外文翻译原文及译文

2012年6月

Smart Home Technology

Link your home's lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home technology.

Smart home is expected to offer various intelligent services by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: terminal-based and non-terminal-based methods. The terminal -based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the non-terminal-based method requires no such device.

There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment. In general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate intelligent services to actively assist in the resident’s life such as housework, amusement, rest, and sleep. Hence, in order to enhance the resident’s convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be connected via a home network system, as shown in Fig. 1, and they should be controlled or monitored remotely using a television (TV) or personal digital assistant (PDA).

Especially, attention has been focused on location-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while considering human factors such as pattern of living, health, and feelings of a resident. That is, if the smart home can recognize the resident’s pattern of living or health, then home appliances should be able to anticipate the resident’s needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. For example, in a passive service environment, the resident controls the operation of the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system, while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a room according to the resident’s condition. Various indoor location-aware systems have been developed to recognize the resident’s location in the smart home or smart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three types according to the measurement technology: triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity methods [8]. The triangulation method uses multiple distances from multiple known points. Examples include Active Badges, Active Bats, and Easy Living, which use infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision sensors, respectively. The scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. Representative examples of the scene analysis method are MotionStar, which uses a DC magnetic tracker, and RADAR, which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN). Finally, the proximity method measures nearness to a known set of points. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor, which uses pressure sensors.

Alternatively, indoor location-aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carried by the resident. Terminal-based methods, such as Active Bats, do not recognize the resident’s location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident, such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Therefore, it is impossible to recognize the resident’s location if he or she is not carrying the device. In contrast, non-terminal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the resident’s location without such devices. However, Easy Living can be regarded to invade the resident’s privacy while the Smart Floor has difficulty with extendibility and maintenance.

Home automation has come a long way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. Today's "smart" home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise!

New technologies and product advances have made home technology systems more affordable than ever and have brought home systems integration into the mainstream. According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the U.S. are now using structured copper "smart" wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems.

How it Works
There are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology. Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home.

∙ Structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home. It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components. It's ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home. Also, networking is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs.

∙ Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners. However, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones.

∙ Power-line networks use a home's existing electrical lines to transmit data. They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer.

∙ Phone-line networks use a home's telephone lines to carry multiple services. Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they don't interfere with one another. Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break-in.

While the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imagination, the choices facing the average homeowner may seem daunting. The good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your home's capabilities. A home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your home's various electronic systems. These include:

Entertainment: You may have been impressed by a friend's home theatre setup one night, when they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large screen, surround sound experience. But why not take this experience further? Using fairly simple automation technology, you could push a "movie" button on a touch pad in your family room. The lights would dim, the blinds would close, the popcorn maker would spring into action, the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service. With a little creativity and planning, all these events can be achieved using a home network.

It would be equally simple, using motion sensors and your stereo system, to play music every time you enter a room in your home -- something upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study -- the possibilities are endless. Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your TV.

You could even monitor your children's television and video-game habits, when you're not at home by programming the network to alert your cell phone if your children watch too much television or inappropriate programming. Or you can simply program the TV or gaming console to shut off after a certain amount of time.

Security: Using smart home automation technology, you can program your lights to simulate normal in-home activity when you're away. For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights and TV will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened. And this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend.

To protect against break-ins, you can position web cams at home entrances and install an alarm system that uses heat and motion sensors to alert you and a remote security company in the case of an intruder.

In the case of fire, your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a signal to your air-conditioning system fans to shut down, alert you and specified contacts and illuminate an evacuation route throughout the house.

Energy: Energy savings can be realized by automating thermostats, lights and other environmental systems such as garden sprinklers and fountains. Integrating all of these into one environmental system can help ensure a minimum waste of energy in your home. For example, on a hot, sunny day, weather sensors can activate blind and drapery controls to shade your home, and ensure that your garden receives adequate irrigation at the right time of day. Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls as you enter and exit rooms.

Today’s new smart IR sensors represent a union of two rapidly evolving sciences that combine IR temperature measurement with high-speed digital technologies usually associated with the computer. These instruments are called smart sensors because they incorporate microprocessors programmed to act as transceivers for bidirectional, serial communications between sensors on the manufacturing floor and computers in the control room (see Photo 1). And because the circuitry is smaller, the sensors are smaller, simplifying installation in tight or awkward areas. Integrating smart sensors into new or existing process control systems offers an immediate advantage to process control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and control.

When you leave for work in the morning, your house could "check" for and turn off unnecessary energy consumers such as radios, TVs, stoves and irons (a nice safety feature). On your way home, you could use your cell phone or computer to change the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak.

Appliances: From toasters to fridges to picture frames, the possibilities for networking computerized household appliances are limited only by your imagination and budget. Your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family message center via a built-in screen. Coffee makers and other small appliances (such as toasters) can be activated remotely or as part of a sequence of events. You can even imitate Bill Gates and install framed electronic artwork that changes depending on the preference of the person who enters a room, or purchase Internet-connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for a constantly updated family portrait wall.

The key to making your home more comfortable, enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps:

∙ Plan: Discuss automation needs and wants with your family members so you can plan ahead. Take into consideration your home's layout in terms of traffic and furniture.

∙ Consult: Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and learn about their experiences with home automation; what worked, what didn't, what do they wish they had done differently?

∙ Decide: What do you definitely want to be able to do? What is optional? Will you install the network yourself or leave it to a professional? What kind of network and what types of technology best suit your needs? Home automation, from security systems to intelligent appliances, is becoming an accessible reality. With some careful planning and a little help, you too can enjoy the benefits of a "smart" home

Intelligent Homes, Building Management Systems (BMS) encompasses an enormous variety of technologies, across commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic buildings, including energy management systems and building controls. The function of Building Management Systems is central to 'Intelligent Buildings' concepts; its purpose is to control, monitor and optimise building services, eg., lighting; heating; security, TV and alarm systems; access control; audio-visual and entertainment systems; ventilation, filtration and climate control, etc.; even time & attendance control and reporting (notably staff movement and availability). The potential within these concepts and the surrounding technology is vast, and our lives are changing from the effects of Intelligent Buildings developments on our living and working environments. The impact on facilities planning and facilities management is also potentially immense.

Smart home example

At 7:30am and you awake to the sound of your favourite cd playing in the background; the lights in your bedroom switch on; 'fading up' to allow you to wake up in your own time. The downstairs intruder alarm system is de-activated. In the kitchen the coffee machine turns on to make a drink. The ground floor curtains and blinds open; the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels. And you haven't even got up yet.

智能家居技术

链接您家的灯光，娱乐和安全系统的新的自动化家用技术。

智能家居，是一种可以通过识别具有不同生活习惯和感觉的住户来提供各种不同的智能服务。而实现这样的功能其中最关键的问题之一就是如何确定住户的位置。目前，研究工作只要集中于两种方法：终端方式和非终端方式。终端方式需要一种住户随身携带的设备，而非终端方式则不需要这样的设备。

现在由于人人都想有一个方便，舒适，安全的居住环境，因此大家对于智能家居表现的越来越感兴趣。一般来说，智能家居旨在提供合适的智能服务来积极促进住户更好的生活，比如家务劳动，娱乐，休息和睡眠。因此，为了提高住户的便捷和安全，像家用电器，多媒体设备和互联网设备应通过家庭网络系统连接在一起。并且它们应通过电视或个人数字助理（PDA）来控制或远程监控。

尤其要注意的是，作为一种提供高质量的智能服务，目标应集中于定位服务，同时考虑人为因素，比如住户的生活方式，健康状况和居住感受。也就是说，如果智能家居能识别住户的生活方式或健康状况，那么家用电器应该能预见住户的需要，并能更主动的提供适合的智能服务。例如，在一个被动的服务环境下，需要住户控制供热通风与空气调节系统（供暖，通风和空调），而智能家居将根据住户情况自动调节房间的温湿度。智能家居或智能办公室的各种室内感应定位系统的已经研发到能够识别住户的位置。一般来说，室内定位感应系统根据测量技术分为三种类型：三角测量，场景分析和接近方法。三角测量法是通过多个已知点来计算位置距离。运用三角测量法的例子包括Active Badges，Active Bats和Easy Living，它们分别运用了红外传感器，超声波传感器和视觉传感器来实现的。场景解析法是检测一个场景内的特定着眼点。场景解析法的典型例子是使用直流磁力跟踪器的MotiveStar，和使用无线局域网络[LAN]标准IEEE 802,11的RADAR。接近法则是以一组已知点中最接近的点近似作为定位点。接近法的例子有使用压力传感器的Smart Floor。

另外，室内感应定位系统可以根据是否需要住户随身携带一种设备来分类。终端方式，例如Active Bats，不需要直接找到住户位置，但是可以感应到住户随身携带的设备位置，例如红外收发器或者射频识别技术（RFID）标签。因此，如果住户没有随声携带终端设备，那就不可能找到他。相反的，非终端方式如Easy Living和Smart Floor则不需要这种设备就能找到住户位置。然而，人们认为Easy Living侵犯了住户隐私，Smart Floor则是扩展和维护都比较困难。

家庭自动化已经从挂接到客厅灯的手动计时很长的路要走。 Today's "smart" home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise!今天的“智能”家庭自动调节热量，空气，光线，音频和视频房子周围分布，控制访问您的家庭，甚至可以提醒你锻炼。

新技术和产品的进步使家居更负担得起的技术系统，并比以往任何时候都纳入主流家用系统集成。 According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the US are now using structured copper "smart" wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems.根据2004年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消费电子协会，几乎所有的新家园一半协会的一项研究正在兴建中的美国正在利用结构铜“聪明”接线，使安装技术的新家园系统。

How it Works它是如何工作
There are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology.主要有四种类型的网络可以在家里安装，以支持现有的新技术。 Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home.各有其优势和根据您是否是一个新的家庭布线或升级现有的家庭缺点。

∙ Structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home.结构化布线涉及专门高性能运行在您的整个家庭布线。 It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components.它提供了一个高度可靠和安全的网络，分销，产品用于手机的数据信号，电脑，电视和音频组件。 It's ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home.这对新建筑的理想，但并不总是很容易安装在现有的家。 Also, networking is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs.此外，网络仅限于电缆范围，插座和插头。

∙ Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners.无线网络提供的灵活性和流动性，几乎消除了通常由现有的布线房主面临困境的优势。 However, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones.然而，无线网络往往是如婴儿监视器，无绳电话不可靠和其他装置受到干扰。

∙ Power-line networks use a home's existing electrical lines to transmit data.电力线网络使用的家庭已有的电力线来传输数据。 They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer.它们是比较容易的设置和执行，但执行的权力风险激增，以及一个未加密的家庭网络可以访问邻国分享同样的变压器。

∙ Phone-line networks use a home's telephone lines to carry multiple services.电话线的网络使用家里的电话线，以开展多种服务。 Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they don't interfere with one another.通常，每个服务指定一个独特的频谱，以便他们不会互相干扰。 Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break-in.智能家居技术也可能使您拨打一个电话线，通过具体的家庭作业控制系统和/或预先设定为拨号到监控服务在一旦发生火警或破裂情况的研究。

而家庭自动化的可能性是有限的，只有你的想象，面对的选择一般的房主可能似乎令人望而生畏。 The good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your home's capabilities.好消息是，你不必成为技术专家，以提高您的家庭的能力。 A home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your home's various electronic systems.一个家庭技术集成商能够设计，实施和您的家庭联系在一起的各种电子系统。 These include:这些措施包括：

Entertainment: You may have been impressed by a friend's home theatre setup one night, when they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large screen, surround sound experience. 娱乐：您可能已留下深刻的印象朋友的家庭影院安装有一天晚上，当他们突然出现在他们的电影和DVD播放机给你大屏幕，环绕声体验。 But why not take this experience further?但是，为什么不利用这个经验的事呢？ Using fairly simple automation technology, you could push a "movie" button on a touch pad in your family room.使用相当简单的自动化技术，你可以推“电影”一个触摸板按钮在您的家庭娱乐室。 The lights would dim, the blinds would close, the popcorn maker would spring into action, the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service.昏暗的灯光会，窗帘会结束时，爆米花机将春季行动，冰箱将检查你的苏打冰足够的水平，您的通话将被自动转发到您的接听服务直线。 With a little creativity and planning, all these events can be achieved using a home network.一个小创意和规划，所有这些事件可以实现使用一个家庭网络。

这将是同样简单，使用动作感应器和您的音响系统，播放音乐，每次你输入一个家庭健身房在家里房间 - 这是乐观的，也许，也许你的学习古典音乐 - 的可能性是无穷尽。 Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your TV.或者你可以坐在客厅里，选择音乐，你要听通过屏幕上的那些在电视上显示的菜单。

你 你甚至可以监视你的儿童电视节目和视频游戏的习惯，当你不在家通过编程网络提醒您的手机如果您的孩子看太多电视或不适当的节目。 Or you can simply program the TV or gaming console to shut off after a certain amount of time.或者你可以简单的电视节目或游戏控制台关闭后的一段时间中扣除。

Security: Using smart home automation technology, you can program your lights to simulate normal in-home activity when you're away. 安全性：使用智能家庭自动化技术，你可以计划你的灯光，以模拟正常的家庭活动时，你不在。 For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights and TV will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened.例如，一些在你的定期就寝时间，卧室的灯和电视将打开，而其余的房子就变黑。 And this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend.这灯光可以设置常规改变在周末。

为了防止破门而入，你可以在家门口的位置，并安装网络摄像机的报警系统，采用热和运动传感器来提醒您，在案件的入侵者远程安全公司。

对 对发生火灾时，你的烟雾探测器，可有线不健全，但也只是一个报警信号发送到您的空气调节系统风扇关闭，提醒您和指定联系人和照亮整个房子的疏散路线。

Energy: Energy savings can be realized by automating thermostats, lights and other environmental systems such as garden sprinklers and fountains. 能源：能源节约是可以实现的自动化系统，如花园和喷泉喷头恒温器，灯光和其他环境。 Integrating all of these into one environmental system can help ensure a minimum waste of energy in your home.系统集成到一个环境，所有这些可以帮助确保您的家庭的最低能源的浪费。 For example, on a hot, sunny day, weather sensors can activate blind and drapery controls to shade your home, and ensure that your garden receives adequate irrigation at the right time of day.例如，在一个炎热，晴天，天气传感器可以激活盲目，布料控制，以阴你的家，并确保你的花园在一天中收到正确的时间足够的灌溉。 Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls as you enter and exit rooms.运动传感器可以激活和占用热和照明控制，进入和退出房间。

新的智能红外传感器代表了两个迅速发展的结合了红外测温和通常与计算机联系在一起的高速数字技术的科学联盟。这些文书被称为智能传感器，因为他们把微处理器作为编程的双向收发器。传感器之间的串行通信的生产车间和计算机控制室。而且因为电路体积小，传感器因此更小，简化了在紧张或尴尬地区的安装。智能传感器集成到新的或现有的过程控制系统，从一个新的先进水平，在温度监测和控制方面为过程控制方面的工程师提供了一个直接的好处。

当你在早上上班，你的房子可以“检查”和关闭，如收音机，电视机，炉灶和铁杆不必要的能源消耗（一个很好的安全功能）。 On your way home, you could use your cell phone or computer to change the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak.在您回家的路上，你可以用你的手机或电脑来改变你的家，在灯打开温度，辐射热谈谈你的浴室地板和浴缸仅仅填补了一个不错的长期浸泡正确的水平。

Appliances: From toasters to fridges to picture frames, the possibilities for networking computerized household appliances are limited only by your imagination and budget. 设备：从烤面包机到电冰箱到画框，家电电脑联网的可能性是有限的预算只有你的想像力。 Your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family message center via a built-in screen.您的冰箱可以保持食物的保质期，作为家庭信息中心通过行为跟踪一个内置的屏幕上。咖啡壶等小家电，如烤面包炉可激活远程或作为事件序列的一部分。 You can even imitate Bill Gates and install framed electronic artwork that changes depending on the preference of the person who enters a room, or purchase Internet-connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for a constantly updated family portrait wall.你甚至可以模仿比尔盖茨和安装框架的电子艺术作品的变化对人谁进入房间，或购买的上网检索帧照片从你的朋友和家人提供一个不断更新的家庭肖像画廊根据图像的偏好墙。

这 这使您的家更加舒适，愉快和安全的关键，通过家庭自动化是要遵循三个基本步骤：

∙ Plan: Discuss automation needs and wants with your family members so you can plan ahead.计划：讨论自动化需求，并希望与您的家庭成员，因此您可以提前规划。 Take into consideration your home's layout in terms of traffic and furniture.要考虑到在交通和家具条款提出你的家的布局。

∙ Consult: Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and learn about their experiences with home automation; what worked, what didn't, what do they wish they had done differently?咨询：跟尽可能多的人的想法和了解与家庭自动化方面的经验;什么工作，什么也没有，他们想什么，他们做了不同？

∙ Decide: What do you definitely want to be able to do?决定：你肯定希望能够做什么？ What is optional?什么是可选的？ Will you install the network yourself or leave it to a professional?请问您安装网络自己或留待专业人士呢？ What kind of network and what types of technology best suit your needs?什么样的网络技术和什么样的类型最适合你的需要？ Home automation, from security systems to intelligent appliances, is becoming an accessible reality.家庭自动化，安全系统，由智能家电，正成为一个可访问的现实。 With some careful planning and a little help, you too can enjoy the benefits of a "smart" home.一些仔细的规划和一点点的帮助，你也可以享受到“智能”家庭的好处

智能家居，建筑管理系统（房屋管理中心）包含了一个巨大的各种技术，各地商业，工业，体制和住宅楼宇，包括能源管理系统和建设控制The function of Building Management Systems is central to 'Intelligent Buildings' concepts; its purpose is to control, monitor and optimise building services, eg., lighting; heating; security, CCTV and alarm systems; access control; audio-visual and entertainment systems; ventilation, filtration and climate control, etc.; even time & attendance control and reporting (notably staff movement and availability).的功能，建设管理系统的核心是'智能建筑'的概念，其目的是为了控制、监测和优化建设服务，例如，照明;加热;安全，闭路电视及警报系统;存取控制;视听和娱乐系统;通风，过滤和气候控制等;甚至产品的考勤控制和报告（尤其是工作人员的运动和供货）The potential within these concepts and the surrounding technology is vast, and our lives are changing from the effects of Intelligent Buildings developments on our living and working environments.潜在的这些概念和周边技术是巨大的，和我们的生活正在发生变化的影响，从智能建筑的设计与发展对我们的生活和工作环境The impact on facilities planning and facilities management is also potentially immense.的影响，对设施的规划和设施管理，也是潜在的巨大的。

智能家居示例

在上午07时30分，你要清醒的声音，你最喜爱的CD中发出的背景;灯在您的卧室开关'，让您醒来在自己的时间。 The downstairs intruder alarm system is de-activated.该楼下闯入者警报系统是激活的。 In the kitchen the coffee machine turns on to make a drink.在厨房的咖啡机轮流上作出饮料。 The ground floor curtains and blinds open; the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels.地面的窗帘和百叶窗打开;毛巾加热器在浴室宽慰毛巾， And you haven't even got up yet.你甚至还没有起床。

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