从2020年扬州中考试题看解题技巧
中考试题是准确且规范的：基础题70%，目的是要让大部分考生都能做；提高题30%（一般在短文阅读中）。考试范围不超出教材，所以正常情况下应该都能及格，然而很多人分数并不高，究其原因不外乎两个：其一，平时不认真，知识积累不足，动到真刀真枪就栽了；其二，考试马虎，不注意技巧，失分多多。
下面以2020年扬州中考试题举例分析容易失分的原因，谈谈解题技巧。见《中考指要》P184-P192
第一部分： 基础知识（考查基础知识，没有难题，但要细心，力求没有失误）
一 单项选择
（20年中考试题）9. --- This problem is far _______ me, I’m afraid I can't work it out.
--- Don't worry, we will help you. （正确：A）
A. beyond B. beside C. behind D. between
分析：从I’m afraid I can't work it out可知句意：这个题目对于我很难——即超出我的能力。类似教材中的句子：Hepburn’s achievement went beyond the film industry.
有时候，做题时要考虑到题目的“题眼”：
例题：--- He isn't interested in reading at all.
--- _____, he _____ knows nothing about the Four Chinese Classical Novels . （正确：B）
A. Yes...nearly B. No...almost C. No...mostly D. Yes...most
分析： almost与nearly是比较容易混淆的。区别： 1）almost强调“差一点……就”（=very nearly）,可用于any-,no-,等前面，但nearly不可。2）nearly表示“接近”。常可与almost换用，但在具体数字前常用nearly. 本题中nothing就是“题眼”。
不是每一道题都可以从句意上去确定答案，遇到模糊不清的题目，就要仔细推敲，果断排除不合理的选项。
例题：--- Do you know about UNICEF?
--- Yes, it’s part of the UN. Mr Johnson is UNICEF worker. （正确：C）
A: a....an B: the..../ C: /...a D: the...an
分析：后句Mr Johnson is UNICEF worker.只能填a
四 词汇运用
（20年中考试题）51. The books on the shelf are that ________. (visit) （答案：visitor’s）
分析：很多人只看到are，没能注意到that，都写成visitors’——这就是粗心惹的祸
（要熟记容易写错的词：ability form/from slim competition believe/achieve receive true communication pronounce和pronunciation affect 和 effect except和 expect attract和 attack quite和 quiet award和 reward idea和 ideal through和 though ）
七（A） 完成句子 做这道题目，必须要有句型和短语的积累。
（20年中考试题）78. 我怀疑那个活动是否值得参加。
答案：I doubt if the activity is worth taking part in.
分析：句型--- 宾语从句 短语--- be worth doing, take part in
完成句子和写作是想通的，要意译，不能“死译”。
例题：因为在公共场所没有礼貌，少数中国游客在国外不受欢迎，相反经常被嘲讽。
句中“在公共场所没有礼貌”怎么译？这里用到短语behave politely
句型--- 原因状语从句 被动语态
短语--- behave politely, in public， a few， laugh at
答案：Because they don’t behave politely in public, a few Chinese tourists are not welcome in foreign countries. Instead they are often laughed at.
(当然也可以译作 Because of bad manners, ...)
第二部分：基本技能（短文阅读，占65分，至少应该花60分钟的时间）
短文阅读，最重要的是读懂短文大意
二 完形填空 注意根据短文意思，辨别词义，特别注意上下文的呼应
A first-grade student whose best friend is battling cancer thought that hours of playing and telling jokes was not enough - he wanted to show his buddy just how he understood the 16 time he was going through.（意思：有个一年级的学生，他的伙伴正和癌症病魔作斗争，这个学生想：仅仅陪他的伙伴玩玩，讲讲笑话还不够，他要让他的伙伴知道：他能够理解小伙伴正在经历艰难的时光。）
．．．．．．
．．．．．．（他的伙伴因为治疗掉光了头发，这个学生就也剃掉了自己的头发）
He said to his teacher Mrs. Koester, "I have a surprise for Zac." And he pulled off his cap and other 22 saw that he already had all his hair 23 off.
"I did it just to make Zac feel he's not the only one without any 24 ." said Vincent.
．．．．．．
( A )16. A. hard B. exciting C. unpleasant D. pleasant
... ...
( D )24. A. friends B. money C. clothes D. hair
分析：（1）这道题的首段只有一个长句，不容易理解，但对于理解整篇文章却非常重要。
（2） “whose best friend is battling cancer” 是一个定语从句，它对于16题中区别hard和unpleasant很有用。
三 阅读理解 首先要懂短文大意， 要坚信每一条题目在文段中都会有交待，特别是推理辨别类型的题目，对于不确定的说法要细心比较,然后排除
D
A 15-year-old student who invented a flashlight(手电筒) getting power from the holder's body heat is going home today from California with a big prize and a chance to do further research.
Ann Makosinski was the only Canadian among the four winners at Google's international science competition. Thousands of young scientists from around the world took part in the competition.（45A: 在数以千计的参赛者中只有4个获胜，可见easy是不对的）
．．．．．．
In her project, Ann wrote "I made two flashlights that do not use any batteries or harmful materials. They do not create any noise and will always work.. The flashlight needs at least a 5℃ temperature difference between the holder's body and the environment around to produce light." （45B: 文中的黑体字和B答案中划线的词是吻合的.）
A video of Ann explaining how she creatcd the flashlight has been watched more than 1.4 million times on the Internet. （45D: 相关视频观众超过1.4 million,可见few people是错误的）
Though Ann was successful, she has not made a decision about her career path. Ann hope that she can find a way to join her love of film and science together. （45C: 她的职业之路还未确定，且她的爱好在于科技和电影的结合，可见has made a decision to be a scientist是错误的）
．．．．．．
45. According to the passage, we learn ________. （正确：B）
A. easy to win the international science competition
B. Hollow Flashlight is safe, noiseless and can save energy
C. Ann has made a decision to be a scientist in the future
D. few people are interested in how Ann created the flashlight
分析：这道题的难点在于要综合整段文章进行细心的比较和排除
五 任务型阅读 首先要懂短文大意，通过＂找 改 换＂完成表格, 要注意的是表格中的句型对词形的影响
It's important to develop the healthy habits in your daily life. The following will help you become healthier and keep perfect shape.
Eat properly. A healthy diet is very important for everybody. Breakfast is the most important meal in a day. Doctors suggest that students’ breakfast should include fruit, eggs, milk, rice or noodles, because these can offer them necessary energy, (注意57: 多了个with, 这样就不能填offer,而要用同义词provide。和这条题目相似的64，key to reducing stress改成help you feel 64 less_ stressed)
．．．．．．
Exercise regularly. (注意表格中的划线词，62 就需要写成相应的Exercising).
．．．．．．
Stay connected. Having regular communication with friends is the key to reducing stress. And sharing happiness and sadness, exchanging information with others can also help improve memory. Having a friend or a circle of friends can help you feel good.
六 缺词天空 首先要懂短文大意，善于用副词
Once there was a lovely vegetable field with a very big tree in it. Both the vegetables and the t________66 made the garden look wonderful. （66. tree ）
No one knew that the vegetables in the field and the tree couldn't get on well with each other. The vegetables h________67 the tree. They thought the tree did not leave them e________ 68 light to survive. On the other hand, the tree hated the vegetables. He complained that the vegetables drank nearly all the water b________69 it could get to him.
（67. hated 68. enough 69. before）
The situation became worse and worse. One day, the vegetables got angry and decided to use up all the w________70 in the ground so that the tree would dry up. The tree fought back by refusing to give the vegetables shade(树荫) from the hot sun. Soon they both began lo dry up.
（70. water）
Neither of them thought that the gardener would stop watering his vegetable f________71 when he saw it becoming worse. When the gardener did that, the tree and the vegetables really felt how t________72 they were. There seemed to be no ways to solve the problem, but one of the vegetables, a small pumpkin r________73 what was going on, and decided to deal with it. Though there was little water and it was too hot, the little pumpkin did all he could to grow... F________74 he grow very big, the gardener noticed that and started watering the field again because he wanted to win the beautiful big pumpkin competition. At the same time, the tree and the vegetables grew better. They realize s that it was better to help each other than to f________75. （71. field 72. thirsty 73. realized 74. Finally 75. fight）
From then on, they worked together and lived in harmony with these around them.
分析：从去年的试卷分析看。错误多发生在：
67 正确：hated 很多人时态错误：hate / hates 其实后一句就出现这个词了。
69 正确：before 很多人没有细心地理解句意：树也抱怨菜们在它得到水之前就把水全喝掉了。
74正确：finally 这是一个副词，因为对句意影响不大，很多人就懵了。
总结分析： 1： 任务型阅读和缺词填空都要求有丰富的词汇量，所以背单词是学好英语的基础，也是保证。
2： 从上面的分析来看，失分题目中多数是不细心，极少数是不会做的，没有超出教材范围的。
七（B） 作文 阅卷时按写的内容多少给分，所以能写多少，就要写多少，只要和题目有关，哪怕是简单的句子：比如 I like ... We must ... It’s (not) ... to.... 。（多一分好一分，试卷上任何一条题目都不应该留空）
注意点：1 仔细把要求看清楚，不能要点不全。
2 不能生造句型，课本上没学过的句型不能写。
3 答题卡上可能有写好的句子，注意连接好, 段落清楚，至少分三段。
4 书写清楚不潦草。
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