his relatives，and he himself couldn't escape __7__(sentence) to 30 years in prison.
Not fearing of the prison guards'__8__(cruel)，he kept active and begged no mercy from them.As a matter of fact，he was always __9__(hope) and never lost heart during thestage even though he was in trouble.
Finally，people rewarded him __10__ the leader's position and a gold blanket.
【答案】
1. qualities 2. selflessly 3. who 4. believing 5. himself
6. kept 7. being sentenced 8. cruelty 9. hopeful 10. with
Unit5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero单元练习
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．__Having_devoted__ (devote) almost all our time to our schoolwork in the past three months, we have almost no time for fun and play.
解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语是we, 状语表示过去的时间in the past three months，因此用现在分词完成式。
2．The wetland park is __equally__(equal) attractive in spring and autumn, for the weather is pleasant in both seasons.
解析：考查副词。句意：湿地公园春秋两季同样迷人，这两个季节的气候都很好。由句意可知，填equally，意为“同等地”。
3．An increasing number of products made in China are _of_ good quality but much less expensive than those from abroad.
解析：考查介词。句意：越来越多的国产货质量很好，价格比进口的便宜很多。be of good quality“质量好的”。
4．During the past few years, the time and money he has devoted to __planting__(plant) trees in that remote area is now considered to be of great value.
解析：考查短语动词。句意：在过去的几年里，他投入了很多时间和金钱在偏远山区植树，现在被认为很有意义。devote ...to...“把……投入到……”中to是介词。
5．In the great fire, he was fortunate to escape __being_killed__(kill)．
解析：考查escape的用法。句意：在大火中，他很幸运地逃脱了死亡。escape doing sth.“逃脱做某事”。
6．It's important to learn to take a positive attitude __to/toward(s)__ life when you are __in__ trouble.
解析：句意：当你处于困境时，学会对生活保持乐观的态度是很重要的。名词attitude后用介词to或towards；in trouble“处于困境中”。
7．In time we reached a stage __where__ we had more young readers than old ones.
解析：考查stage后定语从句的关系词。句意：最终我们到了一个新读者比老读者多的阶段。在定语从句中缺少地点状语，故选where。
8．Because of too much homework, gone are the days __when__ we can play day and night.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：由于太多的作业，天天玩的日子一去不复返了。定语从句中缺少时间状语。
9．For all these years I have been working for others.I'm hoping I'll set __up__ my own business someday.
解析：句意：这些年来我一直为别人工作。我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。set up“设立；创立”。
10．__Only__ when his wife put photos of her injuries on the web did he apologize.
解析：助动词提到了主语之前，所以填only。句意：直到他的妻子将受伤的照片放在网上时，他才(向妻子)道歉。
11．There's no reason to be disappointed.As __a__ matter of fact, this could be rather amusing.
解析：句意：你没有理由失望。事实上，这可能会非常有趣。as a matter of fact＝in fact事实上，实际上。
12．Only when you can find peace in your heart __will__ you __keep__(keep) good relationships with others.
解析：本题考查部分倒装结构。句意：唯有找到内心的宁静，方能维持人际关系的和谐。“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装语序。本题中，时间状语从句when you can find peace in your heart被only修饰，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒装结构。注意：如果only修饰的不是状语而是主语，则不能用倒装。如：Only he was invited.只有他受到了邀请。
13．Students should involve themselves in community activities __where__ they can gain experience for growth.
解析：本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：学生们应该积极参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。分析句子结构可知，本句的先行词是community activities，将其移到后面的定语从句中为：they can gain experience for growth in community activities由此可知关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
14．The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform __where__ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
解析：本题考查定语从句。句意： 博物馆将在春天开放，到时有展览和游客们可以在观光台上观看正在建设中的玻璃房子。分析结构可知，此处 the viewing platform为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少地点状语，要用where引导。
15．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be__equally__(equal) respected.
解析：句意：任何一个人，不管是政府官员还是汽车司机都应该同样受到尊敬。equally“相等地，同等地”。
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1．After he __came to power__(上台执政)，President Obama carried out __a great number of__(许多) new policies on economy.
2．In 1952, Nelson Mandela __set_up_a_law_office__(成立一间法律办公室) to __offer_guidance__(提供指导) to help poor black people to defend themselves.
3．I would like to sincerely express my thanks to __those_who_help_me_in_trouble__ (那些在困难中帮助我的人)．
4．Having got the support from her family, Mary __devoted_herself_to__(全身心投入到) her career.
5．只有当你对未来充满信心时，你才会竭尽全力去克服你所面临的困难。(only＋状语从句)
__Only_when_you_are_confident_of_your_future_will_you__ try your best to overcome the difficulty you face.
6．我第一次见到他，就不得不为他的敬业精神所震撼。
__The_first_time_I_saw_him__， I was shocked with his __devotion_to_his_career__.
7．以我之见，即使你失业也不要灰心。
__In_my_opinion__， never__lose_heart__ even if you are __out_of_work__.
8．他不仅为人大方，乐于助人，还积极参加许多课外活动。(部分倒装句)
Not only is he generous and willing to help others ， but he also takes an active part in after-class activities.
9．如果你陷入困境，请随时向我求助。
If __you_are_in_trouble__， please __turn_to_me_for_help__ at any time.
10．事实上，是你的勤奋在你的英语学习中起到了关键的作用。(强调句)
__As a matter of fact ， it is your diligence that plays an important role in your English study.
Ⅲ. 单句改错
1．After he heard the bad news, his face took on a worrying expression.
__worrying→worried__
2．Several hours later, with the help of the police, the students managed to escape the dangerous place, hungry and frightened.
__escaped后加上from__
3．The man was sentenced 10 years' imprisonment for robbing the bank.
__sentenced后加上to__
4．He led the workers in fighting the war.
__fighting后加上against__
5．As the matter of fact, social customs vary in different parts of the world.
__the改为a__
6．That football team had won no games and it lost its heart.
__去掉its__
7．Don't be worried，because there is nothing to worry.
__worry后加上about__
8．Madame Curie, devoting to science, was a great woman.
__devoting→devoted__
9．There are many cards for you to choose.
__choose后加上from__
10．It worried the public was that Phelps should take drugs.
__It→What__
Ⅳ. 语篇填空
My name is Elias.I am ①__a__ poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to ②__whom__ I went for advice.He offered ③__guidance__(guide) to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
I needed his help ④__because__ I had very little education.I began school at six.The school ⑤__where__ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees ⑥__and__ the bus fare.I could not read or write well.⑦__After__ trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook ⑧__to_live__(live) in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have ⑨__one__ because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I ⑩__would_become__(become) out of work.
Ⅴ. 教材原句
1．The time __when__ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
解析：考查定语从句。从句中不缺主语和宾语，故用关系副词；先行词为time，故填when。
2．We first broke the law in a way __which/that__ was peaceful.
解析：考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语，且先行词a way指物，故填关系代词which或that。
3．It was very dangerous because __if__ I was caught I could be put __in__ prison.
解析：第一空考查连词，表条件，故填if；第二空考查固定短语，“put...in prison”。
4．As __a__ matter of fact, I don't like violence...but in 1963 I helped him blow __up__ some government buildings.
解析：考查固定短语，as a matter of fact意为“事实上”；blow up意为“爆炸；炸毁”。
5．We were put into a position __where__ we had either to accept we were less important, __or__ fight the government.
解析：第一空考查定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且先行词position表地点，故填关系副词where；第二空为“either...or...”“要么……，要么……”。
6．He was generous __with__ his time, __for__ which I was grateful.
解析：第一空考查be generous with意为“在……慷慨”；第二空“be grateful for”“因……而感激”。
7．We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find __to_make__ (make) candles to see the words.
解析：考查不定式作目的状语。
8．Since I was better educated, I __got__(get) a job working in an office.
解析：考查时态。主从句时态一致，此处since表示“原因”。
9．He said they should not __be_stopped__ (stop) from studying for their degrees.
解析：考查被动语态。“stop...from...”表示“阻止……做……”，stop与they之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。
10．They were not __cleverer__ (clever) than me, but they __did__ pass their exams.
解析：第一空为比较级；第二空强调谓语动词，注意时态。
Ⅵ. 话题写作
用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。
1．我第一次听说史蒂芬·霍金时，就被他的奉献精神所感动。
The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion to the research .
2．在日常生活中，他处于很大的麻烦之中。
As for his daily life，he is__in_great_trouble__.
3．只有求助于电脑时，他才能讲话、阅读和写作。
Only when he__turned_to_the_computer_was_it_possible_for_him__to speak，read and write.
4．他对世界的贡献是无与伦比的。
His contributions to the world__have_no_equal__.
5．在我看来，任何东西都无法回报他对科学的贡献。
__In_my_opinion__，nothing could be__in_reward_for_his_contributions_to_science__.
组篇公式：加入适当过渡词。
答案：
The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion to the research. As for his daily life, he is in great trouble. For example, only when he turned to the computer was it possible for him to speak, read and write. However, his contributions to the world have no equal. And, in my opinion, nothing could be in reward for his contributions to science.
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