[英语]高二英语阅读理解专题训练答案含解析

【英语】高二英语阅读理解专题训练答案含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

    A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.

    The researchers reported that long-term exposure to air pollution can affect a person's mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.

    The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014, these Chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests. Then researchers compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫).

    Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person's education level by about one year.

    Chen said that the effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education.

     “The older persons—they are more affected. And we find, quite amazingly, males are more affected than females. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors.

    He noted that the youngest people in the study were 10 years old, while the oldest was 90 years old. They came from China's 33 provinces. In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.

    The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.

（1）What is the result of the study?

A.Air pollution has a bad effect on people's intelligence.

B.Females are more affected by air pollution than males.

C.Americans are more affected by air pollution than Chinese.

D.People working indoors are actually not affected by air pollution.

（2）What did Chen say about the study?

A.It is doubtful.

B.It is extremely unfair.

C.It is common and not representative.

D.It is relatively objective and persuasive.

（3）What did the researchers emphasize in the last paragraph?

A.The data from the 33 provinces is convincing.

B.The whole world should pay attention to air pollution.

C.The less educated take more responsibility for air pollution.

D.Air pollution's influence on verbal ability is less serious as people age.

（4）Where is the text most likely taken from?

A.A life diary.

B.A guidebook.

C.A science magazine.

D.A biography.

【答案】 （1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究表明，长期暴露在空气污染中会在语言和数学两个方面影响一个人的智力，因此每个国家都应关注空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The researchers reported that long-term exposure to air pollution can affect a person's mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.”可知，研究人员报告说，长期暴露在空气污染中会在两个方面影响一个人的智力：语言和数学。即研究结果是空气污染会对人们的智力产生不良影响。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.”可知，用Xi Chen的话说，调查得到的数据和事实令人信服，全国各地的不同年龄和不同地方的人提供了真实，客观和有代表性的研究样本。即Xi Chen对这项研究说的是“研究结果是相对客观和有说服力的。”故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.”可知，研究人员指出，随着人们年龄的增长，空气污染对言语能力的影响更加严重，尤其是在男性和文化程度较低的人群中。研究人员还强调，每个国家，无论是发达国家，发展中国家还是贫穷国家，都应关注空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。因此在最后一段中研究人员强调了全世界应该注意空气污染。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段“A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.”可知，本文的话题是研究表明空气污染会大大降低人们的智力。该研究是一个由中国北京大学和美国耶鲁大学的研究人员参与的项目。因此可以推断出文章可能来自于科学杂志。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

    There are at least 3, 000 miles of waterways in Britain. On these canals and rivers, there are over 30,000 'houseboats'—boats that people use as homes. Around 10, 000 of them are located in London.

    The earliest populations of Britain's 'boat people' have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industrial revolution. Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle. Houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slower way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.

    Living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. There are daily things that need to be done, like bringing fuel and water on board and dealing with 'waste' water from kitchen sink, shower and toilet. In winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. Of course, most boats are quite small inside, so you don't have much space, especially if you are a couple, family or a group of friends.

    Despite these difficulties, the number of people living on Britain's waterways has increased by around 50 per cent over the past ten years. More and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water, but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.

    There is a great sense of community on the waterways; many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and houseboat neighbours often become friends for life. This is quite a different story from people who live in flats or houses and may hardly know the people next door at all.

（1）What does the underlined word "alternative" in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.Creative.

B.Enjoyable.

C.Non — traditional.

D.Primitive.

（2）From the third paragraph, we know that it is              to live on the boat.

A.inconvenient

B.easy

C.boring

D.unforgettable

（3）Which of the following information is not given in the text?

A.There are lots of rivers and canals in Britain.

B.Many people live on houseboats in Wales.

C.Houseboat living become popular in the industrial revolution.

D.People who live on houseboats are usually very friendly with their neighbours.

（4）Why do many people choose to live on the water?

A.living on the water is romantic

B.living on the water is easy and natural

C.living on the water can avoid unfriendly neighbours

D.living on the water costs less than living on the land

【答案】 （1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在英国年轻人中流行的一种居住方式 “船屋”。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slower way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.”可知，游艇社区通常是由那些寻求慢节奏生活方式和想要接触大自然的人组成的；再根据第一段中的“there are over 30,000 'houseboats'—boats that people use as homes.” 这些人以船为家的。即他们以船为家，是因为喜欢慢节奏的生活，想要接触大自然。这与传统的居住方式不同。可知“Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle”这句是说从工业革命起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人。即这种游艇生活吸引那些喜欢“非传统的”生活方式的人。选项C. Non — traditional（非传统的）符合题意，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. ”可知，在水上生活听起来很浪漫，但也很辛苦；以及“There are daily things that need to be done, .... In winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. Of course, most boats are quite small inside, ....”比如带上燃料和水，要处理 “废水”等。冬天住在船上很冷，总有一种潮湿感。当然，大多数的船里面都很小.......。由这些例子可知，生活在船上是极不方便的。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段“There are at least 3 ,000 miles of waterways in Britain. On these canals and rivers,... Around 10 ,000 of them are located in London.”可知英国有许多河流和运河，其中大约10000个位于伦敦。可知A项正确；第二段中的“The earliest populations of Britain's 'boat people' have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industrial revolution. Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle....”自工业革命时期修建运河以来，英国最早的“船民”一直生活在水上。从那时起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人，即说游艇生活在工业革命中变得流行起来，可知C项正确；以及最后一段中的“many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and houseboat neighbours often become friends for life.” 许多船民说，他们的邻居总是乐于帮助他们，而船上邻居常常成为终生的朋友，可知D项正确。综合可知B项文章中没有提及，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“More and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.”越来越多的家庭和年轻的专业人士正搬到游艇上居住，这不仅是因为他们喜欢水上生活，还因为买船或租船比租公寓或房子便宜得多。可推断出生活在水上比生活在陆地上花费少。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

WISH YOU WERE MORE CREATIVE?

    I want to ask you a favor. I have a pair of pants. Tell me: How many different ways can I put a pair of pants to use? Now imagine you're an architect. Same question. Now imagine you're Bill Gates. A scuba diver. A medieval knight. You still have the pants. What alternative uses come to mind?

    What you just practiced--the conscious act of "wearing" another self-is an exercise that, according to psychiatrist SriniPillay, MD, is essential to being creative.

    One great irony (讽刺) about our collective addiction to creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we're "creative" or we aren't, without much of a middle ground. "I'm just not a creative person!" a discouraged student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, making a comment "I'm very right-brained."

    Dr.Pillay, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent years overturning these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陈词滥调的) advice that urges you to "believe in yourself." In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.

    He points to a study showing the impact of stereotype on one's behavior. The authors, psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into two groups, instructing one group to think of themselves as "eccentric poets" and the other to imagine they were "rigid librarians". The researchers then presented them all with ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. The former group came up with the widest range of ideas, whereas the latter had the fewest.

    These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a "product of context and perspective". Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person.

    Dr. Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the brave, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of "wearing" another self. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought. Most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of "unfocus." This doesn't make us lazy; it makes us human.

    Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive. You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about.

（1）What's the function of the questions in paragraph 1?

A. To lead in the topic.                                         B. To make a comparison.

C. To state an opinion.                                         D. To ask a favor.

（2）The study led by Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar proves      

A. creativity is an individual characteristic          B. librarians are more creative than poets

C. ordinary objects can improve creativity         D. your creativity is determined by yourself

（3）According to Dr. Pillay, Halloweenism works because       .

A. it is an act of unconscious focus                     B. certain brain areas begin to act together

C. people are in a state of laziness                      D. all actors employ this technique

（4）If you want to be more creative, you are supposed to     .

A. focus on a specific task                                    B. believe in your own talent

C. pretend to be someone else                           D. turn to be right-brained

【答案】 （1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念­­心理角色扮演：遇见更有创造力的自己。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题；再根据第二段”What you just practiced--the conscious act of "wearing" another self--is an exercise that…is essential to being creative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的­­有意识地"穿戴"另一个自我的行为­­是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的"创造力"话题， 故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段”These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a‘product of context and perspective’. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person.“可知Denis Dumas 和Kevin Dunbar的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征，而是"环境和视角的产物"。每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的”According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.“可知据皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就起作用。这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陈词滥调的) advice that urges you to ‘believe in yourself.’ In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.“可知想象自己处在一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造力。由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一个人。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

    When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.

    Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band.

    While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the city's finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.

    When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet — the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作).

    Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.

    Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.

    Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.

（1）What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the second paragraph?

A. To play dance music.                                        B. To work with Buddy Bolden.

C. To create modem jazz music.                          D. To play a jazz instrument well.

（2）Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?

A. Buddy Bolden.         B. Lil Hardin.         C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard.         D. King Joe Oliver.

（3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band?

A. Because he wanted to get married in New York.

B. Because the man forced him to leave the band.

C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York.

D. Because his talent could not develop completely.

（4）What's the main idea of the passage?

A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz.

B. It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians.

C. It introduces the development of jazz.

D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）D

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。

（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知that指上段 “...to create what would eventually become today's jazz.”，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

    Resorts of every kind have sprung up to cater to the Englishman need to spend a part of the year, however briefly, by the seaside. No town in Britain is more than eighty miles from the sea and there are seaside resorts all around the coast. On a summer Sunday most of the roads that lead to the sea axe congested with cars full of people eager to get a breath of sea air. In the evening when everyone is full of food, ice-cream and lollypops, there is the long slow drive home on roads crowded with returning cars.

    Brighton

    Brighton is one of the best-known south coast resorts and is very popular for day trip excursions. It is only fifty miles from London and can be reached by fast train in an hour. At the weekend the pebbled beaches are thronged with people sunbathing or picking their way to the water's edge for a dip.

    Bournemouth

    Located a hundred miles from London, the beaches are wide and sandy. White Houses line the cliff tops and narrow valleys, densely wooded with pine trees, reach down to the shore. The area near to the town of Torquay on the Devon coast is sometimes called Britains Riviera and the climate is so mild that palm trees grow along the sea front.

    Blackpool

    On the north-west coast, a popular resort for the people in the industrial north, Blackpool is a gay, noisy town, famous for its amusement facilities and the magical lights. At night people travel from miles around to see the extravaganza of lights decorating the sea front.

    Southend

    On the east coast at the mouth of the Thames, Southend is, like Brighton, one of the favorite resorts of Londoners. The pier here is the longest in Britain and offers a great variety of differing entertainments.

（1）Why do people often have a long slow drive home on roads in summer?

A. Because it is extremely far from the sea.

B. Because people are full of food, ice-cream and lollypops.

C. Because too many returning cars often make a traffic jam.

D. Because people are attracted in the resorts so they leave slowly.

（2）Which resort is famous for its entertainments and grand lights?

A. Blackpool.                       B. Bournemouth.                       C. Briton.                       D. Southend.

（3）Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. There are palm trees growing near Bournemouth.

B. Southend has the longest pier in Britain.

C. People crowded into the water's edge at Briton for a quick swim.

D. Southend is a better preferred resort than Briton by London locals.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了不列颠海岸线上4个供英国人在海滩度过每年的大量时间的度假胜地。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In the evening when everyone is full of food, ice-cream and lollypops, there is the long slow drive home on roads crowded with returning cars.”可知因为返程车辆致使路上拥堵，人们装满食物慢慢开车回家。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Blackpool 部分中的“On the north-west coast, a popular resort for the people in the industrial north, Blackpool is a gay, noisy town, famous for its amusement facilities and the magical lights. ”可知Blackpool以其娱乐设施和奇妙壮丽的灯光而著名。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Southend 部分中的“On the east coast at the mouth of the Thames, Southend is, like Brighton, one of the favorite resorts of Londoners.”可知Southend和Brighton同样都是伦敦人最爱去的地方。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

    We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide" said researchers from the National University of Singapore.

    45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.

    " We do not yet know the mechanisms(机制)involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected," the researchers said. "Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify."

    The change is big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures are enough to make retiles (爬行动物)smaller. An increase of only 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growing.

    Warm-blooded animals aren't immune(免除)from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaken And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.

    This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.

    The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.

（1）What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Why some species become smaller.                  B. How climate changes in Earth's history?

C. Climate change has many negative effects.          D. Species are becoming smaller as climate gets warmer.

（2）The underlined word "trumped" m the first paragraph probably mean_________.

A. strengthened                            B. gained                            C. beaten                            D. equaled

（3）Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that________.

A. they have found the exact causes for creatures getting smaller          B. all the animals on the earth have become smaller

C. climate change has more negative effects on warm-blooded animals          D. increase in energy use can lead to creatures getting smaller

（4）What does the author feel about the climate change?

A. Disappointed                        B. Optimistic                        C. Worried                        D. Shameful

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变暖导致许多生物个体变小这一现象，气候变化已对浮游生物产生了有害影响，人类需要尽快采取措施。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide”可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种反而变小。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide” 可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种变小。可知气候的变化打败了二氧化碳带来的影响。故“beat”与该词同义。选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.”可知大量使用的能源导致物种体型变小。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.”可知作者担心现代气候变化的速度太快导致有机体无法迅速做出回应。可知作者对气候变化很担心。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

    Amazing concept images have shown what homes of the future could look like, as preparations are made for the world's first free from 3D-printed property (房产).

    Experts will build a house called Curve Appeal, which will be 3D-printed off-site before being put together on-site to create two outside walls, a roof and an inside part. These four main sections will then be joined together.

    Although 3D-printed buildings have been made before, this home - to be constructed in Chattanooga, Tennessee, later this year — will be the first of its kind, as it will contain no regular shapes or angles. The house is the creation of the design company WATG, based in London and California. The design for Curve Appeal draws inspiration from the Case Study House program.

    The architects leading the program were famed for constantly pushing the limits in terms of minimalist (极简主义) materials, and trying to create open-plan spaces that focused on enhancing (增强) natural light. In a written statement, a spokesman for WATG said, “Employing many of the same modem design principles, Curve Appeal is the next evolutionary step. It's important that the architecture and the environment work together harmoniously. The chosen site is steps away from the Tennessee River in a beautiful wooded, sunlit area.”

    WATG was awarded the first prize in the Freeform Home Design Challenge in 2016 and given prize money of $ 8,000 to make its plans a reality. The competition was aimed at architects, designers, engineers and artists. Participants were challenged to design a 600 to 800sq ft single-family home that rethinks traditional aesthetics (美学), ergonomics, construction, building systems and structure.

    Over the last year, WATG's Chicago office has been developing their design with Branch Technology. This project is currently underway, working towards breaking ground later this year. Once completed, the Curve Appeal home will have open and light-filled inside living spaces.

（1）From the passage we can know that Curve Apple       .

A. will be different from an ordinary house         B. is the first 3D-printed building

C. has apparent walls and a roof                         D. was ever built in the world

（2）Where is the architect located according to Paragraph 4?

A. Far away from the Tennessee River.               B. In the woods near the Tennessee River.

C. Between the Tennessee River and the woods.         D. Next to some modem architectures.

（3）What does the Freeform Home Design Challenge do?

A. It motivates participants to design at random.         B. It emphasizes traditions rather than modernization.

C. It sponsors competitors when necessary.         D. It helps put creative ideas into practice.

（4）What's the passage mainly about?

A. What our homes will look like in the future.         B. The Freeform Home Design Challenge.

C. The world's first freeform 3D-printed house.         D. The development of 3D in architecture.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上第一个免费的3D打印房子。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Experts will build a house called Curve Appeal, which will be 3D-printed off-site before being put together on-site to create two outside walls, a roof and an inside part. These four main sections will then be joined together.”可知，Curve Apple不同于一般的房子。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The chosen site is steps away from the Tennessee River in a beautiful wooded, sunlit area.”可知，建筑师住在the Tennessee River附近的树林里。故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“WATG was awarded the first prize in the Freeform Home Design Challenge in 2016 and given prize money of $ 8,000 to make its plans a reality. The competition was aimed at architects, designers, engineers and artists.”可知，the Freeform Home Design Challenge有助于把创造性的想法付诸实践。故选D。

(4)考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“Although 3D-printed buildings have been made before, this home - to be constructed in Chattanooga, Tennessee, later this year — will be the first of its kind, as it will contain no regular shapes or angles.”可知，本文主要谈论的是世界上第一个免费的3D打印房子。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

    Customers who come into the Waffle House recognize server Evoni Williams, a soft-spoken 18-year-old from Texas City. It all started with a Facebook post. On the morning of March 3, Laura Wolf was eating breakfast at the Waffle House in La Marque when she overheard an older man, who reminded her of her late father, tell Williams he had trouble with his hands. The man, later identified as regular customer Adrien Charpentier, had an oxygen tank nearby and needed help cutting up his food. “Without hesitation,” Wolf wrote, Williams “took his plate and began cutting up his ham.”

    Impressed, Wolf posted the moment on her Facebook page to share the warmth and kindness with all. The following day, Williams's Facebook notification（关注）began to light up. Her friends saw Wolf's post and tracked her in it.

    Williams had no idea that someone took a photo that morning. The diner was so busy that a line extended outside the door. She said helping Charpentier was reflexive. She has been working at Waffle House since last June to save for college, and this, she figured, was just the right thing to do. “I would want someone to help my grandmother or grandfather,” Williams said.

    The post began to make its rounds in La Marque and eventually landed in front of the city's mayor, Bobby Hocking. He decided to declare March 8 as Williams's day, and also received an email from Texas Southern University President Austin A.Lane, asking if the school could present Williams with a scholarship.

    Williams still works at Waffle House five days a week and plans to do so until she starts classes in the fall at Houston-based Texas Southern. Wolf said Williams does not have a car to get to classes, but some people have offered to start a GoFundMe page for her, proving that a moment of a kindness can change a life.

（1）Why did Wolf post the photo on Facebook?

A. The photo reminded her of her late father.         B. It could satisfy her inner needs.

C. She was touched by the sight.                        D. The customer had trouble with his hands.

（2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Without a second thought.                             B. After careful consideration.

C. Winning a reward.                                            D. Better serving customers.

（3）What can we infer about Evoni Williams?

A. She seldom saw Charpentier come to the House for breakfast.         B. It was GoFundMe page that led to her good luck.

C. She is no longer working in service business.         D. She has probably received a scholarship for her college education.

（4）What is the author's purpose of writing the article?

A. To help Williams receive higher education.         B. To introduce a random act of kindness.

C. To show that young generation can always help.         D. To emphasize the influence of the social media.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Williams在饼店无意中帮助了一位老人，这件事被上传到脸书上，这让大家非常感动，并对她的善意大加赞扬。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Impressed, Wolf posted the moment on her Facebook page to share the warmth and kindness with all.”被（所见的事情）感动了，于是保鲁夫在她的脸谱网页上张贴，与大家分享这一温暖和善良的时刻。其中的impressed“受感动的”，与touched“被感动的”是同义词，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“‘Without hesitation,’ Wolf wrote, Williams ‘took his plate and began cutting up his ham.’”可知，Williams毫不犹豫地帮忙了。第三段中的“Williams … She said helping Charpentier was reflexive. this, …she figured, was just the right thing to do. ‘I would want someone to help my grandmother or grandfather,’ Williams said.”可知，Williams说帮助Charpentier是reflexive.，我认为这是正确的事，我但愿也会有人来帮助我的祖父母。所以reflexive就是Without hesitation，即毫不犹豫地，不加思考地帮助那位老人。故选A。

(3)考查推断判断。根据第四段中的“ He decided to declare March 8 as Williams's day, and also received an email from Texas Southern University President Austin A.Lane, asking if the school could present Williams with a scholarship.” 城市市长Bobby询问学校是否可以向威廉姆斯颁发奖学金。由此可推断，Williams可能会得到一份奖学金。故选D。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文讲述了Williams在饼店无意中帮助了一位老人，这件事被上传到脸书上，这让大家非常感动，并对她的善意大加赞扬。最后一句讲了一个善良的时刻可以改变生活。由此可推断出文章介绍了一种随意的善意行为可改变生活。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

    On a recent trip to the island of Newfoundland, Canada, my husband asked our talkative cab driver what made him most proud to be from there.

    "Our generosity and hospitality (好客)," he replied in a strong local accent. "Your car breaks down in the middle of nowhere, someone will stop to help. People here are kind like that."

    His answer lingered in my mind during that ride with my husband and teenage kids, as we headed out to explore on the first day of our vacation.

    Little did I know we were about to experience some of that remarkable Newfoundland kindness for ourselves.

    We met Alma that same morning at the start of a long hike.

    Our teenagers hurried ahead, and as we walked behind, admiring the scenery, two women in sunglasses and summer hiking gear stopped.

    They'd heard us discussing different routes, then asked if we'd like suggestions.

    They looked to be in their 40s, and were both enthusiastic to share their local expertise.

    We listened eagerly, taking mental notes, until one of the women asked, "You have a car, right?"

    I explained that there were no cars available during our week on the island, so we had to rely on cabs instead.

    "Oh no," she said, "you need a car." And then, as casually as if offering a piece of chewing gum (口香糖), she said: "Take mine!"

    Dumbfounded, my husband and I just smiled in disbelief.

    "Why not?" She insisted. "You need a car to get to know all these places."

    "But you don't even know us," I said.

    "That doesn't matter," she continued with absolute determination.

    Stunned, I looked over at her friend, who shrugged and said, "That's Alma."

    Forty minutes of talking later, my family climbed into Alma's car.

    We spent the rest of our vacation discovering different areas of this beautiful island.

    But it wasn't the groups of whales we saw, or the vast areas of woodland, that made this place so memorable.

    Instead, it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how special Newfoundland really was.

    Next year, there's no doubt where we'll be taking our summer vacation. Who knows what act of kindness we'll meet then?

（1）What problem did the author's family have in Newfoundland?

A.They couldn't understand the local accent.

B.Their car broke down on the first day.

C.They got lost during a hike.

D.They didn't have a car.

（2）The underlined word "dumbfounded" in Paragraph 12 is closest in meaning to ______.

A.shocked

B.satisfied

C.relieved

D.embarrassed

（3）What impressed the author most during her stay in Newfoundland?

A.The talkative cab driver.

B.The whales swimming.

C.The beautiful scenery of the island.

D.The help from an enthusiastic stranger.

（4）What can we infer about the author from the last paragraph?

A.She is looking forward to meeting Alma once more.

B.She expects to visit Newfoundland again.

C.She hasn't decided where to go next year.

D.She also wants to be kind to others during vacation.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者最近一次去加拿大的纽芬兰旅行时，被当地人的热情好客深深触动。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第十段中的“I explained that there were no cars available during our week on the island, so we had to rely on cabs instead.”我解释道，我们周末来岛上度假没有汽车，我们只能打出租车，可知，作者一家人在纽芬兰岛上旅行时遇到的问题是，他们没有一辆车。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第十二段中的“my husband and I just smiled in disbelief”我丈夫和我只是不相信地笑着，可知，当Alma提出让作者一家开自己的车去旅行的时候，作者和丈夫很惊诧。并且此处单词与第十六段中的“stunned”呼应。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Instead, it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how special Newfoundland really was.”取而代之，是一个陌生人的善意之举让我意识到纽芬兰的真正特别之处。可知，给作者留下最深刻印象的是来自一位热心的陌生人的帮助。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，陌生人的善良和热情好客给作者留下了最深刻印象，且根据最后一段“Next year, there's no doubt where we'll be taking our summer vacation. Who knows what act of kindness we'll meet then?”毫无疑问我们明年会去哪里过暑假。谁知道到时候我们又会遇到什么样的善意之举呢？可知，作者将还会去纽芬兰岛旅行，期待那里人们的热情。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

    When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription．It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.

    A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or ail empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?

    The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.

    Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.

    A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it.

    The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo．

（1）What do we know about placebo according to the passage?

A. It contains some sort of medicine.                  B. It won't function if you are negative about medicine.

C. People who don't believe placebo can't be healed by it.         D. Patients and doctors know clearly how it helps to heal the body.

（2）Why is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo?

A. The patient needs help badly．                      B. The patient believes in the doctor．

C. The doctor knows better about your body．         D. The doctor has carefully studied medicine．

（3）What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A. The placebo.                 B. The bad effect.                 C. The body.                 D. The medicine.

（4）What is the passage mainly about?

A. Placebo：Work on Your Mind                         B. Placebo：The Most Powerful Medicine

C. Placebo：The Best Doctor                               D. Placebo：Heal Your Body

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，安慰病人的心理使病人的情绪得到舒缓，从而有利于病情的痊愈。

(1)考查细节理解。纵观全文可知，一些医生仍然认为，如果安慰剂有坏的影响，它应该永远不会被使用，他们认为对安慰剂仍然没有足够的了解。所以此处的it是指的安慰剂。故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“A placebo is a sugar pill，a harmless shot，or ail empty capsule．”可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据文章的描述有时候病人是不需要使用药物的，医生给病人开出安慰剂，病人觉得安慰剂有很大的作用是因为他们很相信医生。故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病情的痊愈。这被叫做安慰剂。通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心情，从而有利于病情痊愈。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

    Butterfly Garden (Permanent Exhibit)

    Walk among the free-flying residents of this warm conservatory. It is a wonderful opportunity to get close to a variety of living butterflies from New England and across the globe. The "Emergence Box" offers a window into the butterfly behavior. Look inside to see hanging chrysalids (蝶蛹) transform into adult butterflies. Tickets are required and visitors should reserve at least two weeks in advance.

    A Bird's World (Permanent Exhibit)

    This exhibit features the Museum's extraordinary collection of birds, displaying over 300 species found in New England. Here, you can learn to interpret the bird language taking place just outside your window at home.

    Test your observation skills and see if you can get past different birds without them alerting (发信号) other animals to your presence  Learn to identify birds from a distance by recognizing unique flight patterns. Practice your flying technique in the Bird Walk.

    Hall of Human Life (Permanent Exhibit)

    Should you have your baby's DNA sequenced? What keeps you awake? Step inside the Hall of Human Life, the Museum's new biology exhibition, and encounter such far-reaching questions on an amazing journey inside the human body. Through digital media and personal interaction, you become "part of the story', as you contribute your own data in a process of learning and discovery.

    BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life (Temporary Exhibit Now Open!)

    BODY WORLDS comes to the Museum of Science with a new chapter, Gunther von Hagens' BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life. Don't miss this truly unique opportunity to look within yourself and gain a whole new perspective on what it means to be alive. More than one hundred preserved human specimens reveal the wonders of human development and show how poor health, good health, and lifestyle choices can shape your body.

（1）Which exhibit do you need to book in advance?

A.Butterfly Garden

B.A Bird's World

C.Hall of Human Life

D.BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life

（2）What can you do in A Bird's World?

A.Improve your own flying technique.

B.Communicate with birds in body language.

C.Watch digital media showing birds' history.

D.See different birds from all over the world.

（3）What is special about BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life?

A.It is related to human body.

B.It lasts for only a limited time.

C.It is the most visited exhibition in the world.

D.It has something to do with the growth of life.

【答案】 （1）A

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了波士顿科技馆的四个展览的相关信息。

（1）考查细节理解。根据 Butterfly Carden部分中的“Tickets are required and visitors should reserve at least two weeks in advance.”游客必须购票，并至少提前两周预订。可知，参现Butterfly Garden需要提前预订。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据A Bird's World部分中的“Practice your flying technique in the Bird Walk.”在Bird Walk中练习你的飞行技巧。可知，游客在Bird Walk 活动中提高自己的飞行技能。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据BODY WORIDS & The Cycle of life 部分中的“Temporary Exhibit Now Open!”临时展览现在开始！可知，BODY WORLDS & The Cycle of Life这个展览不是永久性的，而是临时的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

    Kyle Cassidy and three other members of the Annenberg Running Group were stretching on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania, waiting for a few latecomers. The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture. That's right― during some runs, one of them delivers a talk. Topics range from the brain to Bitcoin.

    But on this day last January, it would not be their normal run. The first clue that something was off was the man who sprinted past them. "Running at an amazing pace," Cassidy told Runner's World admiringly. Cassidy discovered why the sprinter was so fleet of foot when another man ran by, yelling, "Help! He took my phone and laptop!"

    At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran, trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site. The runners split up. Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off while the others wandered the neighborhood hoping he had dumped the loot (赃物)in a backyard.

    No luck. So they decided to ask residents whether they'd seen the guy. When they knocked on the door of one row house, they were in for a surprise. Unknown to them, he had already emerged from the construction site—and was hiding behind a bush by that very house. As the owner opened the door, the suspect darted out from behind the bush ... and right into the arms of campus police, who'd joined the chase shortly behind the runners.

    The members of this running group are not hard-core athletes. But they do understand the benefit of a little exercise. ''Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat," Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer. "But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one of those opportunities."

（1）Why do the group members gather together?

A.To do some stretching.

B.To have a regular run.

C.To deliver a lecture.

D.To cover some topics.

（2）What does the underlined word "sprinted" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.Dashed.

B.Pushed.

C.Jumped.

D.Escaped.

（3）We can infer that the success of the chase is mainly due to____ .

A.the assistance of the runners

B.the owner of the row house

C.the campus police on patrol

D.the joint efforts of the people

（4）Which of the following best describes Cassidy?

A.Athletic and generous.

B.Courageous and ambitious.

C.Helpful and humorous.

D.Thoughtful and demanding.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等众人合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture.”宾州大学的同事和其他社区成员每周集结三天，进行大约30分钟的慢跑，可知，小组成员聚在一起是为了进行常规的跑步，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“"Running at an amazing pace,"”可知，这个人跑的速度非常快，应该是从他们的身边疾驰而过，由此可知画线词词义为“猛冲”，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran, trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site.”及第四段中的“As the owner opened the door, the suspect darted out from behind the bush ... and right into the arms of campus police, who'd joined the chase shortly behind the runners.”等细节描写可知，众人（跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等）合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off”可知，劫案发生后，卡西迪马上投入到对嫌犯的追捕之中，这说明他乐于助人；再根据最后一段中的“‘Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat,’Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer. ‘But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one of those opportunities.’”卡西迪对记者说“跑步通常是一项无用的运动，你可以将脂肪细胞转化为热量，但偶尔也会有用，这就是其中一个机会”，这是一种诙谐的说法，说明他很幽默，可知，卡西迪既乐于助人又有幽默感，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

    The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash. Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules.

    The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds if waste: recyclable waste, harmful waste, household food waste and residual (剩余) waste.

    A team from the U. K.'s National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine examined 14 lean and overweight men and analyzed their metabolic (新陈代谢) health. The participants were either assigned

    Harmful waste, as the name suggests, includes various poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pesticides.

    Household food waste — which is translated to "wet trash" in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.

    Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.

The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs to this category.

    As specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own way to sort trash.

    "We should do this from a pig's angle," commented one netizen. "Those edible (可食用) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don't want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be harmful waste. Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste."

    The new regulation came into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB200.

（1）What do the old coats that you want to throw away belong to?

A.Harmful waste.

B.Wet trash.

C.Recyclable waste.

D.Residual waste

（2）What is the common point of "wet trash"?

A.They can be broken down easily.

B.They all come from plants.

C.They all have bad smells.

D.They all have poisonous materials.

（3）What is the tone of the netizen like?

A.Serious.

B.Humorous.

C.Delightful.

D.Uncertain.

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.The four sorts of garbing are forbidden in Shanghai.

B.Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins.

C.people are still confused about garbage sorting.

D.The netizens in Shanghai support the garbage sorting policy.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了上海垃圾分类政策的规范，包括有害垃圾、可回收垃圾、湿垃圾等的分类规范。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第六段“Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.”可知，old coats是可回收利用的废品。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Household food waste — which is translated to ‘wet trash’ in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.”厨余垃圾也可被称作湿垃圾，其中包括一些水果皮、中药渣、花等等，由此可知这类垃圾都能够轻易被破坏，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“We should do this from a pig's angle,”可知，网民是用一种调侃的口气来说的。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段介绍了上海实行的垃圾分类政策，紧接着又对各项垃圾进行了具体阐述，由此判断本文主要介绍了上海正在实行垃圾分类。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

    As a volunteer teacher, I moved into an apartment with eagerness. Sorting all the necessary paperwork out, I got ready to start my work. Great, or so I thought. At 4 a.m. and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awaken by the cock that lives opposite me. Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning.

    In the following weeks, I also started to notice a trend. Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water line, bowls, cups, shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy but things just fell apart. If it wasn't broken, it would either be dirty or missing. Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.

    As for the general Lack of equipment in the hose, there was no oven. tin opener, or sharp knives. It turns out making a vegetarian burger from scratch wasn't the best idea. I had a small microwave and a grill. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear. I'm not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door, the electricity cut out, I spent the fallowing 10 minutes in a dark, smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone, which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world.

    Luckily, I'm now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned. No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break). I am learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils (用具).

（1）How did the author feel about her new life upon her arrival?

A.She was nervous to kick off the new job.

B.She was annoyed with the rude students.

C.She was full of enthusiasm about her new life.

D.She was satisfied with five alarm clocks in her room.

（2）What was the trend in the following weeks?

A.Her flat became dirtier.

B.she developed disability.

C.Things began to go wrong.

D.More clothes needed mending.

（3）What happened when the author was making a burger?

A.She suffered a big fire.

B.She made a terrible mistake.

C.She was seriously injured.

D.She broke her phone accidentally.

（4）What can be inferred about the author from the end of the passage?

A.She will go on living here.

B.She will resign from her job.

C.she will more into a new flat.

D.She will buy new daily necessities.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，作者去西班牙的一个漂亮小岛上做英语老师，虽然拥有自己的公寓，可是里边的生活用具很老旧，给作者的生活带来了诸多不便。这让作者学会了如何利用有限的生活用品去生活。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“As a volunteer teacher, I moved into an apartment with eagerness. Sorting all the necessary paperwork out, I got ready to start my work. Great, or so I thought.”可知，作者怀着迫切心情搬进公寓，整理好各种文件做好开始工作的准备，心想一切还不错。所以作者刚到的时候是满怀热情的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water line, bowls, cups, shower, doors or glass shelves.”；以及“If it wasn't broken, it would either be dirty or missing. Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.”可知，接下来的几周作者所住的房子里东西每天损坏一件，不坏的东西要么脏了，要么找不到了，洗衣篮里都是虫子。据此可推知，事情开始出问题。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on Smoke soon started to appear.”可知，作者本来知道不能把将金属烤架放进微波炉里，但是她还是这样做了，导致冒烟，发生了故障。据此可知，作者在做汉堡时犯了个错误。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited， broken utensils(用具)”可知，作者还在学习如何利用有限的破旧的日常用品适应生活，因此推测她还会继续住在这里。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

15．阅读理解

    What do Leonardo da Vincii, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed, along with other famous people including Brad Pitt Prince William, and Barack Obama. In fact, an estimated 13 percent of the world's population may be left-handed and still most people around the world are right-handed.

    What makes a person become right-handed rather than left-handed? As yet no one really knows for sure. One simple idea suggests that people normally get right-handedness from their parents. Studies have found that two right-handed parents have only a 9.5 percent chance of having a left-handed child, whereas two left-handed parents have a 26 percent chance of having a left-handed child. Another common theory is that left-handed people suffer mild brain damage during birth, which makes them left-handed. However, if this theory were true, it would not explain why the percentage of left-banded people is so similar in every society, when birth conditions vary so much from society to society.

    Whatever the reasons behind it, people's attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. Statistics show that although 13 percent of young people (10-20 years old) are left-handed, only 6 percent of the elderly are left-handed. Left-handed children used to be punished until they began using their right hand like other children, but today people who are left-handed are no longer looked down on nor are they considered abnormal. For most people today, either case is perfectly acceptable.

（1）What makes one right-handed?

A. The environment.                                             B. Mild brain damage during birth.

C. The reason is uncertain.                                   D. Other people.

（2）Why is the number of young people who are left-handed bigger than that of the elderly?

A. Because the elderly are forced to become right-handed.         B. Because left-handed people are considered abnormal.

C. Because left-handedness can be cured.         D. Because the young are easily damaged.

（3）What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Left-handed people are looked down upon.         B. General facts about left-handed people.

C. Some famous left-handed people.                 D. The reasons why people are left-handed.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，关于左撇子现象作者进行了介绍和说明。

（1）考查细节理解。第二段中讲了很多右手的使用比左手平常的可能性原因，根据” As yet no one really knows for sure.”可知，虽然对于右手的使用比左手更为普遍这一现象有不同猜测，但是原因不明。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段“Statistics show that although 13 percent of young people (10-20 years old) are left-handed, only 6 percent of the elderly are left-handed. Left-handed children used to be punished until they began using their right hand like other children, but today people who are left-handed are no longer looked down on nor are they considered abnormal.”可知，以前的左撇子孩子都会受到鄙视或者被认为是不正常的，所以，那一代的孩子会被惩罚直到他们改变这样的习惯，但是，现在人们的态度已经转变了。故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。本文以客观、中立的态度描写了关于“左撇子”的一些事实，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

    Little New Year (Chinese: Xiaonian), usually a week before the lunar New Year, falls on Feb 8 this year. It is also known as the Festival of the Kitchen God, the deity(神) who oversees the moral character of each household. Here are six things you should know about the Little New Year, another sign of the start of spring.

    ⒈Offer sacrifices to Kitchen God

    One of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the burning of a paper image of the Kitchen God, who will report on the family's conduct over the past year. The offerings to the Kitchen God include pig's head, fish, sweet bean paste, melons, fruit, boiled dumplings, barley sugar, and Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat. Most of the offerings are sweets of various varieties. It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God's mouth and encourage him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to heaven to make his report.

    ⒉House cleaning

    According to Chinese folk beliefs, during the last month of the year ghosts and deities must choose either to return to Heaven or to stay on Earth. It is believed that in order to ensure the ghosts and deities' timely departure people must thoroughly clean both their persons and their houses, down to every last drawer and cupboard.

    ⒊Eat Guandong candy

    Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat, is a traditional snack that Chinese people eat on the Festival of the Kitchen God.

    ⒋Paste paper-cuts to windows

    In the Little New Year, old couplets and paper-cuts from the previous Spring Festival are taken down, and new window decorations, New Year's posters, and auspicious(吉利的) decorations are pasted up.

    ⒌Bath and hair-cut

    As the old Chinese saying goes, whether they're rich or poor, people often have a haircut before the Spring Festival. The activity of taking bath and haircut is often taken on the Little New Year.

    ⒍Preparations for Spring Festival

    People start to stock up necessary provisions for the Spring Festival since the Little New Year. Everything needed to make offerings to the ancestors, entertain guests, and feed the family over the long holiday must be purchased in advance.

（1）What is the most unusual tradition in the Little New Year?

A. Offering sacrifices to the Kitchen God            B. Burning paper image of Kitchen God

C. Preparing the necessity for the New Year         D. Cleaning house and people themselves

（2）What is the Kitchen God's duty in the man's world?

A. Collecting the information of the man's world         B. Protecting the character of each home

C. Gathering sacrifices for other Gods in heaven         D. Overseeing the moral people in the world

（3）Why are most of the offerings sweets?

A. Because the Kitchen God loves sweet foods.         B. As it is the traditional customs.

C. As people hope the God says good for them.         D. Because sweets are the best sacrifices.

（4）Which of the following statements is probably TRUE according to the passage?

A. Little New Year always falls in February.         B. House cleaning is to welcome the New Year.

C. In the Little New Year only paper-cuts are pasted up.         D. People will make full preparations for the coming New Year.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国Little New Year的六种民间习俗，“小年”也预示着春季的开始。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“One of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the burning of a paper image of the Kitchen God,”可知，小年夜最与众不同的传统之一是烧灶神像。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“it is also known as the Festival of the Kitchen God, the deity(神) who oversees the moral character of each household.”可知，灶神在人间的职责是监管各家各户。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God's mouth and encourage him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to heaven to make his report.”可知，人们用甜品贡灶神是为了让灶神替他们在天上美言。故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第一段“…falls on Feb 8 this year.”可知A项不正确，根据第三段中的“It is believed that in order to ensure the ghosts and deities' timely departure people must thoroughly clean…”可知B项不正确，根据第五段可知C项不正确，根据最后一段可知D项正确，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

17．阅读理解

    Every country may have to consider what, if anything, to do about "global warming". We should understand that the oft-repeated claim that nearly all scientists demand that something dramatic be done to stop global warming is not true.

    Perhaps the most inconvenient fact is the lack of global warming for well over 10 years now. This is known to the warming establishment, as one can see from the 2009 "Climategate" email of climate scientist Kevin Trenberth: "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is an irony that we can't." But the warming is only missing if one believes computer models where so-called feedback involving water vapor and clouds greatly amplifies the small effect of CO2. The fact is that CO2 is not a pollutant and it is a key component of the biosphere ( 生物圈)'s life cycle. Plants get better growth with more of it and part of the increase of agricultural yields in the past century certainly came from additional CO2 in the atmosphere.

    Although the number of the scientists who are publicly opposed to the claim is growing, many young scientists secretly say that while they also have serious doubts about the global-warming message, they are afraid to speak up for fear of not being promoted or worse.

    Why is there so much passion about global warming? There are several reasons, but a good place to start is the old question "Cui bono?", or the modern update, "Follow the money". Alarmism (危言耸听) over climate is of great benefit to many, providing government funding for academic research, and thus those people who benefit from this fiercely defended their dogma (信条) and the privileges it brought them.

    Every country should support rational ( 合理 的) measures to protect and improve our environment, but it makes no sense at all to back expensive programs that turn away resources from real needs and are based on alarming but shaky claims of "incontrovertible" evidence.

（1）What can we infer about the author's opinion on global warming?

A. Global warming hasn't happened in the latest 10 years.         B. Global warming has become an urgent problem these years.

C. Global warming has worsened a little bit in the recent years.         D. Global warming has never happened since measures were taken.

（2）Which of the following statements about CO2 does the writer probably agree with?

A. CO2 greatly affects the global warming.         B. CO2 makes crops more productive.

C. CO2 involves water vapor and clouds.           D. CO2 is the most important part of the biosphere.

（3）Why is there so much passion for global warming?

A. Because it is a good chance for young scientists to be promoted.         B. Because the scientists want to have an insight into the problem.

C. Because the government values the problem and tries to solve it.         D. Because some people can greatly benefit from the research about it.

（4）What's the writer's attitude toward the programs to protect and improve our environment?

A. To support all the programs as long as they are beneficial.         B. To support cheap programs instead of expensive ones.

C. To support the programs that are necessary and reliable.         D. To support those programs that use less money and resources.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述的是“关于地球的变暖。” 每个国家都可能不得不考虑“全球变暖”的问题。我们应该明白，经常重复的说法是，几乎所有的科学家都要求采取一些引人注目的措施来阻止全球变暖，这是不正确的。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Perhaps the most inconvenient fact is the lack of global warming for well over 10 years now.”可知，我们能从作者对全球变暖的观点中推断出“在最近的10年里，全球变暖并没有发生。”故选A。

（2考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Plants get better growth with more of it and part of the increase of agricultural yields in the past century certainly came from additional CO2 in the atmosphere.”可知，关于 “二氧化碳使作物更多产。”陈述可能是作者同意的。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“thus those people who benefit from this fiercely defended their dogma (信条) and the privileges it brought them.”可知，对全球变暖有如此多的热情是因为有些人可以从这项研究中获益良多。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Every country should support rational ( 合理 的) measures to protect and improve our environment, but it makes no sense at all to back expensive programs that turn away resources from real needs”可知，作者对保护和改善环境的计划的态度是支持那些必要和可靠的项目。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

18．阅读理解

    When my sister Mertie told me she had put out tomato plants last summer, I was quite impressed.

    Since she was a garden-beginner, Mertie researched exactly how far apart to space her tomato plants; what kind of fertilizer to use; how to keep away the bugs, etc. Once they were planted, she took care of them daily, anxiously awaiting the juicy tomatoes to appear. But, day after day, her plants were tomato-less while all of her neighbors who had also put out tomato plants were already enjoying the fruit of their labor.

    Frustrated, Mertie gave in and went to the market to search fresh tomatoes. While paying, Mertie told the farmer her troubles. The farmer paused to think for a moment and then asked, "Well, what kind of tomatoes did you plant?"

    "I think they were called Big Boy," Mertie remembered.

    "Well there's your problem," the farmer explained. "Big Boy and Better Boy tomatoes have a 95-day growing period whereas regular tomato plants produce fruit in as few as 70 days…you just have to wait a little longer for the Big Boys."

    With that new knowledge, Mertie went home with excitement, knowing they would be worth the wait.

    Thinking about my sister's gardening experience, I had to smile. She just didn't know that Big Boy tomatoes took longer--neither did I — but once she discovered that information, she was no longer discouraged and upset about the lack of tomatoes on her plants. Instead, she was encouraged and excited to see them a few weeks later.

    It makes me wonder how many of us have "Big Boy" dreams in our hearts, yet we just don't realize that they are of the "Big Boy" variety so we are discouraged and worn out with the waiting process. Instead of waiting with excitement, we give up on our dreams and figure we must have done something wrong to stop them from coming to pass. Frustrated, we see other people's dreams coming true, and we wonder why ours haven't yet been achieved.

（1）What is not mentioned in the passage when growing tomato plants?

A. Using suitable fertilizer.                                   B. Keeping them well apart.

C. Watering them regularly.                                 D. Controlling pests on them.

（2）Why did Mertie's tomato plants fail to produce at the expected time?

A. Because they were destroyed by her neighbors.         B. Because she grew the wrong kind of tomatoes.

C. Because she didn't manage the garden well.         D. Because they required more time to produce.

（3）What does the author compare tomatoes to in the text?

A. Goals.                          B. Experiences.                          C. Time.                          D. Imagination.

（4）What does the text intend to show us?

A. It's better late than never.                               B. A bad beginning makes a bad ending.

C. Success sometimes needs a little patience.         D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了妹妹种西红柿的故事，告诉读者要实现梦想，有时需要耐心等待。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Mertie researched exactly how far apart to space her tomato plants; what kind of fertilizer to use; how to keep away the bugs, etc.”可知Mertie给她种的西红柿分苗、施肥和控制害虫。没有提到浇水，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Big Boy and Better Boy tomatoes have a 95-day growing period whereas regular tomato plants produce fruit in as few as 70 days…you just have to wait a little longer for the Big Boys.”可知Mertie 种植的西红柿品种Big Boy比一般西红柿生长需要的时间长，所以还需要一段时间才能成熟。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It makes me wonder how many of us have ‘Big Boy’ dreams in our hearts, ……Instead of waiting with excitement, we give up on our dreams and……we see other people's dreams coming true, ……”可知我们内心有许多梦想，但没有意识到梦想的变化，在等待过程中我们可能遇到挫折后放弃梦想。作者在文中把西红柿比作了梦想和目标，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。妹妹精心种西红柿，但别人的西红柿成熟时自己的不行，当想放弃时才知道西红柿品种不一样，成熟时间不一样。作者通过这件事告诉我们要实现梦想，有时需要耐心等待。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

19．阅读理解

    Melinda Skaar wasn't expecting any phone calls. Skaar was working late in her office at the First Internet bank of California. By 10:45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the phone rang. Picking it up, she heard a guard shouting, "There is a fire! Get out of there." Skaar didn't panic. She figured that it was just a small fire. Her office building was huge. There were 62 floors and her desk was on the 37th floor. Skaar called out to office mate Stephen Oksas, who also stayed late to work. But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.

    Then they called 911. Before they could call their families, however, the line went dead. That meant that they were completely cut off from the outside world. All they could do was wait and hope someone would come to rescue them.

    Minutes ticked by. Smoke began to float into the office. Soon it became hard for them to breathe. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there. That helped for a while, but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly smoke. Hopeless, they tried to break the windows, but the glass was not breakable. Everything they threw at it just bounced back. Defeated, they struggled back to the workroom. They felt weak and dizzy. Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out.

    As Skaar and Oksas lay near death, rescuers were rushing to find them. At last, at about 4 a.m., firefighters found them.

    Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be alive. Sunday is my birthday, Skaar told a reporter. She would be turning 29, but she knew she had already got the best present possible—the gift of life.

（1）What did Skaar and Oksas do when they were stopped by the fire?

A. they tried to run down the stairs.                   B. they called their families.

C. they waited where they were.                         D. they rushed back and shut the door.

（2）The following helped Skaar and Oksas survive the fire except       .

A. calling 911 for help                                          B. shutting the door and keeping the smoke out with a jacket

C. breaking the windows to get some fresh air         D. crowding in a small workroom for clean air

（3）What can we conclude from Skaar's action in the fire?

A. she was trained as a firefighter.                      B. she was cleverer than Oksas.

C. she had had the experience of being caught in fire.         D. she remained calm in the face of danger.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了两个女孩由于大火被困在36层的大楼内，面对危险她们临危不惧，终于安然脱险，幸免于难的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.”可知他们走到走廊时想下楼时，一团黑烟迎面扑来。他们赶紧跑回去关上门，用她的夹克填满了门底部的空隙，把烟挡在外面。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.”；第二段中的“Then they called 911.”；以及第三段中的“Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there.”可知在火灾中Skaar and Oksas为了生存做的事，C项没有，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out. Then they called 911. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there.和they tried to break the windows,”这些Skaar的行为可知，面对火灾她保持镇静，从容面对。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

20．阅读理解

    The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years. In 1721, the printer James Franklin, Benjamin's older brother, started the New England Courant, and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper. He filled his paper with stories of adventure, articles on art, on famous people, and on all sorts of political subjects.

    Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin's Courant, few believe that newspapers in their present printed form will remain alive for long, Newspaper companies are losing advertisers, readers, market value, and in some cases, their sense of purpose at a speed that would not have been imaginable just several years ago. The chief editor of the Times said recently, “At places where they gather, editors ask one another, 'How are you?', as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law case.” An article about the newspaper appealed on the website of the Guardian, under the headline “NOT DEAD YET.”

    Perhaps not, but the rise of the Internet, which has made the daily newspaper look slow and out of step with the world, has brought about a real sense of death, Some American newspapers have lost 42% of their market value in the past three years. The New York Times Company has seen its stock（股票）drop by 54% since the end of 2004, with much of the loss coming in the past year. A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stock - holders sell off their Times stock. The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to education; its testing and test — preparation service now brings in at least half the company's income,

（1）What can we learn about the New England Courant?

A. It is mainly about the stock market.               B. It carries articles by political leaders.

C. It marks the beginning of newspapers.          D. It remains a successful newspaper in America.

（2）What can we infer about the newspaper editors?

A. They often accept readers' suggestions.         B. They caw a lot about each other's health.

C. They stop doing business with advertisers.         D. They face great difficulties in their business.

（3）Which of the following found a new way for its development?

A. the Washington Post.                                      B. The Guardian.

C. The New York Tinier.                                        D. New England Courant.

（4）How does the author seem to feel about the future of newspapers”?

A. Satisfied.                          B. Hopeful.                          C. Surprised.                          D. Worried.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国报纸的由来，以及现在面临的挑战和做出的调整。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“the printer James Franklin, Benjamin's older brother, started the New England Courant, and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper.”可知，James Franklin创办的New England Courant就是我们今天所知的真正的报纸，也就标志着美国报业的开始，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Newspaper companies are losing advertisers, readers, market value”可知，报社正在逐渐失去广告商，读者和市场价值，以及后面编辑的话"At places where they gather, editors ask one another, 'How are you?', as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law case."，编辑们现在见面聊天的时候都会互相问候“你还好吗”仿佛刚出院或输了一场官司，其实隐含的意思就是因为报纸业的不景气，编辑们现在正面临着困难，所以这个问候应该是你们报社生意怎么样？故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段可知，找到一种新的发展方式的是The Washington Post《华盛顿邮报》。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。通读全文，作者列举了报业所面临的种种问题，可以判断作者对此很担忧。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

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