人教版高中英语必修4Unit1 - - 语法（主谓一致）参考教案

语法（主谓一致）参考教案

Teaching goals

1. Target language

a. Important phrases.

achievement, inspire, worthwhile, observe, institute, respect , condition, argue, entertainment

b. Key sentences.

Our group are all going to visit the chimps in the forest

Our group includes six boys and five girls.

2.Ability goals

a. Enlarge vocabulary by learning word-formation.

b. Learn to use Subject-verb agreement correctly.

3.Learning ability goals

Teach students how to enlarge vocabulary by word-formation and how to use subject-verb agreement. Teaching important points

Noun Suffix in word-formation.

Subject-verb agreement of collective nouns.

Teaching difficult points

Enable students to use collective nouns correctly, by understanding their meanings in certain situations.

Teaching methods

Let students do the exercises, and then collect their answers. Ask them to conclude the rules and then give them some explanation.

Teaching aids

A projector.

Teaching procedures & ways

Step I Revision

Review the text by checking the answers for Exercises 2, 3 and 4 on Page 4 and 5. These exercises are about the useful words that appear in the text.

Step II Word-formation

There are two tasks in this part. One is leading in, in which teacher trys to give students as many words as possible. Let them guess the meanings of the words. The second one is to finish Exercise 1 on Page 4.

Derivation is one of the most important word-formation. It is helpful in enlarging students' vocabulary. Teachers can give them enough words, and let them guess the meaning of these words. As a result of this, students will be interested in the word-formation, and begin to use the method to guide their word study in their daily life.

T: Just now we reviewed some words in the text. Now please look at these words on the screen and say the meanings of them.

Organize Organization State Statement

Discuss Discussion Entertain Entertainment

Direct Direction Consider Consideration

Decide Decision Agree Agreement

Prepare Preparation Achieve Achievement

Inform Information Treat Treatment

Deter- Determination Improve Improvement

Express Expression Encourage Encouragement

Examine Examination Enjoy Enjoyment

Educate Education Govern Government

Feel Feeling Find Finding

Begin Beginning Mean Meaning

T: From the above chart we can see that with knowledge of word-formation, we can enlarge our vocabulary. Today, we'll focus our attention on the Noun Suffix. There are many Noun Suffixes in English. In this unit, we'll learn -ment, -ing, -ation, -ist and so on. Now let's finish Exercise 1 in Page 4.

Let students finish Exercise 1. Check their answers with the whole class.

T: Here are some other noun Suffixes on the screen. Read it and write down them in your note books. Noun Suffix

-er(fighter) -or(sailor) -ist(artist)

-ant(assistant) -ee(employee) -ian(librarian)

-tion(attention) -ment(government) -dom(freedom)

-ness(carefulness) -ism(socialism) -ship(friendship)

-ure(pleasure) -ty(society) -ence(reference)

Let students do it, and then check the answers with the whole class.

Step III Discovering useful structures

Tell students what they should do next. Ask them to read the EXAMPLE in Exercise 1 on Page 5. Make sure that they know what they should do. Finish Exercise 1, and check the answers.

T: Do you have any questions?

Ss: Sometimes it's difficult to decide whether the meaning of the subject tends to single or plurality. T: This is a good question. Although we know that if the word refers to different members, use a plural, and if the word is considered as a whole, use a singular verb, we still find it is difficult to use this in our practice. I think what we should do is to practice again and again. Try to experience the meaning of the word in the situation. That's the way to solve this problem. Ok, let's finish Exercise 2 on Page 5.

Let students do it. They can have a discussion to check the answers. After that, check with the whole class, to fact teacher should enlarge this structure for students. Die grammar chart in the reference book on Page 5, is a good one to let students know more about subject-verb agreement. If possible teacher could show all the grammar knowledge to students. This is especially useful for those who would like to learn English Grammar.

１．两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数．

Tom and Dick _______ (be) good friends.

但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。

A singer and dancer ______ (be) present at the party.

The worker and writer ___ (be) talking to the students.

Bread and butter ________ (taste) good.

(a needle and thread, a horse and cart, a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure)

2．用 and 连接的两个名词若被 no, each, every, many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。

No bird and no beast ______ (be) seen in the bare island.

Many a boy and many a girl ______ (have) made such a funny experiment.

At Christmas each boy and each girl _____(be) given a present.

3．两个主语由not only…but also, or, either…or, neither…nor　等连接时，谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致．

Either he or I _____ (be) to go there.

______ (be) either you or he going to attend the meeting?

4.主语后有as well as, like, with, together with, but, except, besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致．

A professor, together with some students, _____ (be) sent to help in the work.

No one but the teachers _____ (be) allowed to use the room.

5．一些集合名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数．如audience, committee，class(班级),crew（全体船员或机组人员), family, government, public(公众)等，

但people, police, cattle等只能用复数．

My family _____ (be) a big family.

My family _____ (be) listening to the radio.

The police ____ (be) trying to catch the thief.

6.通常作复数的集体名词

有些集体名词，如police, people, cattle, militia, poultry(家禽),)等，通常作复数，用复数动词。例如：

Domestic cattle ______(provide) us with milk, beef and hides.

7.通常作不可数名词的集体名词

有一些集体名词，如machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise (商品)，clothing 通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：

The merchandise _____(have) arrived undamaged.

All the machinery in the factory ____ (be) made in China.

8．表示时间、重量、长度等名词，尽管是复数形式，但作为一个整体看，谓语还是用单数。

Five minutes ______ (be) enough.

One dollar and seventy eight cents _____ (be) what she has.

9. all 作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，一般 看作单数。

All that I want _____ (be) a good dictionary.

All ______ (be) silent. 人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。

All ______ (be) out of danger.

10．形容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。

What a life the poor were living!

The young _____happy to give their seats to the old.

11．who, which, that 作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。

Those who want to go should sign your names here.

He is one of the students who have passed the exam.

He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.

12. 以-ics结尾的学科名称

某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学）athletics(体育学)、等，通常作单数用。例如：

13. 其他以-s结尾的名词

英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如scissors(剪子)，pincers(钳子)，glasses(眼镜），shorts(短裤)，trousers(裤子)，suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词，如果不带"一把"、"一副"、"一条"等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。例如：

如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。 例如：One pair of scissors isn't enough.

14.以-s结尾的地理名称

某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands等，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称、通常作复数用。例如：

The West Indies, apart from the Bahamas, are commonly divided into two parts. The Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉) have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.

The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.

15. 英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如:

arms(武器), clothes(衣服), contents(内容，目录) fireworks(烟火), goods(货物), minutes(记录), morals(道德，品行), remains(遗体), stairs(楼梯), suburbs (郊区), thanks(谢意), wages(工资)等，

通常作复数。

16.凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如: clippings (剪下来的东西), diggings (掘出的东西), earnings (收入), filings (锉屑), lodgings (租住的房屋), surroundings (环境), sweepings (扫拢的垃圾) 等, 通常作复数用。例如：

The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.

The sweepings of the godown(仓库) have been disposed of.

17. 还有一些以-s接的单、复数同形的名词，如: headquarters(总部), means(方法、手段), series(系列), species(种类), works(工厂)等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是用作复数。例如：

A headquarters was set up to direct the operation (指挥作战).

Their headquarters are in Paris.

The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms (诉诸武力).

18. remains用于"遗体"意义时，随后的动词通常作复数：

His remains lie in the churchyard.

The martyr's remains were buried at the foot of the hill.

但作"遗迹"或"剩余物"解释时，可作复数或单数用：

Here is the remains of a temple.

The remains of the meal were/was fed to the dog.

19. 如果作主语的名词词组由“分数(或百分数)+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。例如：

Two thirds of the swampland(沼泽地) _____ (have) been reclaimed(开垦).

Over sixty per cent of the city ____ (be) destroyed in the war.

Thirty-five per cent of the doctors ______ (be) women.

20. 如果主语是all of ...,some of ...,none of ...,half of ...,most of ...等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。例如：

Most of the money _____ recovered by Deputy Player.

Most of the members ______ there.

All of the cargo ______ lost.

All of the crew ______ saved.

21.两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如：

Forty minus fifteen (40-15) leaves twenty-five.

Forty divided by eight (40/8) is five.

Seven and five (7+5) makes/make twelve.

Five times eight (5+8) is /are forty.

22. 如果主语是由“a kind/sort/type of ,this kind/sort/type of +名词”构成，动词用单数。例如：

This kind of man annoys me.

但若在kind/sort/type之前的限定词是these/those,同时，of-词组中的名词又是复数，则动词用复数：

These kinds of men annoy me.

Those types/sorts of machines are up to date.

23.如果主语是由“many a+名词”或“more than one +名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。例如：

Many a man has done his duty.

More than one game was lost.

24. 1)由who, why, how, whether等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。

2).两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。例如：

What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.

3). 以what-分句作主语的SVC结构

在以what-分句作主语的SVC结构中，主句补语是复数名词，如果主句谓语动词可用复数。

25. 1).在“one of+复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句动词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。例如：

Joan is one of those people who go out of thier way to be helpful.

2). 在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the only 等限定词和强调词时，关系分句动词形式依one而定，用单数。例如：

Selfishness is the one of her many faults which defeats itself.

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