the的用法

定冠词the的用法：
定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西.
(1)特指双方都明白的人或物
Take the medicine.把药吃了.
(2)上文提到过的人或事
He bought a house.他买了幢房子.
I've been to the house.我去过那幢房子.
(3)指世界上独一无二的事物
the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth
(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物
the dollar 美元
the fox 狐狸
或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人
the rich 富人
the living 生者
(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词等前面
Where do you live?你住在哪?
I live on the second floor.我住在二楼.
That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西.
(6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体
They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)
(7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前
She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂.
(8)用在某些有普通名词构成的国家名称,机关团体,阶级等专有名词前
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
(9)用在表示乐器的名词前
She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴.
(10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人
the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)
(11)用在惯用语中
in the day,in the morning...
the day before yesterday,the next morning...
in the sky...
in the dark...
in the end...
on the whole,by the way...

a与an的用法区别a用于辅音前；an用于元音前.一般说来,元音字母发元音,辅音字母发辅音,但需请注意以下3点：1.拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词hour,honest,honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母an.可熟记下面这句话：An hour ago,an honest man accepted an honorable task.(一小时前,一位诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务.)
2.拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词useful,university,usual,European,united,one-eyed,one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用a等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头,但其读音却以元.可熟记下面这句话：In a university,a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool.This is a usual thing.(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走,这是件平常的事.)如：
Five years ago her brother was ________ university student of ________ physics.(上海卷))
A.a; the B.an; the C.an; / D.a; /
【分析】答案选D.因为university是以辅音[j]开头的要用a,排除B和C；physics是学科名词,前面不用冠词.
3.英文字母前用a还是用an的问题在26个英文字母中,a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅音开头的.如：
Please pay attention to your spelling.You have dropped ________ ”m” here.(全国卷)
A.an B.the C./ D.a
【分析】答案选A.因为字母答案选m的发音是以元音[e]开头的,所以用an；这里的an的意义与one相当,表示“一个”.不定冠词a(an)的用法 1．表示“一”这个数量概念,比one意思稍弱
e.g.:The plan will be ready in a week or two.
2．表示某人或某物,但不具体说明哪个,相当于any
e.g.:This poem was written by a student.
注：在1,2两项中,如果名词变复数,把a换成数词或不定代词some,any等即可.
e.g.:The plan will be ready in three weeks.
3．表示某一类人或事物
e.g.:Even a child can answer this question.
注：句中名词变复数时,去掉不定冠词a/an即可.
4．和表示时间或度量衡的名词连用表示“每日”、“每斤”等
e.g.:Itake a two-mile walk twice a day.
5．用于固定词组
e.g.:have/take a shower have/take a bath
take a walk give a lecture
a lot of a couple of
as a rule have a headache
a few a little a bit
6.不定冠词用于有形容词修饰的季节,日期前面
The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.

英语中哪些情况在名词前不用加冠词

1）国名,人名前通常不用定冠词：England,Mary；
　2）泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词；
　　They are teachers.他们是教师.
　3）抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词；
　　Failure is the mother of success.　失败乃成功之母.
　4）物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词；
　　Man cannot live without water.　人离开水就无法生存.
　5）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词；
We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课.
　6）在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词；
The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里.
　7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如：have breakfast,play chess
　8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词；
　　I can't write without pen or pencil.　　没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字.
　9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词；by bus,by train；
　10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：
school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义；
go to hospital　　去医院看病
go to the hospital　去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
　11)不用冠词的序数词；
　a.序数词前有物主代词
　b.序数词作副词　 He came first in the race.
　c.在固定词组中　 at (the) first,first of all,　from first to last

1. When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have ______ bed.

A. the breakfast in B. the breakfast in the C. breakfast in D. breakfast in the

2. Beyond ______ stars the astronaut saw nothing but ______ space.

A. the, 不填 B. 不填，the C. 不填，不填 D. the, the

3. Alexander Graham Bell invented ________ telephone in 1876.

A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one

4. After watching ____ TV, she played _____ violin for an hour.

A. 不填，不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，the

5. Many people are still in ____ habit of writing silly things in ____ public places.

A. the, the B. 不填，不填 C. the, 不填 D. 不填，the

6. Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century.

A. the, 不填 B. the, the C. 不填，the D. 不填，不填

7. Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it ____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a

8. She is _____ newcomer to ____ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.

A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. a, the

9. Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ____ international trade today.

A. a, 不填 B. the, an C. the, the D. 不填，the

10． ______ usually go to church every Sunday.

A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns

11. The train is running fifty miles ______.

A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour
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12. ___ earth we live on is bigger than___ moon.

A. The, a B. The, the C.An, a D. An, the

13. — What’s the matter with you ? —I caught ___ bad cold and had to stay in ___bed.

A. a, / B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the

14. —Do you know ___ lady in blue? —Yes. She is a teacher of a university.

A. the B. a C. an D. /

15. —Where’s ___ nearest supermarket? —It’s over there, just around the corner.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

16. The young man will work in ___ school as a maths teacher.

A. the B. a C. an D. /

17. Most of the representatives think that ______ the meeting was very successful.

A. on whole of B. on a whole C. on the whole D.on the whole that

18. The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India.

A. those poor B. a poor C. poor D. the poor

19. He grabbed me ______ and pulled me onto the bus.

A. a arm B. an arm C. the arm D. by the arm

20. “How did you pay the workers?” “As a rule, they are paid ______.”

A. by an your B. by the hour C. by a hour D. by hours

21. What _____ exciting football match! Our team beat Tom’s team at last.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

22. In the United States, Father’s Day falls on _____ third Sunday in _____ June.

A. the，不填 B. the, a C. 不填, the D. a, 不填

23. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.

A. A, a B.The, a C. The, the D. A. the

24. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.

A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an

25. －What colour is ______ orange? －It’s _____ orange.

A. an, an B. an, the C. an, / D. /, an
答案与解析（部分）

1. C 2. A。太空中的星体或世界上独一无二的东西前应加定冠词。Space作“宇宙空间”解时，也是抽象名词，通常不加冠词

3. C。作invent宾语的名词只能用“the+单数可数名词”，表示发明的某类东西。 4. D。watch TV是习惯搭配，不必用冠词。表示乐器的名词前应用定冠词。 

5. C。in the habit of是习惯用语，正如in the morning, on the other hand一样，其中的定冠词不可或缺。Public places是复数名词短语，表示泛指概念，其前面不必用定冠词。

6. C。be in use是习语，在这习语中没有任何冠词。 Thirteenth是序数词，在序数词前应用定冠词。

7. D。问句和答语中的pen均非特指，而是泛指，故应用不定冠词。

8. C。newcomer是单数可数名词，泛指某类人中的一个，要用不定冠词。抽象名词或学科名称前不加任何冠词，chemistry是表示学科的抽象名词，因此前面不加the。

9. A。虽然knowledge是不可数名词，但有of English修饰，故用不定冠词。Trade是抽象名词，前面不应加the。

10. D 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. A。考查the 表示特指的用法。根据题意知道是特指“穿蓝色衣服的那个夫人”。

15. C。考查“the 用在形容词的最高级前”的用法。题意为“最近的超市在哪里？”

16－20 ADDDB 21－25 BACCC      

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