北师大版英语教材课文

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北师大版英语教材课文
模块1 Unit 1
Lifestyles

Lesson 1 A Perfect Day?
A couch potato When I wake up I don’t get up immediately. I turn on the television and watch the children’s programs and old movies until about half-past ten. Then I get up, go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room. For lunch, I have biscuits and a glass of milk, and I watch the news. In the afternoon, I often watch another old film they’re showing some good ones at the moment. In the evenings, I often watch TV series or sport and the news again. I like the main news at six o’clock. At nine thirty, if there is a good play on BBC 2, I switch over and watch it. Then at night, I watch more films and I usually switch off the TV at about two o’clock. I never watch TV at night.

I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day. I also do some exercise every day. I take Tina, the dog, for a walk every afternoon. I don’t go far, of course. I walk to the wall outside my house. I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.
Of course, I couldn’t live this lifestyle without a good wife. She’s not here now because she’s working, but she always makes my meals. We haven’t got much money, you know, but we’re happy. Sit down and watch TV. Here’s the remote control. You’ve got the world at your feet. And in your hand. Great!
A workaholic

I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off. As soon as I hear my alarm clock, I jump out of my bed. It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash, get changed, have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus.
I am always the first person to get to the office. The mornings are always very busy and the afternoons are even busier! Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day. Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters. By around eight o’clock, I usually find some time to do my own paperwork and answer some personal e-mails.
When I get home at about ten, I look at some documents that I bring back from the office so that I can be ready for the next day’s work. I get to bed around midnight when my wife and children are already asleep.

I seldom have time for fun and other activities with my family. My family complains about it. But I try to work hard so that I can make more money for them. Besides, I get bored if there’s nothing to do. I like being busy.
Lesson 4
City and country


Debbie is an accountant in a large company in the centre of London.
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I need to be in my office by nine o’clock so I usually get up at seven o’clock. I travel to work on “the tube”. That’s what people call the underground in London. It takes about fifty minutes. Usually, it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit. I just stand. I’m always tired before I arrive at work. I don’t like the underground!

I spend all morning checking numbers. Lunch is always simple. I often get a sandwich in a nearby sandwich shop or I just have some biscuits and a cup of coffee. Then in the afternoon, I return to the paperwork in the office.
On Monday nights, I have dance classes, and on Wednesday nights, I go to the gym. I need to do that because I don’t get enough exercise otherwise. On Tuesday and Thursday nights, I have French classes. I work for a French company so I think studying French will help me in my job.
I go to the cinema almost every weekend. Sometimes, if the weather forecast is good, my friends and I drive to the countryside for a weekend break. We like to visit nice, quiet places far away from the city and go walking where there are no shops, crowds or the tube. That fresh air is so good for my lungs. I love it.

Paul lives in a small village in the north of England. I usually get up at four o’clock every morning when it’s still dark. I live and work on the farm
so I don’t need to travel. After a big breakfast in my house, I walk out of the front door and I’m already at work.

There are many things to do on the farm all day. We don’t have the same work hours that office workers in the city have. We do jobs when they need to be done and that could be early in the morning or late at night. I have cows, sheep, pigs and chickens on my farm. I have to make sure they are free of sickness. I also grow wheat and vegetables so there are many things to look after.
In the evening, I like to play with my children. I have two children, a boy and a girl. They are six and eight years old. I also like to study. Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning. I am very interested in China and it’s my dream to see the Great Wall one day.

I love movies. My wife calls me a “movie fan”. But there isn’t a cinema in my village so I don’t get the chance to go very often. I go about twice a year, usually when I go to London with my family. We take a weekend break there when I am not too busy on the farm. My wife loves looking in the clothes shops and I like all the crowds and the noise. I also like to buy a few cigars. Unfortunately, my wife isn’t as fond of them as I am. My son and daughter love to ride on London’s red buses and they especially love to go on the tube!
Culture Corner
English Tea and Coffee Culture One thing that British and Chinese cultures share is a love for fine tea. Today, when we think of Western tea culture, we often think of the English and beautiful china tea cups.
Afternoon tea

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People believe that an English lady, Anna, first introduced the idea of afternoon tea. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the English ate only two main meals each day: breakfast and a heavy supper that would last for several hours in the evening. As a result, people often got very hungry during the long wait between these two meals. To solve this problem, Anna came up with the clever idea of inviting some friends to join her for an afternoon meal between four and five o’clock. This meal included cakes and sandwiches. And tea was served(供应 to wash down the food. In order to make this afternoon meal important, fine china cups and plates and silver teapots, knives, forks and spoons were used. Soon, afternoon tea parties became popular social occasions. Today, afternoon tea parties continue to play an important part in the social life in modern Britain. Will you come for coffee?
Coffee also has an important role in British culture. People often use the words “Will you come for coffee” to mean “Would you like to come to my home for a chat?” Normally, several different drinks such as tea, hot chocolate or a soft drink like orange juice will be served as well as coffee, and you will be asked what you would like. However, you will not normally be offered wine at a “coffee” party. Coffeehouses and the London Stock Exchange
In the 17th century London, coffeehouses were busy and noisy places. Businessmen and bankers went to coffeehouses to do their business, as well as to drink coffee. In fact, the London Stock Exchange(伦敦股票交易所 is believed to have started from these coffeehouses.

Focus on reading
Too far away from it all?

A new TV series in England, Away from it all, has surprised everyone by becoming a huge success with young people across the country. Its success is surprising because the main character in the series is a shepherd, and the series is about the relaxing lifestyles of people who live in the country. There is none of the action that we usually see on TV today. There are also no stressful moments, busy offices or crowded cities. Away from it all is set in the peaceful English countryside and tells simple stories about people’s kindness.

The director of the TV series says that its success is a sign of teenagers suffering from stress. They say that watching Away from it all helps teenagers forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles that fill the world today. They also say that it’s a good sign of today’s young people switching to happier TV series as it shows they would like a happier and healthier world.
Although the series’ success might have a good side, many teachers and parents are worried, however. They say that some of their students and children are becoming couch potatoes and are using Away from it all as an excuse for not completing homework. Some children have even refused to learn
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for exams because they say that they can only achieve personal happiness by avoiding stressful situations completely.

One mother, Lucy Linney, talks about her son Patrick. “Because he started watching Away from it all he loved challenges and did volunteer work every afternoon. But now he has become a couch potato. He switches on TV when he gets home from school and only switches it off when he goes to bed at midnight. His grades have dropped and he no longer volunteers but he says it doesn’t matter as he wants his life to ‘get away from it all’.”

And what do the experts say? Paula Ray, a doctor of education, says that TV can influence children’s lifestyles. But she says that if a child reacts as strongly as Patrick, it’s likely that there are other reasons for his change in behavior. She says that there is nothing wrong with watching Away from it all but suggests that parents should make sure their children know TV is not the same as real life.

Unit 2 Heroes Lesson 1 National Hero

Chin’s first manned spaceship lifted off at 9 a.m. on Wednesday, October 15th, 2003 in Jiuquan, Gansu Province. The spaceship, called ShenzhouV, was carrying China’s first astronaut, Yang Liwei. Yang, who was a pilot in the army, was chosen from 1,500 other army pilots and started training for his space flight in 1998.
The launch was very successful. “When the spaceship was lifting off, I could really feel the high gravity”, said Yang Liwei. “When the spaceship separated from the rocket, I suddenly got a feeling of soaring into the sky because of the zero gravity.”

During the 21-hour space flight, the Shenzhou V circled the earth 14 times. While the spaceship was circling the earth for the sixth time, Yang Liwei spoke with ground control in Gansu. He was also able to speak with his wife and 8-year-old son. Yang Liwei had several tasks to complete during the flight and only slept in the spaceship for about 3 hours. While he was sleeping, the spaceship circled the earth twice.

When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the At 6:23 a.m. on October 16th, Yang Liwei landed in Inner Mongolia safely. He told reporters later, United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully. “The surface of the spaceship was glowing red when it came back into the earth’s atmosphere. When ShenzhouV let out its parachute, I felt the ship was shaking.” As Yang Liwei returned into the earth’s atmosphere, helicopters were flying to where he would land, ready to collect him.
Millions of people all over China were watching TV when the spaceship landed safely. When Yang Liwei climbed out of the spaceship, he smiled and waved to the crowds waiting for him. Yang Liwei was happy to be home but he said, “I thought 21 hours was too short to stay in space.”


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Lesson 3 Sports Stars

VENUS AND SERENA WILLIAMS are sisters. They are also both tennis champions who often have to play each other! Venus is now eleventh in the world, and her younger sister Serena has moved up to third.
The two sisters were born in a poor and dangerous area of California. It was full of drugs and violence. In a recent interview, Venus spoke about the time when she and Serena were practising tennis and they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air. Finally, in 1991, the sisters and their family moved to a safer area and since then they have never looked back.
The sisters’ father, Richard, started to train Venus and Serena when they were young children. He has always been very strict with his daughters, training them hard to compete against each other. Brandi, the sisters’ mother taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers. Today, both sisters are studying design at college. They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers come to an end.
The sisters’ road to success has been amazing. The first time Venus played in a big event was in 1996. Since then, she has won Wimbledon and the US Open twice. Serena has continued to improve and make fantastic progress. In 1999 and 2002, she won the US Open, and in 2002 and 2003, she was the women’s singles champion at Wimbledon. Has tennis ever caused problems between the sisters? Fortunately, no. “We’ve played each other before and it hasn’t worried us yet!” says Venus. “If she wins,” Serena jokes, “Mama says she has to do the dishes!”

Lesson 4 Superhero
Christopher Reeve

Christopher Reeve was born in September, 1952. He was in his first school play when he was eight and he started to act in TV shows and films while he was still in college. He made many successful films and TV shows but he is most famous for his Superman films.
Unfortunately, disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke his back. The doctors did not expect him to live. However, he made amazing progress. At first, he couldn’t breathe without a machine, but he learnt to breathe on his own. He would never walk again but he started a new life with great courage.
The second year after his accident, Christopher returned to film making. He also raised a lot of money to promote medical research into back injuries. He made speeches all over the USA about his experiences. This not only drew public attention to research into back injuries but also encouraged a lot of people living with all kinds of problems.

From their home, Christopher and his wife Dana spoke about their life after the accident. Have you thought of giving up after the accident?
“No. Four days after the injury, I came to understand my situation. My wife Dana and I were in the hospital. The doctor said I was not going to pull through. Dana said: ‘But you’re still you, and I love you.’ And that saved my life. Since that moment I have never thought of giving up. Of course, I’ve had moments of feeling sorry for myself, but I’ve never had any thoughts of committing
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suicide.”

Focus on reading Spiderman a hero just like you and me
Spiderman is one of the most famous comic book heroes of all time. He was created by Stan Lee in 1963 and was first introduced to the world in the pages of Marvel comic books. At that time, Marvel was a small company and its competitor was a big company who’d created Superman. But Spiderman was a hero that people liked because he had problems just like they did. He was a superhero, but people saw him as one of them. The success of the Spiderman comics meant that Marvel was soon the biggest cartoon company in the world.

Spiderman’s story is the story of Peter Parker, a child who lost his parents and lives with his aunt and uncle. Peter is a shy, quiet boy wearing glasses and has few friends. One day, on a high school class trip to a science lab, he gets bitten by a special spider. Soon Peter realises he has amazing powers: he is as strong and quick as a spider and also has a type of sixth sense. He no longer needs his glasses and he can use his super power to fly through the city streets!
Remembering something his Uncle Ben has told him, that “with great power, there must also come great responsibility,” Peter decides to use his powers to fight enemies who do cruel things to people. And so, Spiderman is born.

Life is not easy for Peter even though he is a superhero. He is in love with Mary Jane but cannot Besides, his best friend Harry hates Spiderman! Peter is also short of money and time. He has to tell her about his amazing powers. sell photographs of Spiderman (himself! to a newspaper and he keeps losing his other jobs because he’s so busy saving people! Yet he has to fight different kinds of cruel enemies.
The world’s love for Spiderman was shown in 2002 and again in 2004, when Spiderman and Spiderman 2 became two of the most watched movies of all time. And it’s unlikely that things will change. All in all, people love Spiderman because he struggles with, and solves problems just like
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Did you think that your marriage was so strong? “Yes, because Dana’s so wonderful. We have always got on really well. Our relationship has How did your parents react to the accident? “They divorced when I was four. They’ve got closer since the accident.” How did you get involved with charity work? “I know a lot of disabled people need my help. This is how I got involved with my charity work “With the progress of new medical research, I’m confident that people like me would be able to Christopher Reeve died on October 10, 2004. But people all over the world will always always been fantastic.”
to improve the quality of life for all disabled people.”
walk again one day. So you can see, I’m far too busy with living to think of giving up!”
remember him as a superhero.
北师大版英语教材课文
they do. With an everyday hero like Peter Parker, Spiderman 3 will no doubt be a huge success too.
Culture Corner
Space Heroes In the course of space exploration, 434 astronauts have made the journey into space.…… They served all of us.

Unit 3 Celebration


Lesson 1
Festivals
A: Autumn Every year in September or October, the Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over the world. On this day, the moon is said to be its biggest and brightest. People like to meet in the evening and watch the moon. The Mid-Autumn Festival is important because it is a special occasion for family. It is also a day for special foods like moon cakes. There are all kinds of moon cakes. Traditional moon cakes are usually made with bean paste, but nowadays, there are many different kinds of moon cakes including fruit, coffee, chocolate and even ice-cream moon cakes. B: Winter
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. It marks the end of the Chinese New Year celebrations. There are many stories about how the Lantern Festival started. In one story, lanterns were lit to celebrate the power of light over darkness. In another story, a town was almost destroyed but the light from many lanterns saved it. The story was about a god who wanted to burn down the town. He was fooled when he saw thousands of lanterns. He thought the town was already burning. In the past, lanterns were usually lit by candles and decorated with pictures of birds, animals and flowers, etc. Nowadays, most lanterns are made with light bulbs and batteries, and they come in many shapes and sizes. In the north-eastern part of China, there are even ice-lanterns. The special food for the Lantern Festival is the sweet dumpling. Sweet dumplings are boiled and served in hot water. C: Summer The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year, As it is in early summer, it marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year. The tradition of the Dragon Boat Festival started more than 2,000 years ago. In the old days, dragon boat races were organized only by Chinese people. However, in recent years, people from other cultures have also taken part in races and enjoyed the fun. There is a special food for the festival. It is called zongzi, which is sticky rice in fresh bamboo leaves
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Lesson 3
Weddings.
Weddings in Indonesia If a friend gets an invitation to a wedding, you can go with him/her, even if you don’t receive an invitation yourself. The times of the wedding ceremony and the reception are both on the invitation. However, you ought not to go to the invitation. However, you ought not to go to the ceremony because it is only for close family. If you really want to see it, you ought to ask first. Everyone can attend the reception afterwards. Nowadays, Indonesian women don’t have to cover their heads, but they unusually wear traditional clothes. There is a box at the entrance to the reception and you ought to put money into it! But don’t worry, you don’t have to contribute a lot of money.
And remember- at most wedding receptions you can’t drink alcohol.
Greek Weddings On the day of a Greek wedding ceremony, the bridge-groom has to ask the bride’s father for his daughter’s hand in marriage. The bridge-groom’s best man then goes with the couple to the church, to be married. During the church ceremony, the best man should help put crowns made of flowers on the heads of the bride and bridegroom. A long silk ribbon that links the crowns is a symbol of a long and happy life for the couple. After the ceremony, the guests can attend a wedding a wedding reception, which is usually a huge party and can last through the night. There is a lot of eating, drinking and dancing, including the famous Greek circle dance, where everyone joins in. During the reception, guests can throw dishes on the floor and put money on the bride’s wedding dress for good luck.

Lesson 4 Christmas
Memories of Christmas For me, Christmas always began in the middle of the cold, windy month of November. My sister, Alison, and I sat down in front of the fire and wrote a letter to Father Christmas telling him about all the presents we wanted. We seriously wrote “Father Christmas, the North Pole” on the envelope, before giving them to our mother to post. With December our excitement grew each day——as we opened the new year calendar, Christmas cards arrived in the post, Christmas lights course, there was snow everywhere. Enough snow to make snowmen, and to have exciting snowball fights in the school playground. On Christmas Eve, the whole family helped to decorate the house, put up the Christmas tree, the decorations and the balloons. Then, in the afternoon, when Auntie Kathleen and my two cousins arrived, everything was ready. Before we went to bed, we left some wine and biscuits for Father Christmas and then put our stockings at the end of our beds. We tried to stay awake as long as possible to see Father Christmas but the next thing we knew it was morning. Christmas morning!
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At the bottom of the bed was the stocking, now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets. Christmas morning was bright and sunny and , after church, my cousin David and I went out into the garden to play with our new presents. Lunch was always late, but what a lunch! A big turkey with all the vegetables followed by Christmas pudding. I like turkey breast the best. I put so much food in my mouth sometimes that it was hard to swallow. We sang Christmas carols happily, laughed at jokes, put on silly paper hats and laughed again. After lunch, the adults slept on the sofas in front of the Queen’s speech on television while we all played cards. Then we had tea, with a huge Christmas cake covered with snowmen. It didn’t seem possible, but we carried on eating. By bedtime all of the children were very tired. As soon as we turned off the light, we all fell into a deep, happy sleep.
Culture Corner Happy Halloween! Halloween is celebrated by Western cultures every year on the night of 31 October. But did you know that it is one of the oldest holidays in history? Over 2000 years ago, people known as the Celts lived in Northern Europe. They worshipped the sun god and believed the god made their crops grow. On the night of 31 October, after their crops had been harvested and stored for winter, the Celts began a 3-day New Year holiday. During this time, they offered crops and dead animals to thank the god and danced in costumes made from animal heads and skin. Later, when the Romans invaded Europe, they adopted the Celts' New Year customs and used them in their own festivals. After 835 AD, the Catholic Church in Europe invented a holiday on 1 November, All Hallows' Day, to honor saints. Later, it invented another holiday on 2 November, All Souls' Day, to honor dead people. To celebrate All Souls Day, people made big bonfires and dressed up as angels, devils, saints and witches. They lit candles in lanterns made of hollowed-out turnip or pumpkin to frighten away ghosts. On this night, people also travelled from village to village to ask for food. It was believed that any village that did not give food would have bad luck. Gradually, over the years, the Celtic, Roman and Catholic customs and holidays got mixed together, and finally 31 October became known as Halloween, In the nineteenth century, Irish immigrants took Halloween customs from Europe to the USA. Today, in the USA and the UK in particular, Halloween has become a special occasion for young people, In these countries, children wear spooky costumes and go from door to door saying "Trick or treat!" and they are given sweets to take home.

Language Spot1 A
CHRISTMAS CAROL It was Christmas Eve. Ebenezer Scrooge was in his office, the office of Scrooge and Marley. His clerk, poor Bob Cratchit, was working. Suddenly, Scrooge's young nephew came into the office. "Hello uncle. Merry Christmas!" he said happily. "Do you want to come and have Christmas dinner with us
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tomorrow?" "Christmas?" Scrooge replied. "Bah! Humbug!" Scrooge hated Christmas and he refused his nephew's invitation for dinner on Christmas Day. His nephew went away. Later two men came to the office, asking for money for the poor.
"Bah! Are there no prisons for these people?" Scrooge refused to give even a penny.
Then, when it was time to close the office, Bob Cratchit asked for the day off, because it was Christmas.
"All right," Scrooge said, "but be here early the next morning!" That evening Scrooge was sitting in front of his fire at home when, suddenly, he saw a ghost in front of him. "Who are you?" Scrooge asked nervously. "In life, I was Jacob Marley, your partner. I am wearing these chains and I can never be in peace, because when I lived, I only though about money. But I am here to help you. You have a chanmce to escape my terrible destiny. Tonight three ghosts will visit you." Then the ghost of Marley disappeared. Scrooge went to bed and fell asleep, but in the night he woke up.
The figure of a strange old man appeared near his bed. "I am the Ghost of Christmas Past. Of your past," it told Scrooge. The ghost took Scrooge to scenes of Christmases from the past. In one scene Scrooge saw himself as a boy at school. He was reading a book. All the other boys had gone home for Christmas. In another scene Scrooge saw himself as a young man. He was talking to his girlfriend, who he didn't marry because she didn't have any money. Scrooge began to feel sadder and sadder. "Stop! Show me no more!" he cried. Finally the ghost brought him home and Scrooge fell asleep again. Later that night, Scrooge woke up again. "I am the Ghost of Christmas Present. Look at me!" said the second ghost, laughing. He was a large man with a beard, wearing a green robe. He took Scrooge to the house of Bob Cratchit and his family. It was cold in the house and Bob and his family were sitting around a very small Christmas pudding. "What a wonderful pudding. Merry Christmas everyone!" cried Bob. Scrooge felt sad, because he could see how poor the Cratchits were. Bob's smallest child, Tiny Tim, was weak and ill. The ghost finally took Scrooge to a very poor area of London. There were two poor children out in the street. "Can't we do something to help these children?" he asked the ghost, who repeated what Scrooge had said before. "Are there no prisons?" The ghost laughed and disappeared. Then, the third ghost appeared. He was dressed in black and looked... "Are you the Ghost of Christmas Future?" Scrooge asked nervously. The ghost did not answer. It took Scrooge and showed him scenes of the future. In one, people were talking about Scrooge's death, but not one person was unhappy about it. The ghost also took him to the Cratchit family. The family was very sad. The little boy, Tiny Tim, had died. The next morning, Scrooge opened his window and asked, "What day is it today?" "Why sir, it's Christmas Day," replied a young boy in the street.
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Scrooge was very happy. He gave money to the boy to buy an enormous turkey for the Cratchit family. Then he went out into the street. "Merry Christmas! Merry Christmas!" He wished everybody he saw Merry Christmas. He met the man who had asked for money for the poor and gave him a large sum of money. Scrooge then went and visited his nephew and had the best Christmas dinner in his life. The next day he went to his office early. He waited for Bob Cratchit. "You are late!" said Scrooge in an angry voice. "Yes, I'm afraid I'm going to ... increase your salary! Merry Christmas, Bob!" From that day, Scrooge was the happiest man in the world. He gave money to the poor. He helped Bob Cratchit's family. And people always said of him: "He knew how to celebrate Christmas."

Focus on Reading
What they think about Thanksgiving Thanksgiving is an important festival in North America. We interviewed several students from the US and Canada. here is what they have told us about their Thanksgiving experiences. Josie from New York, USA “ In America, Thanksgiving is celebrated every year at the end of November. It is to remember the first group of people from Europe to live in America. When they first arrived, they found the environment strange. But they learned to survive after some native American friends showed them how to grow and find food. Thanksgiving is meant to be a traditional celebration. Todd from California, USA Thanksgiving is the first day of Christmas shopping. That means we have four weeks to buy Christmas presents for our families and friends. For me and my friends, the most important part of the festival is the big football game on TV. The match is watched by millions of people all over America. Thanksgiving is seen as an exciting day for football!”
Lan from Saskatoon, Canada In Canada, Thanksgiving is held on the 2nd Monday in October. On the Sunday before Thanksgiving Day, many people go to church. Thanks are given for all the good things that happened to them during the year. I always give thanks for the nice big turkey I’m going to have at the family dinner! Like all festivals, Thanksgiving is about food! Katle from Maritimes, Canada On Thanksgiving Day, we have dinner with all our cousins, aunts and uncles. It is always very busy. Sometimes we have two Thanksgiving dinners because we go to both our grandparents’ houses. The dinner is usually attended by more than twenty people at each house! My mother and my aunts do all the cooking but the washing-up is done by me and my cousins. And that’s not an easy job! But I don’t mind because Thanksgiving is meant to be a time to give thanks.
Unit 4 Cyberspace


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Lesson1 Tomorrow’s world The Future of Cyberspace
Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives. In the last thirty years, the Internet has grown rapidly. In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected to the internet; now there are around 50 million and this growth is clearly going to continue. Some experts are pessimistic about the future. Only worry is crime in cyberspace. Even now, young hackers can get into the computers of banks and governments. In the future, terrorists may “attack” the world’s computers, cause chaos, and make planes and trains crash. However, many people are optimistic about the future of the Internet. Already, users can buy books, find out about holiday offers, book tickets, and get all sorts of information from the Internet. “ In the next few years,” says Angela Rossetto of Cyberia magazine, “ It is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.” She also believes that, in the future, we will get entertainment from the Net and that television will probably disappear. The mail service may also disappear with the increasing use of e-mail. Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation. “Personally, I think virtual reality will become a part of modern life,” says Australian expert Peter Anderson.
“I see people living and working in a virtual world. We will work in virtual offices, shop in virtual supermarkets, and we will even study in virtual schools.”

Lesson 3
Virtual Reality Tom: Hi, Cathy. What are you up to this weekend? Cathy: Don’t ask, Tom. I have lots of work to do. If I don’t finish my project on the history of the Internet for next Monday’s lesson, the science teacher will be angry. What about you? Do you have anything planned for Saturday and Sunday? Tome: It depends on the weather. If it’s good, Dad, Mum and I will probably go camping. But we won’t go if it rains. Hey, if I stay home, I’ll help you with your project if you like.
Cathy: Thanks for the offer. Tom, can you suggest any good books for my projects? If you tell me some titles, I’ll look for them in the library.
Tome: Use the library computer. If you go to the Science Museum website, you’ll find lots of good information. I’ll send you the website address when I get home.
Cathy: Thanks. Just think, if we had virtual reality holidays, we wouldn’t have any problems with the weather. What’s more, we wouldn’t have to spend a long time travelling on planes to get to our holiday destinations. Tome: What do you mean? Cathy: Well, in the future, we’ll be able to use modern technology to go anywhere we like. We won’t have to go there in the flesh at all! Wouldn’t that be great? I feel excited just thinking about it. Tome: I don’t understand. Cathy, do you mean we’ll use the computer to travel around the world,
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entering and exiting countries in seconds and visiting all the historical sites! Cathy: That’s right! Just imagine never having to pack a suitcase! We would not only be able to travel around the world, but also go to study in any world famous universities we wanted to . Tome: That could be really exciting! But I still find it hard to imagine. You would see it but you couldn’t dip your toes in the sea or eat the foods you saw. You would not experience it. Cathy: Well, if they invented virtual reality holidays, I’d go on an around-the-world tour. Tom, what would you like to do if someone gave you the chance? Tom: I don’t really know. Personally, I’m more interested in virtual universities than virtual reality holidays. I’d like to go to a world-famous university like Stanford. But I guess, a virtual university just wouldn’t be the same, would it?
Cathy: True, but just thinkyou would be able to study in such a world-famous university without going out of your room!
Lesson 4 Virtual Tourism Auckland* New Zealand
A guide Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand. It has a population of just under a million people and is located on North Island. This seaside city is an important centre for business and industry. It is also the most exciting city in New Zealand with people of many different cultures living there. The history of the city goes back 650 years when the Maoris settled in the area. European settlement began in 1840 when the British arrived. Auckland was the capital of New Zealand for some time. Later, the capital moved to Wellington, because it was more central. Since 1945, the city of Auckland has grown and it now has large modern suburbs. In 1985, the New Zealand government made the whole country a nuclear-free zone and since then Auckland has been a centre for protest against nuclear testing in Asia Pacific. Famous sights include Mt Eden, one of many large volcanoes, as well as the Auckland Harbour Bridge. At the Parnell Village, you can enjoy an amazing view from the Sky Tower, which is the city’s tallest Tower. You can also see Maori traditional dances at the Auckland Museum. From anywhere in the city, you can see the sea. Auckland is called “the city of sails” because it has more boats than anywhere else in average in January (summer is 23.4 and in July (winter it is 7.8. It has some of the best beaches in New Zealand for doing water sports: swimming, diving, fishing, sailing and surfing. It is easy to travel between Auckland and the rest of New Zealand. There are regular international flights, too. However, flights from Europe take over twenty-four hours and are expensive.
Culture Corner New Zealand Fact File Government
New Zealand has its own government, but it is also part of the British Commenwealth, and therefore the official head of state is Elizabeth , the Queen of England, Scotland and Wales. New
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Zealand was the first country in the world to give the vote to women in 1893, to have old age pensions and the eight-hour working day.
Geography New Zealand, in the South Pacific, consists of two large islands plus other smaller islands with an area of 270,000 sq km. North Island has a warm climate and there is quite a lot of volcanic activity. South Island is cooler and has a higher rainfall. In the South Island, there are the Southern Alps with Mount Cook (3,754, the highest mountain in New Zealand. Economy New Zealand has some industry but agriculture is more important- there are 55 million sheep, 8 million cows and 1 million goats in New Zealand! Wildlife New Zealand was cut off from the rest of the land on Earth for 80 million years and has some unique animals and plants. For example, the kiwi (the symbol of New Zealand is a large bird which cannot fly. The People
Over 80% of the 3.6 million people are of European (mainly British origin. Around 9% of the population are Maoris who came to New Zealand from other Pacific islands in the thirteenth centuries. The two official languages in the country are English and Maori. Lifestyle New Zealanders, who are also known as Kiwis, are relaxed people who love outdoor life. It is not surprising that New Zealand is successful at many sports. Its national sport is rugby and its team, The All Blacks, are often the best in the world. Places to visit
New Zealand has beautiful scenery. In North Island, the Bay of Islands has lovely old forests and beautiful beaches and the Coromandel is perfect for sailing and watersports. Rotorua is the centre of Maori culture and has wonderful hot springs. In South Island, the Southern Alps, the West Coast region and the national park of Fiordland all have beautiful scenery.

Focus on Reading
A new way of communicating Our need to communicate with each other has been a driving force in the development of technology. In the 20th century we have seen the invention of the radio, television and fax, and today, the Internet has opened up a whole new way of communicating. We now have instant messaging services such as ICQ or China’s QQ and chat rooms where people can join group discussions. They mean increasing choices for when, where and how to communicate, and more importantly, with whom. While most people use the Internet to keep in touch with friends and family, a growing number of people use QQ and chat rooms to meet and chat with strangers. Because the Internet allows a
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certain amount of anonymity, users can be more open making it easier to make new friends. One user said that everyone is equal online, and age and appearance to communicate with each other.
Finding new friends is not the only reason people use chat rooms. The Internet can bring together like-minded people who want to discuss their favourite topics. There are chat rooms for certain sports, types of music, styles of art, in fact, just about any interest you can imagine, and many that you can’t! Whatever unusual interest you might have, if you search on the Internet, there is a good chance that you will find someone, somewhere in cyberspace, willing to talk to you about itright now.
However, there are problems with going online. It is possible for cyber-criminals to steal information, such as credit card details while you are online, and there is always the chance that a new friend is not who he or she claims to be. One girl was really disappointed when she discovered that her new cyber-friend who wrote poems for her, was actually copying all the poems from magazines. But for all the problems that might come up, instant messaging services and chat rooms are here to say, putting in touch with friends, family and strangers of similar interests.

Unit 5
Rhythm Lesson 1 Performance AlanisA True Performer Canadian singer and song writer, Alanis Morissette, is used to being in the public eye. Her most famous album Jagged Little Pill, came out in 1995 when she was only twentyone years old. It sold 15 million copies and made her world famous. Since then she has made several more albums and she has continued giving great performances on stage. Last Thursday night, hundreds of fans went to the Corn Exchange in Cambridge, England to see Alanis Morissette performing in concert. It was Morissette’s first performance in England since her song “Uninvited” won this year’s Grammy Award for the best rock song. The 30—yearold singer has a strong fan base in England. There was not an empty seat anywhere in the concert hall at last Thursday’s event, although it was an extremely cold night.” Sure it’s cold outside, but I hope we’ll warm it up in here for you,” Morissette said to the large crowd before she started to play. During the 3-hour concert, Morissette used a lot of material from her award—winning album “Jagged Little Pill”. She also played a few songs from her new album, such as “Everything But …”, which tells the story of someone looking for love in the wrong places. Morissette gave a creative and powerful performance in another song “Utopia”. Her singing was full of feeling; the first part of the song was filled with anger, while the last part expressed love and joy. Although the concert hall was cold and the sound system caused a few problems, the audience could still enjoy the concert. Many people in the crowd were obviously longtime fans and they knew the words and sang along to nearly every song. Throughout the concert, the atmosphere inside the concert hall was extremely exciting. Everyone agreed that they were greatly impressed by Morissette’s brilliant music and singing.
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At the end of the three hours, Morissette showed that she was a true performer, singing a well—known song “heartache”. She finished the evening with a new song about the life of a superstar. While I watched and listened, I knew that I was seeing the performance of a real superstar.
Lesson 3 Kong goes for folk!
The famous classical pianist, Kong Xiangdong, surprised his fans last week by giving a concert combining classical music with Chinese folk music. Kong explained that he tried this because he wanted to create something new. “As a musician, playing the same music in different cities of the world is very boring,” says Kong. He also feels that playing Chinese folk music on the piano can help bring it to the rest of the world. Music has always been part of Kong’s world. As his mother was a great music lover, he lived with music from birth. But it wasn’t always easy for the young Kong Xiangdong. His mother couldn’t buy him a piano until he was seven. She had to draw piano keys on a piece of paper so that he could learn to play as early as possible. The 5-year-old Kong would practise on the paper piano as his mother clapped the rhythm. He was made to practise the piano so much that, at times, he thought about giving up. However, he didn’t quit, and he became a great pianist. In 1986, at the age of 18, he became the youngest prize winner in Moscow’s Tchaikovsky International Competition. He went on to win awards in competitions across the world. Because of Kong’s talent and hard work, he became famous worldwide. But after years of performing, he felt the in some ways he had lost his identity. This is way he went back to his roots and rediscovered the beauty in Chinese folk music. He began experimenting with different styles and his Dream Tour Concert is the result. Kong’s new experiment in Chinese folk music is so important to him that he even changed his appearance. When he arrived at his concert last week, he had shaved off all his hair! Since his music style was new, he decided his hairstyle had to be new too! Whether Kong is changing his appearance or transforming his music, he is a pioneer in music today. The concern last week was such a success that Kong’s Dream Tour Concert is expected to run for the next two years in Beijing, Shanghai, and other main cities before going to Paris and New York.
Lesson 4 Let’s Dance
Ballet

Ballet began in Italy and France during the 15th century and is still an important art form in Western culture. Ballet tells a story with music and actions but no words. (1 One of the most famous ballets is called Swan Lake.Another famous Russian ballet is called “Sleeping Beauty”. Many countries have produced ballets, including China. One wellknown Chinese ballet is called “The White—haired Girl”.
Folk Dance
Folk dances are traditional styles of dancing that come from ordinary people. They are usually group

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dances that are taught from one generation to another. China is famous for many different types of folk dances, including the dragon dance and the lion dance, which are performed during the Spring Festival…(2 Other kinds of fold dances are the sword dance and the colourful peacock dance. Another well-known folk dance is the Yangge, which is often performed on special occasions. In many parts of the country, you can see people of all ages dancing in the street during festivals. They are dressed in beautiful costumes, skipping back and forth to the rhythm of loud drums. People like to watch performances of this unique folk dance. Popular Dance Popular or special dances often come from folk dances, although they are usually popular for only a short time…(3 They are easy to learn and are usually danced in couples. Until the eighteenth century, social dances were only held in palaces or the homes of noble families. However, in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, social dancing became more popular. Ballroom dancing, which was a formal dance in a large room, became popular in Europe and North America. Central European folk dances, such as the waltz, changed and became the most popular examples of ballroom dances. In the United States, the mixing of immigrant cultures produced new forms of dance, such as tap dancing. Before the First World War, new ballroom dances came to Europe and America, for example the Tango and the ChaCha. The Argentine Tango was made internationally popular by Carlos Gardel through his songs and films. After the Second World War, AfricanAmerican rhythm and movements became part of popular social dance. Rock ‘n’ roll dances were popular during the 1950s….In the 1960s, people danced without touching their partner.(4 Dancing in couples returned in the 1970s and 1980s with “disco” music…(5 In the mid-1980s, breakdancing became popular.This form of dancing is almost like acrobatics. It began in the poorer parts of large American cities.
Culture Corner Styles of Music Classical
Classical music was the music of European courts and big concert halls. Specially, classical music refers to orchestral music of the 18th and early 19th century. Classical music is played with traditional European instruments, often in large orchestras. Beethoven and Mozart are two of the most famous classical composers. Classical music is enjoyed by many for its rich and beautiful melodies. Blues Blues started off as the music of Africa slaves brought to the United Stated. It is closely related to the music of West Africa. It became well-known throughout the world through such musicians as Muddy Waters and B.B. King. In many ways, blues music remains an important element in many of todays popular tunes. Jazz Jazz grew out of blues. As with blues, one of the important elements of Jazz is improvisation.
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Improvisation happens when a musician plays unwritten music to fit the mood of the occasion. One of the most famous names in jazz is Miles Davis. He was famous for always finding new ways of playing jazz, and for many people this represented the spirit of jazz. Jazz has been called the classical music of black America. Rock n Roll and Rock

Rock n roll developed from fast blues. Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley were the big names in rock n roll and the Beatles in England took the music and made their own sounds from it. When the guitars got louder and the guitar solos got longer, rock n roll became just rock. Now rock is one of the most popular forms of music in the world and its fans can be seen from Beijing to Boston and all the places in between. Creating new music
Today these names of music styles are less important to musicians. Radio, television and the Internet have made it easier for sounds to travel across cultures and styles have become more and more mixed. If there is one thing the history of popular music has shown, it is that good musicians will always create new music from the different styles they hear.


Unit 6
Design Lesson 1
A Matter of Taste Xu Beihong (12895-1953 was important in modern Chi9nese folk art. During his lifetime, he developed the tradition of combining poetry with painting. Between 1933 and 1940, he held several exhibitions in Asia and Europe to promote Chinese art. Across this painting, named Racing Horse, we can see a horse running at a high speed like a missile across the sky. On the left and right side of the painting, Xu cleverly drew in black ink to show the moving hair on the horse’s mane and tail. He also used different shades of grey in a creative way to show the sweat along the horse’s body. The painting of dark and light colours is a favourite of many art lovers. Qi Baishi (1863-1957 was one of China’s greatest painters. He worked with wood during his early youth. Then between 1902 and 1909, he travelled across the country and painted many pictures of scenery. His interest changed later to simple pictures from everyday life, such as vegetables, flowers, birds, and insects. Cabbage is a wellknown example of QI’s work. The tiny insect near the cabbage has some red on its back. Its black eyes, which are fixed on the cabbage, show the creatures interest in the vegetable. Qi Baishi’s style of painting often leaves the audience guessing and makes them use their imagination. Chen Yifei(1946-2005 was a very successful artist. His soft portraits of beautiful women are very valuable. In 1997, one of his paintings sold for US$503,000. The painting, named poppy, is a typical example of Chen’s style. In the painting, a young woman sits alone and is deep in thought. Her hand holding the fan is elegantly positioned above her knees. To emphasize the woman even more, Chen adds a lot of detail to the fan and the cloth of her dress, and chooses to paint the background behind
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the woman black. The folds of her dress are very beautifully painted.
Lesson 3 Chinese Paper Art
The Art of Paper Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I interviewed for my article on Chinese Art. Papercutting is something that he learned to do from an early age.
“It is a Chinese folk art with a long history,” Mr. Chen told me, ‘Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty!” He added that by the Southern Song Dynasty, paper-cutting had become an important part of everyday life.” A young farmer who wanted a wife would look at a young woman’s paper-cutting skills before marrying her!” explained Mr. Chen, laughing at the look of surprise on my face. Mr. Chen went on to explain that there are three types of paper cuts which people still make today: paper cuts for decoration, for religious purposes and for design patterns. Paper cuts used for decoration are often seen on windows and gates. They are usually put up during holidays to bring good luck. They are also used on presents. A present for parents whose child has recently been born might show a paper cut of children, for example. Paper cuts which show the Chinese character for double happiness are often used to celebrate weddings. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples. They are also used as offerings to the dead. People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days and during festivals. The third kind of paper cuts are those used to make patterns on clothing. They are also sometimes used to decorate jewellery boxes. Dragons are very popular patterns for these designs. The interview was very useful as I got a lot of interesting information for my article. I was also ready to try out paper—cutting for myself. “See you next week,” I said as I waved goodbye to Mr. Chen. I was going to meet him again so that he could help me make my first paper cut!
Lesson 4 Dream Houses
The House on Mango Street We didn’t always live on Mango Street. Before that we lived on Loomis on the third floor, and before that we lived on Keeler Street. Before Keeler Street it was Paulina Street, and before that I can’t remember. But what I remembered most is moving a lot. Each time it seemed there’d be one more of us. By the time we got to Mango Street we were sixMama, Papa, Carlos, Kiki, my sister Nenny and me. The house on Mango Street is ours, and we don’t have to pay rent to anybody, or share the yard with the people downstairs, or be careful not to make too much noise, and worried about the landlord being angry. But even so, it’s not the house we thought we’d get.
We had to leave the flat on Loomis quick. There were worms in the wooden walls. Then the water pipes broke and the landlord wouldn’t fix them because the house was too old. He had no mercy so

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we had to leave fast. We were using the washroom next door and carrying water over. And everything in the flat was damp. That’s why Mama and Papa looked for a house, and that’s why we moved into the house on Mango Street, far away, on the other side of town. They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house that would be ours so we wouldn’t have to move each year. And our house would have running water and a bathtub and pipes that worked. And inside it would have real stairs, like the houses on TV. And we’d have a basement and at least three washrooms so when we wanted to bathe we wouldn’t have to tell everybody. Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence. This was the house Papa talked about when he dreamed of being rich and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed. But the house on Mango Street is not the way they described it at all. It’s small and red with narrow steps in front and windows so small that you’d think they were holding their breath. There is no front yard, only four little trees the city planted on the side of the street. Out back is a small garage for the car we don’t own yet and a small yard that look smaller between the two buildings on either side. There are stairs in the house, but they’re ordinary stairs, and the house has only one washroom. Everybody has to share a bedroomMama and Papa, Carlos and Kiki, me and Nenny. Adapted from the house on Mango street By Sandra Cisneros
Culture Corner
World Heritage Sites in China The official title of World Heritage Site is given by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO committee to places in the world that are outstanding examples of cultural or natural history. There are 29 world heritage sites in China, more than any other country except Italy and Spain. Here are 3 of them. The Temple and Mansion of Confucius This site is located in Qufu, Shandong Province, and is a memorial to Confucius, the Chinese great educator. The site is huge. On the grounds, there are more than 900 halls and rooms. But the building that people visit most is the Temple of Confucius. Although it was originally built in 478 B.C., the temple has been rebuilt many times. Besides the temple, visitors can enjoy the grounds outside, where there are more than 1,000 stone tablets and over 100,000 tombs.
The Old Town of Lijiang
This site is a few hours bus-ride away from the ancient city of Dali in Yunnan Province. Surrounded by fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer. This is why the local people proudly call their town Dayan, meaning the Town of the Big Ink Stone. Each year, many foreign tourists visit the Old Town and the place is like Venice in the East to them. There are narrow alleys, pretty streams, small stone bridges, and brick and tile houses with
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carved doors and painted windows.
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area This area, north of Sichuan Province, is a unique natural wonder. Every year, visitors from all over the world come to admire the mountains, lakes, streams, trees, underground springs and waterfalls wich make Jiuzhaigou Valley an area of outstanding natural beauty. The water in the valleys lakes, streams and waterfalls is famous for being very clear. The valley is also home to many protected species of plants including bamboo. Endangered animals, such as pandas, also live in the valley.
Literature Spot 2 The Picture of Dorian Gray

Basil Hayward was a successful artist. He had nearly finished a portrait of a very handsome young man called Dorian Gray. One day a friend of his, Lord Henry Wotton, sow the picture Basil was painting and wanted to meet this young man. A few days later, Lord Henry and Dorian met at Basil’s house and went for a walk in the garden. ‘Ah, how lucky you are to be so young. There’s nothing in the world as important as youth!’ Said Lord Henry to Dorian. “But time is your enemy.’
They went inside to see the portrait and Dorian looked at his own picture intensely. ‘I wish I could always stay young and the picture could grow old. Oh, why did you paint this picture, Basil? Why should it stay young and I grow old? I wish the picture could change, and I could stay as I am.’ Dorian was beginning to fall in love with his own picture. A few weeks later, Dorian told Lord Henry that he was in love with an actress, called Sybil Vane. She was seventeen and very beautiful. Dorian didn’t tell Sybil his name but she called him Prince Charming. He told her that he was in love with her and that he wanted to marry her. Sybil’s brother was worried about her and this mysterious young man. ‘If that man harms my sister, I’ll kill him,’ he said to a friend But Sybil’s brother was a sailor and had to go off to Australia. One night, Dorian took his friends to see Sybil acting as Juliet in Romeo and Juliet. She acted badly and after the performance Dorian spoke to Sybil. He was very angry with her. ‘But how can I pretend to be Juliet now that I know what real love is? She said to him. Dorian said that he had loved her because she was a good actress. Now he didn’t love her any more and so he left her.
When he got back home, he looked at his portrait again. Somehow it was different. The face in the picture now had a cruel smile. Then Dorian remembered his wish. He realised that he had been cruel to Sybil. Tomorrow he would see her and be good to her and make up for what he had done. But the next day Lord Henry brought Dorian some terrible news. Sybil had killed herself! Lord Henry told him not to worry, that it would have been impossible to marry her anyway she was just an actress. When Lord Henry left, Dorian looked at the picture of himself again. He realised that he would stay young and handsome forever and that the face in the picture would become ugly, old and cruel.
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The years went by, but Dorian stayed young and handsome. He enjoyed all the pleasures there were in life. However, his portrait changed and showed all the terrible secrets of his life. With time he became more and more obsessed with the picture as the face in it became old and ugly. On Dorian’s thirty-eighth birthday, Basil Hayward, the painter, came to see him and tell that he was going away to Paris. Basil also told him that people were saying terrible things about Dorian’s life. Dorian decided to show him the portrait and to tell him his secret. Basil was horrified when he saw the face and he suggested that Dorian should change his life. Suddenly Dorian became very angry with Basil. He took a knife ... and stabbed Basil several times. The next day he got rid of the body. Nobody would ever miss Basil Hayward. They would think he had gone to France. Later that night Dorian was in a bar talking to two women. One of them said to him: ‘Ah, I remember who you are. You are prince Charming, aren’t you?’
A sailor heard this. It was Sybil’s brother. He realised that this was the man who had been cruel to his sister eighteen years ago. Dorian was very afraid, but said that it couldn’t have been him. He showed the sailor his face, the face of a young man of twenty. Then he went away. I nearly killed that boy,’ said the sailor.
Boy?, said the woman. ‘I first met him eighteen years ago, but his face hasn’t changed in all that time.’
A week later Dorian was in the country staying with some friends, when he realised that the sailor was following him. He became very afraid. The next day he went out walking with some of his friends who were shooting. His friend shot at an animal and there was the cry of a man. He killed the sailor who had been following Dorian. Dorian decided to change his life. ‘Maybe if I have a better life, the face in the picture will not be so ugly and horrible.’
But when he looked at the portrait it was even more terrible than before. He decided to destroy the painting. He picked up a knife and stabbed the painting. There was a loud cry and a crash.
The servants were very afraid. They went into the room and as they walked in they saw a picture of Dorian as a young man. On the floor was a dead man with a knife in his heart. It was the other Dorian Gray, his face old, ugly and horrible.
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Unit7 THE SEA Lesson1 The Spirit of Explorers
VIKING VOYAGES TO AMERICA The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach America. They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail. The Vikings were a group of people whose ancestors came from Scandinavia. They controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europe between the 8th and 10th centuries AD. By around 900AD, there were many places in NORTHERN Europe where the Vikings chose to live. In 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west, there as many as 10,000Vikings living
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in Iceland. According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble. Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed. He returned to Iceland and told people there about Greenland. He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland. Eric set sail once again, this time with 25ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland. Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland, a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Eric’s party. Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he eventually reached Greenland. In the year 1002, when Eric the Red’s son Leif was planning a trip further west, Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans. Leif followed Biarni’s directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada. He then sailed further south to an island which is now known as Newfoundland. We know about Eric the Red and Leif’s deeds through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland. They are the first records we have of European sailing to the Americas.
Lesson3 UNDERWATER WORLD THE BEST PLACE TO SEE SEA CREATURES Polar world We have polar bears and a real iceberg too! You can only see a small part of it above the water. It’s three times as big underwater. Watch the acrobatic seals at feeding time. Meet our less energetic but more friendly penguins. You’ll love them!
Ocean floor See some of the most beautiful coral and the most unusual fish in the world. Watch some fish “flying” through the water. They are less colourful than some other fish but they move beautifully. Sea theatre See our intelligent dolphins. There are fantastic shows every two hours Discovery pool Especially for younger children. They can touch crabs and other smaller creatures. They can be educated about daily life on the beach in this exciting area. Virtual reality voyage Our most up-to-date attraction. Come with us on a “virtual reality” trip to the ocean floor and see some of the strangest fish in the world. Noisiest fish Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice! You certainly can’t find a noisier fish Prettiest fish Some fish attract other fish with a light on their body and then eat them! They have a huge mouth and
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can eat fish as big as themselves. Watch out! Tiniest fish Look carefully for the tiniest fish in the world. It is not as big as a fly in your house! Swim with dolphins’ and face and attack by the most dangerous creature in the sea-the great white shark!
Lesson 4
SEA STORIES It may seem strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over. But moment after moment passed, and I was still safe. The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed. I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool trees and barrels. I noticed that the heavier objects went down more quickly than the smaller, lighter ones. So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float. I tried to make my brother understand, but he was terrified and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting, I dived into the sea to try and escape. About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. Those six hours of terror have broken my body and soul. You think I am a very old man but I am not. It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white. One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our boat full of fish. All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. An enormous wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea .Our boat survived, and I was trying to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear, and screamed out the terrifying word” whirlpool!”. With the wind and waves we were going in the direction of the whirlpool, and nothing could save us! As you can see, I did escape. I will bring my story quickly to a conclusion. Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it sank into the bottom of the whirlpool; soon afterwards, the whirlpool became less violent. Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer and the moon was shining. I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were. In the end, a boat picked me up. I was very tired. The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable to recognize me. When I told them my story, they did not believe it. Nor I have told you, and I cannot expect you to believe me more than the fishermen did.
Culture Corner Zheng He and His Seven Voyages
Zheng He (1371-1435 was one of China's most famous explorers. Towards the end of the fourteenth century, his fleet sailed to countries very far away. Zheng He had over 300 ships, some of which were over 150 metres long and could carry up to 1000 people. In addition to the supplies for the long journeys, the ships carried gold, silver, silk, china and other treasures to give as gifts to the rulers of the neighbouring countries. Some of the ships even had earth on board so that the sailors could grow
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their won crops for food. On Zheng He's first voyage, he set sail across the Indian Ocean. His fleet traveled for many days far away from land. One day, they were hit by a storm. All the sailors thought the fleet was going to sink. Then a strange light appeared at the top of the ships' masts, and after that, the storm passed. The strange light that appeared on the masts was probably electricity from the thunderstorm. Many sailors today see such lightning on the masts of their ships during a storm. But the sailors in Zheng He's fleet believed it was a sign of protection from the gods. From then on, they were happy to follow Zheng He where he led them.
Zheng He completed seven famous voyages between 1405 and 1433. He visited many countries in Asia and Africa. Zheng He also brought back many gifts from the countries he visited, such as medicines, pearls and strange animals. The most famous of these gifts were a giraffe and a zebra. When Zheng He came back from his seventh voyage in 1433, he was sixty-two years old. In 28 years of travelling, he had managed to share the glory of China with many different countries. When he died in 1435, the stories of his travels made him one of Chinas most famous sailors.

QUALITIES OF FISH There are a variety of creatures living under the sea, but not all of them are fish, and so do whales, but neither are fish because they cannot breathe under water. They have to come up to the surface to breathe. In fact, they are simply mammals living in water. Octopuses and squids are also sea creatures, but they are not fish either since they do not have backbones.
So what are the characteristics of fish? Generally speaking, fish are cold-blooded, water-living creatures with backbones and gills. Being cold-blooded means that their body temperature changes with the surrounding environment, so that they do not have to waste a lot energy keeping them warm under the water where sunlight hardly goes through. There are exceptions, however. For example some tuna fish have a slightly higher body temperature than the surrounding sea water’ and the great white shark is too big to be cold-blooded. All fish breathe oxygen through gills, swim with fins, and have scales to protect their bodies. However, different living environments and have scales to protect their bodies. However, different living environments and feeding habits make them look completely different from each other. There are colorful fishes and dull fishes’ huge fishes and tiny fishes; dangerous fishes and lovely fishes. There are fishes that do not even look like fish at all! The seahorse is one of them. There are, of course, male fish and female fish, but believe it or not they do not always stay the same! Some fishes can change sex in order to reproduce. Fish have a lot of interesting qualities, and the great variety of fishes makes them suitable for scientific study and research. If you want to learn more, the best place to start is an aquarium, where fish are specially bred and kept for educational purposes. But for many people, there are only two important qualities them it comes to fish-those that can be eaten and those that cannot.

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Unit 8 ADVENTURE
Lesson 1
ADVENTURE IN THE HIMALAYAS Just imagine. You are walking along a mountain path in the Himalayas. You are feeling tired. You are thinking about how far there is to go. Then, suddenly you are there! And the amazing Mount Qomolangma is on the horizon. It looks great. A few minutes later, you arrive at the camp. The food cooking on the fire smells great and while you are having a hot cup of tea, you relax and watch the sun go down. At dinner, the food tastes fantastic. You talk with other people in the group about everything you have seen and done during your day’s hiking. If you are looking for experiences like this, Adventure 2000 is the organization for you. A lot of hiking holidays sound exciting, but the reality is often very different. Hiking trips can be uncomfortable and even dangerous. However, at Adventure 2000 we feel that we understand the needs of hikers. All our guides have several years of experience in leading hiking trips in the Himalayas. They know all the best routes and best places to camp. We also realize that hiking can be hard work and believe that hikers need all our help. As well as the group guide, all teams have cooks and porters. While on a hiking trip, our cooks prepare delicious meals. And our porters carry your luggage, which means that you can simply enjoy the experience.
At Adventure 2000 we also think that good travel arrangements are important. We organize all the flights for you, from London to Beijing, from Beijing to Lhasa and bus travel in Tibet. Accommodation is in comfortable hotels in Beijing and Lhasa, hostels on the hiking trip, oneor two-person tents for camping. There are also special offers for people who don’t want to go straight home afterwards. Of you like history, there is a trip to Western China. For people who prefer to spend some time on the coast, we can organize your travel and accommodation too. This is a Class A hike- you have to be fit. There are walks of 6-8hours most days, with a maximum altitude for 5545 meters. Class B and C hikes are easier, so you don’t need to be so fit.
The hike costs2500 including all flights an accommodation. Maximum, group size is 15 people. Hikes are between October and May.

Lesson 3
MARCO POLO AND HIS TRAVELS Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17 years old, he traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. Eventually, they arrived in Beijing. At that time, China was ruled by the Yuan Dynasty Emperor, Kublai Khan. Kublai Khan welcomed Marco and his father. He was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe. Marco and his father were guests at the Emperor’s Palace. Although Marco was young, he was very clever and could already speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends he asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to do many
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important tasks across the country.
Marco, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperor’s Palace, especially the Summer Palace which he described as “the greatest palace that ever was… The walls were covered in gold and silver and the Hall was so large it could easily seat 6000 people for dinner”
There were inventions and developments in China which were not available in Europe at that time. Marco was surprised to see Chinese people using paper money in the markets. In Europe, people paid for goods with gold or silver. He could not understand how people could pay for food and valuable things with paper! He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel. The black stones were coal, but Marco had never seen coal before! In 1291, after 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco returned to Italy. He was now a very wealthy man. Not long after his return,, a local war broke out near his town. During the war, Marco was the captain of a warship but was caught by the enemy and put into prison. However, Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. The prisoner was an author and he took dictation while Marco told all his stories to him. The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, which became one of the best-selling books in Europe. Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco’s stories about China were too fantastic to be true. But Marco always stood by his tales. Just before he died, aged 70, Marco was asked the question, “Was it all true?”, to which he replied, “I have only told a half of what I saw!”

Lesson 4
THE RACE TO THE POLE On 1June, 1910, Captain Scott left London to begin his journey to the Antarctic. On his way, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Ronald Amundsen” I’m going South” .So the race to the South Pole was on! During the polar summer of 1910-1911, both teams organized food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring. Amundsen was the first to leave, on 15 October, 1911.he had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he makes rapid progress. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges broke down, and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves. Amundsen reached the Pole on 14December and put a Norwegian flag them. Then he prepared for the return journey. Scott finally arrived at the pole with four team members on 17 January. They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote sadly in his diary:
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“Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800miles of hard pushing-and goodbye to most of our dreams.”
The return journey was one the worst in the history of exploration. The men were soon exhausted and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott started to realize their hopeless situation: “…we are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.”
However, on their way back they found time to look for rocks. They carried 20kilos of rocks all the way with them. Later these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past the Antarctic was covered by plants. Then, disaster soon came. Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall. The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking. Scott recorded his death. “He said, ‘I am just going outside and I may be some time’ we knew that poor Oates was walking to his death but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman. We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit, and certainly the end is not far.” Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. But the terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent. Scott spent some of his last hours writing. He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen: “I could tell you lots and lots about this journey. What stories you would have for the boy…but what a price to pay.”
Scott’s diary also told the story of their end: we are getting weaker and weaker and that can’t be far. It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.” The news of Scott’s death shocked the world. He had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the extraordinary courage, shown by Captain Scott and his men made them into heroes.
Culture Corner The Silk Road
The routes For centuries, the Silk Road was the most important line of communication connecting East and West. Although the Silk Road covered a huge distance linking modern day Xi'an with the Middle East and Europe, today one area in particular is associated most closely with the name of the Silk Road. This area is Xinjiang in Northwest China, through which two major routes of the Silk Road passed on the northern and southern side of the Taklamakan desert. The name The Silk Road got its name in the 19th century when a German geographer identified it as the route through which the Romans got their silk from China. However, silk wasn't the only thing that passed along the Silk Road; anything that had buyers was traded along the road. Goods were traded from market to market passing through many hands before they reached their final destinations.


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Trade in precious stones, food, drinks, crafts, art, and of course, silk continues, too.

BREAKING THE ICE Later this month, China plans to carry out its 21st Antarctica scientific expedition in which about 130 scientists and researchers are going to take part. Before they set sail for the Earth’s coldest continent, our reporter talked to DrYuan, the captain of the ship that is going to carry them across the ocean. Reporter: Dr Yuan, this ship is huge! What’s it called?
- Dr. Yuan: she’s called Xuelong, meaning snow dragon. As you know, moving through ice-covered oceans can be extremely challenging, especially in the Antarctic. An ordinary ship weighing thousands of tones can sink if she hits an iceberg, so we need to sail in an ice-breaker. Reporter: so can you tell us more about Xuelong? Dr. Yuan: sure. She’s China’s only polar ice-breaker. We bought her from Ukraine in 1993 and made changes to her to fit our needs. We added rooms and scientific equipment so that we could carry out our research on board. But as our need for new equipment is growing, we are planning to give her a refit again some time next year. Reporter: and what about life on board? I’ve always wondered about that.
Dr. Yuan: well, it can be boring and tit can be fun. It’s quite dull when all you can see is an endless horizon for six months. And it’s hard, too, because it’s uncomfortable to travel on the open sea: the ship can roll even in light seas. We also have to bear high level of noise, and shaking caused by the ship banging against the ice. But we make friends with the wild animals along the way, and we entertain ourselves by making the most of all the things on board: the mini swimming pool, the gym, the library, the basketball court, the karaoke, the internet cafe. Among those, our favorite place is the post office and of course, the last place anyone would want to visit is the clinic!
Unit 9 Wheels

Lesson1 On You Bike
Return of the white bikes! People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years. It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes. There are also plenty of places for bicycle parking and most streets in the city centre have a bicycle path. Today some people call Amsterdam the “City Of Bicycle” because of the convenience for bicycle there.
In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans had an idea. They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren’t allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were. They are hopeful that this would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in lots of neighborhoods around Amsterdam for people to use. Anyone
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was allowed to take them and use them for short journeys. Wherever someone finished a journey, they would leave the bike there for someone else to use. The problem was that it didn’t work-thieves took all the bicycles within weeks! However, more than thirty years later, the “white bike” is back in town this time with a computer chip to record its every move! To take a bicycle, you have to insert a special card. The new “white bike” is not actually white but is an unusual design with bright colours. The bikes are parked at special parking places and people who want to use them have to take them to another special parking place that has enough room. There is already less traffic in central Amsterdam, because both locals and tourists have been using the white bikes. Indeed, thanks to the good ideas of lots of people, like the cycling fans in the 1960s, many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.
Did you know? The Netherlands has 14 million bicycles among 15 million people!
Lesson3. Clean Machine
Solar Car Racing Solar racers have been coming to Australia for years for the World Solar Car Challenge. We interviewed Marie Logan from Brisbane. Q: Well, the first question I have for you is simple. What is a solar car? A: Solar cars are cars that use the sun’s energy for power. That means they don’t use petrol, gas or any other fuel, just the sunlight. Q: And why are people interested in solar cars? A: People have been worried about pollution caused by fuels like petrol and gas for a long time now. Solar cars are clean and safe, so there is a lot of interest in them. Q: You have been designing solar racing cars for a long time. When did you start? A: Well, I’ve been interested in cars since kindergarten. When I was at university, I started designing my cars. I’ve designed five or six different cars so far. And I’ve been taking part in races for about four years. Q: How many races have you taken part in? A: Let me think. Six. We’ve won two of them!
Q: Where do these races take place? A: Well, the one I like best crosses the whole of Australia from northwest to southeast. It’s about 4,500 km long! Q: Wow! How long does that take? A: These days the fastest cars can do it in six days. Q: And what have you been doing recently? A: I’ve been building a new car with a team from Queensland University. We’ve done a lot of work
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on it, but we haven’t finished yet.
Q: And you’ve been writing a book about solar cars.
A: Well, so far I’ve only written the first few chapters! I want people to have a good impression of solar cars. Q: But a lot of people think that solar cars are too slow or not very reliable. How can you persuade them of the advantages of solar cars? A: Solar cars are getting better all the time. They have reached speeds of nearly 80 k.p.h. In tests, one car we built has averaged over 40 k.p.h., even in cloudy weather. Q: You’ve been working hard – good luck in the race! A: Thanks a lot.
Lesson 4. Car Culture
The Road to Destruction “This morning it took me forty minutes to get to work. More road construction works on the A10!” “Oh, really? It took me over one hour. There was an accident on the M11.” “You’re both lucky. It took me two hours! You don't have to use M25.”
How often have you heard these conversations? How often do we get stuck in traffic jams? How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out, tired and angry? For many people in Britain, the answer is every day. But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car. Here are some figures: In the last ten years, the number of cars on the roads in Britain has gone up by 30%. There are now 25 million cars in this country. Over three thousand people die every year in road accidents in Britain. In London, car engines produce 99% of all carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. Twenty-five thousand deaths per year are caused by air pollution. Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution. Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change. The average global warming and climate change. The global average temperature is about 0.5 degrees centigrade higher than it was 100 years ago. We know that cars are bad for us. So why do we carry on using our cars so much? We all make excuses: “The buses are terrible.” “The trains are always late.” “I haven’t got time to walk.” I’m talking myself too. I admit: I’m addicted to my cars. When I asked Jenny Tower of Greenpeace for advice about how to give up, she told me six things: 1 Use your legs. Over 25% of car journeys are under two miles short journeys we could easily walk or cycle. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and keep you live longer. And regular exercise cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%! 2 Use public transport. On average, about forty people travel in one bus, while the same number occupy thirty three cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what? You can relax on the
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bus or train, read a book, talk to someone, meet the love of your life who knows? 3 Think before you go. Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side of town? What about the shops around the corner? Before you get into your car, think about whether you really need to make that journey. 4 Share cars. If you’ve really got to use a car, share journeys with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment. 5 Don’t believe advertisements! Nearly a quarter of advertisements on TV are about cars. You see an attractive man or woman driving a fast car through beautiful countryside. It’s not true! That new car won’t make you more attractive. And you won’t be driving on an empty country road. You’ll be stuck in a traffic jam in a city or on a highway! 6 Take action somehow! We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic. There is. If your street’s full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbors about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit. Ask for a pedestrian area. Do whichever of these things that suit you. Don’t just sit around and complain!
All quite simple, isn’t it? Six easy ways to improve our environment. Well, I’m sorry I must finish this article. I’ve got to pick up my daughter from school at four o’clock. Then I’ve got to drive to take my son to a party. And tomorrow we’re driving over to see my mother. The traffic is going to be awful, but what can we do?
Culture Corner American on the Wheel
Although the motor car was invented in 1889 by a German man called Gottlieb Daimler, it was an American man called Henry Ford who created the motor car as we know it today. In 1908, Ford began production of the Model T Ford, the motor car that would change the world forever. The Model T Ford was the first mass production car in the world. Before 1908, when Ford's cars became available to the public, it was only the very rich who could afford to own a car. Ford found a way to mass-produce the motor car cheaply, making it possible for many more people to own one. The Model T Ford was simple, practical and cheap. It was a huge success. Between 1908 and 1927, Ford made and sold over 18 million Model T cars. By the 1930s, people in America wanted something more then the Model T Ford. They didn't want cars to just be practical; they wanted them to look beautiful too. Soon car companies, like Ford, were forced to change their car production to suit the public's needs. Stylish cars became popular in Amerca.

And it all began with the American Model T Ford.
Literature Spot 3 Frankenstein
My dear caption, how shall I begin? I grew up near Geneva.

Focus on reading

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“Everybody in this city wants a car, and I’m on exception. A car brings with it the freedom to travel”, said a friend of mine while reading a car magazine. I might not agree with him, but no doubt he was speaking for a rapidly growing number of middle-class Chinese. While it is true that all the waiting, walking, being part of a crowd, and sweating, are somewhat unpleasant, there are many problems which can arise when our lives rely too much on this invention. First of all, in terms of pollution the environment, driving a car is the worst act an average person can commit. Beijing now finds itself at the top of the list of the most polluted capital cities in the world with Mexico City in the second place. Research also shows that by 2010 around 90% of total pollutants in Shanghai will have come from cars. These pollutants are extremely dangerous to our health. They can damage the lungs, cause cancer, and damage the brain. Apart from environmental problems, relying too much on cars also creates social problems such as traffic jams, road accidents, and noise pollution. The jeeps that proudly drive through the narrow H2utongs in Beijing as if they are in a race often annoy me, and to make it worse, these drivers seldom respect cyclists. Of course, we cannot forget the convenience that cars bring us when we need to travel far, but I often find it faster to cycle from one place to another within the city of Beijing, especially with the growing traffic jams. Since people travel further and more frequently than before, cares will certainly be important in the future. At the same time, however, let us work hard to make sure that this invention brings us a more convenient lifestyle rather than trouble and disease. Let us make good use of cars.
模块 4 Unit 10
Money Lesson 1 A Material World

Angus Deayton interviews ex-millionaire Charles Gray A lot of people are determined to become a millionaire. They spend half their time dreaming up ways of getting rich, and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich. But do all millionaires find the happiness that they thought they would get when they achieve their goals? Some millionaires continue to be concerned about money when they become millionaires. They are hardworking to make sure they never lose it.
But there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found different ways to be happy in their lives. Charles Gray is one example.

Sixteen years ago, Charles was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and $2million. Today he lives in a small dormitory room where there is only second-hand furniture. There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man! There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees. Charles grows some vegetables and a few flowers. He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops.
But Charles appreciates this change. He was pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. He
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was tired of being a person who had everything in a world where many people had nothing. He made the choice to give all his money away. And this, he said, brought him happiness.
“A few years ago,” says Charles, “I was a millionaire, but was aware there were a lot of hungry people in the world.” Therefore he gave away all his money to charities. When he had two thousand dollars left, he gave away small bank notes in the streets of local poor areas. Did he feel like Father Christmas? “It was a lot of fun,” says Charles.
Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries. However, most people never make much money. Charles Gray decides to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes you free. Are there any things he misses? “No, I’m much happier now. I wouldn’t go back to being rich for anything-no way.” Lesson 3 Your Money

When less is more What can you do with 5 Yuan? Not a lot, you may think. Well, if buying a bag of candies or cookies doesn’t appeal to you, how about buying a tree instead? Yes, a tree along the banks of the Yellow River to be exact.

Every year, approximately 1.6 billion tons of soil flows into the Yellow River, China’s second river. The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area. Over time, a lot of soil has been removed, which has caused serious erosion of the land along the River. In some areas in Shanxi Province, this has destroyed almost all the land, and has forced many local farmers to move to other areas.

It is a huge job to control Yellow River erosion. Many people believe this kind of work is best done by government or international organizations. You may agree with this point of view. If so, it is time for you to think again.

In fact, it is you who have the most important roles to play in stopping Yellow River erosion. Did you know the importance of your 5 Yuan? For a start, it can buy you a tree, which will help make soil stay on the land. On land with rich soil, local farmers can grow crops to make a living. With the money they earn from their crops, farmers buy goods or services. This helps to develop local economics.

Still puzzled how your 5yuan can have so much effect? Well, just take a look at the fact below. Since 1997, a tree-planting program has changed the Jiuchengong Valley in Inner Mongolia into a green homeland. Visitors from all over the world now come to admire this great achievement. What is more, the success of the program has greatly improved the lives of the local people. Just think: all this started with 5yuan! So when you have 5yuan in your pocket next time, think twice about how to use the money. Remember you can use it to buy a tree and create a green future for our motherland, our people and yourself.


Lesson 4 Advertisements
Remote Headphones

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These fantastic headphones from Philips have no wires. You can listen to your favorite program while you are walking round the house or garden! You can listen to relaxing music in the bath! With Remote Headphones you can go up to sixty meters away from your radio or TV. The signals go through glass, doors and walls. These exciting, new headphones give you freedom to move around plus top quality sound. Excellent value at:80.45
Mini Camera Interested in photography? Fujiko has produced an amazing new mini camera- the advanced 1001ix. It is no bigger than a credit card! It is convenient and very reliable. It is really easy to use too. It has an automatic focus and flash, so made from an attractive and strong material. The Mini Camera is not expensive either! Cost:199.99
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Feline Floor Cleaners Do you find housework tiring and boring? Are you worried about the state of your house or flat? Have you got a cat that walks round your flat all day? Here is the perfect solution. It will change your life. Put the floor cleaners are made from good quality material. They are very practical and easy to wash. And they’re cheap! Special offer – complete set for only 5.99.
Write to: Animal Magic, P.O. Box 123 ADS ALL AROUND

Advertisement can be seen everywhere in this modern world. It is estimated that Americans view an average of 1,500 ads every day! With the rapid economic growth in China, you can expect a number doubling that in the future.
If you think you know all the ad tricks in the book and will never be talked into buying something you don’t really want, wait till you finish reading this article.
While “hard-sell” ads are easy to detect---- such as those with cheerful Olympic champions or film stars holding products and feeding you reasons why they are bargains ----- we are less clever when faced with “soft-sell’ methods. The most common technique of this kind is to make customers think there is an immediate need to buy the product. So next time you see words like hurry, act now, last chance, now or never etc., think twice. Most of the chances aren’t as short-lived as they seem to be.
Is that the only type of soft-sell advertising? Of course not. Soft-sell advertising includes give-away samples and concert sponsorships.
Different types of advertising work in different places and for different product. “There’s never a one-size-fits-all technique. It has to be tailor made for each situation,” says Gillian Greene, Creative Director of Cheesy Bee, an advertising company in London.
Other than speaking directly to customers, some ads are also made for investors and shop owners.

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Why? Because when the investors see the expensive, well-made ads, they believe that the company is running a good business. Then they’re happy to invest more money in it, even though the ad itself does not appeal to anyone in the street. In the same way, shop owner prefer to stock well-advertised goods because they know that customers are more likely to buy them.
Therefore, advertising can help sell goods even when it’s not directed at the customers. Ads work in every stage of a business, and that perhaps is the best ad for the industry itself.


Culture Corner The Euro- the Second Biggest Currency in the World

On 1st January 2002, twelve European countries started using the new euro as their official currency. The euro soon became the second biggest currency in the world. Introducing the euro was not a simple matter. There were many things to consider. One problem was the design of the coins and notes. Usually, a currency is associated with one country only so it is easier to find images and symbols to put on the coins and notes. However, for the euro, the twelve different countries were involved, and each country was as keen as the other to be represented. The notes were designed by Robert Kalina of Austria and he developed an interesting solution to the problem. His designs show seven different periods in European architecture. However, instead of showing real, existing structure, he used photographs to make up imaginary structures that best represented the different architectural styles. The fronts of the notes show windows or gates while bhe backs show bridges. This is to represent communication between the people Europe. All euro notes show the European flag and a map of Europe. The 12 stars on the European flag represent the 12 countries with the European Union, including Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. The coins were easier to design. Each country was allowed to design their own euro coins which could be used in any of the participating countries. For example, Spain put one of their famous writers, called Cervantes, on one of their coins and Austria made a coin with Mozarts face on it.


Unit 11 The Media
Lesson 1 World News
Africa on G8 Agenda July5,2005 Scotland
The Group of Eight, or G8, was formed by eight of the world's wealthiest nations in 1998. The G8 is made up of political leaders from France, the United States, Britain, Germany,Japan, Italy, Canada and Russia. They meet every summer to discuss major problems that concern the whole world. It is gong to be remembered as a historical meeting this year as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail. Widespread poverty in Africa means that many people there cannot get the water, clothing. housing, electricity or education they need. AIDS is another problem of great concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important.
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Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world. They want the leaders to cancel the debt of Africa's poorest countries so that the problem there can be prevented from getting any worse. Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts. London Wins
July 6, 2005
London At 12:45 UK time today, the name of the host city for the 2012 Olympic Games was being announced by the International Olympics Committee (IOC in Singapore. It was London. London's name had been announced twice before, in 1908 and 1948, so it now has the distinction of being the first city to host the event three times Applications to host the games had also been made by Moscow, Madrid, New York and Paris. In the end, it came down to a choice between Paris and London. The news is being celebrated by the crowds in the streets. Cheering people can also be seen everywhere: in pubs, homes and offices all over London. Prince William, who is now in New Zealand, said he was delighted that the 2012 Olympic Games would be held in London and he was looking forward to the Games.
Lesson 3
The Advertising Game The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products. It is likely to be just the name of a company, part of which may be general location. For example, it could be "Shanghai Sewing Machine", or "Tsing Tao Beer Corporation", and you would know that the companies sell, where they are located and the brand names. However, this kind of advertising may be not suitable when there are products and services in direct competition with each other in the market place. In such situations, advertisements need to attract, and hold the attention of the public. Some advertisements consist of pictures or words of experts to show people how good the products are. Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking at. As present-day advertisers often have large budgets, a lot of money is spent on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible. However, even this is often not enough to be noticed in a modern city. Because of the advertising boom, people are used to seeing high standards for visual design. Modern advertisement must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive. For example, some advertisements may suggest that buying a car may make you free. That is, they use the concept of freedom to sell the car. Other common ideas include happiness, wealth and success. In fact, in the world of advertisements, such content is as old as advertising itself. For many of today's advertisers, repeating old ideas is not a successful approach. They realise
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that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is-most people know that the main purpose of the advertisement is making customers spend money. Instead, these advertisers look for other ways to make people notice their products. The top advertisers of today believe that using humor as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important in modern advertisements. Their aim is to create something that has never been seen before and is fascinating for people to look at. By doing this, they hope to make people forget that someone is trying to sell them something! However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. Some contemporary advertisements mainly aim to make contributions to society. There are public advertisements which encourage citizens to participate in improving their neighbourhood, protecting the environment, and helping other people. Over the last decade, the government has worked hard at using advertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS, saving water, helping the poor, giving up smoking, etc. These advertisements have helped to increase public knowledge, which has made our society a better place for everyone.
Lesson 4 What’s in the Papers?
According to a research published by Leeds University yesterday, people don’t mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programs watched by children. The study found there was “amazing agreement” about when bad language was serious and when it was not. Even a group of mothers agreed that a certain amount of bad language in the well-known film Pulp Fiction was “OK” because the dialogue and situation made it “funny”. Some people said they found the use of drugs in the film more worrying than the bad language. People are asked to comment on scenes from films like Pulp Fiction, TV series like Channel 4’s Brookside and cartoons like South Park. Leeds University concluded that people made a distinction between bad language used in programs for adults, and those meant for children. Peter Moore, a writer at the BBC, said, “The result does not surprise us at all. We have always tried to keep bad language away from innocent ears and this is a very important consideration when deciding at what times of day certain programs are shown.” Sussan Bold, director of programs at ITV, said, “The report gives interesting information about attitudes to bad language on screen. But it doesn’t mean that we can increase the amount of bad language used on television.”
More than 30 astronomers on a sightseeing trip to the museum of science had an amazing escape, after their trolleybus crashed into a greengrocer’s truck on Park Avenue.
The accident, which took place in Kingston, a town southwest of London, happened because of the fog. The 60-year-old driver of the truck did not know that he was parked in the way of the trolleybus. When the driver finally discovered the trolleybus coming towards him through the fog, he tried to move but his tyres got stuck in the muddy ground. At the last minute, he jumped out of the truck, hurting his ankle, before the trolleybus crashed into the truck, pushing it 20 yards. “ I would have been killed if I’d stayed in the truck,” he said afterwards.
A spokesman for the police said, “It’s amazing that no one was badly hurt. When we arrived at

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the scene, we called an ambulance as we saw blood everywhere. We soon realised, however, that the blood was really strawberry juice! The greengrocer’s truck had been carrying a load of fresh strawberries.” He praised the bravery of the astronomers who were helped out of the windows of the trolleybus by firemen. Mum Lillian Derbyshire is going to see her four daughters again after 31- year holiday! Shonda (now 38, Shelley (37, Sherri(36 and Shirin (34 went on holiday to America with Lillian’s ex-husband and never came back, Sherri wrote a letter to local paper asking her mother to contact her.

Now Lillian, of West Gorton, Manchester, is making the 3,000- mile journey to California to see her daughters. ‘ I can’t stop crying with happiness,’ she said.
Culture Corner British Newspapers

The most popular newspapers are the tabloids. and also convenient to read.

Focus on reading
Reading Between the Rings The Olympic Games is always a big event but when the Games returned to its birthplace in Athens, Greece, in 2004, there was even more excitement than usual. This explains why the city was packed with more journalists than sportsmen, all of them competing not for medals, but for the best pictures and the most news worthy stories. Because every person sees things in their own way, the stories coming out of Athens were often every different, even when the facts they covered were exactly the same. For example, when the Chinese team won a record-high of 62 medals, the Chinese journalists recorded China’s reaction as one of “pleasant surprises”. On the other side of the world, journalists wrote about people’s “stunned” actions to China’s success.
When it came to the reasons behind China’s success, the Xinhus News Agency said it was the fruit of “years of effort”. The Observer, a UK magazine, however, put China’s success down to “the vast sum of money” that the Chinese government had put into creating medal winners. “They have money, they have people, they have pride; and what they don’t have, they can either copy to perfection or just buy.” wrote Tracey Holmes for CNN.
Some journalists described China as a “sports tsar”- a country to be feared by the traditional sports super-states like the US-and Filip Bondy of NBC Sports wrote, “The joke in Athens is that there is no reason to show up at the Beijing Olympics in 2008 because there will be no medals left even the medal stands are being built to fit the locals.” And in the Chinese reports? The media remained modest. “China will perform even better in the Beijing Games but isn’t ready to compete with the United States for the top place,” wrote China Daily. We’ll just have to wait and see.

Unit 12
Culture Shock

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Lesson 1 Visiting Britain
Dear Aunt Mei,
I can’t believe I’ve been in London for 6 months already! I certainly own you an apology for not writing more often. I’ve just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me ——I think I’m still experiencing culture shock. There is so much here that is different from home. But you’ll soon experiencing it all yourself! I wish your visit wasn’t going to be so brief but there’s a lot we can do and see in a week. I’m just so glad you can afford to visit me and I refuse to let you pay for anything while you’re here!
I don’t know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that you’ve never travelled outside of Asia thought I’d tell you a bit about what you can expect you find.
First of all, the food. When I first got here, I was amazed to find that London is such an international city. There are people from all over the world living here and as a result, there are many international restaurants. Do you know that almost every town in Britain has at least one Chinese restaurant? But British people hardly ever eat Chinese food for breakfast. You’re going to have get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over here, Aunt Mei!
And a word of advice. To avoid getting confused about the British tipping system, you need to check your bill to see if a tip is included or not. If it isn’t, I suggest leaving 10% of the bill for the waiter or waitress-even a bit more if the service is good. Taking of money —— it’s really easy to exchange traveler’s cheques at banks or hotels so I advice you to get some of those before you come.
I think we should consider staying in the English countryside for a few nights as I know you enjoy hiking. We can wander through the fields and even pick a few mushrooms to have with our breakfast! I have learnt which ones are tasty and safe to eat so we won’t risk getting sick! And don’t forget a warm coat! It can get pretty cold and foggy in this country.
One last thing, I didn’t understand English humor at all when I first got here. The British find the strangest thing funny! We’re certainly more used to Chinese humor so don’t be surprised if you hear laughter when you don’t think anything’s funny. They’re not laughing at you! But even though some British people are quiet strange, the majority of them are really friendly and I’ve made some good friends.
Anyhow, I’d better get back to work. I am so looking forward to your visit, Aunt Mei! Love Xiaojin

Lesson 3 Living Abroad When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things. Once I went to visit an American friend. After a splendid evening, I finished my cocoa and got ready to leave. As soon as we said goodbye, my friend went back to his room closing the door behind him. It made me feel that I was not really welcome.
Jin Li

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I’ve always been outgoing but since an embarrassing experience in a New York restaurant I’ve been much more cautious. I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us. I asked Janice what was wrong and she told me that I was talking too loudly. She said that to some American people, it sounded like I was shouting. I whispered for the rest of the evening.
Wang Lei

What did I learn about Chinese customs from my exciting exchange to China? Well, the Chinese are extremely welcoming. One evening, I was invited to a Chinese family dinner. I had a good appetite and the food was yummy. But my host kept on putting more food in my rice bowl. They didn’t seem to hear me saying No, thank you in my poor spoken Chinese. This was a very special experience I had in China. In my culture, you dont get more food if you dont ask for more. Martin
I had a similar experience the last time I visited China. The Chinese are the friendliest people have ever met. After my visit to a Chinese family, my friend’s grandfather wouldn’t le me go to the bus station alone. He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off. I kept saying that I knew the way myself, but it just did not work. What he did was amazing. This will not happen in many other cultures. I guess.
Tom
Chinese people are very modest too. Last time, when I visited China, we saw the tour guide wearing pretty fur coat on the day we left. I told her the coat suited her, but she looked very embarrassed, saying that it was a cheap one she had bought a long time ago. I was surprised. In my culture, when people say nice things about us, we feel very happy and say thanks.
Tina

Lesson 4 The New Australians Is it all kangaroos and surfing? Host: Welcome to “Countries of the World”. Today we’re talking about Australia, the land of sunshine and surfing. George and Fiona are two Australians who have joined us for today’s show. So first of all, tell us a bit about yourselves.
George: Hi. Well, I live on an acre of land outside Melbourne but my family actually came here from Greece in the 1980s---- in fact, Melbourne is the city with the largest number of Greek people outside Athens! At first, we didn’t feel we belong here, but now we are attached to the land we live on. Host: Thanks, George. Now here’s Fiona from Sydney.
Fiona: Hello. Australia is my birthplace but my mum came from Scotland and my dad came from France. That’s the great thing about Australian culture ---- it’s such a mix of different cultures. The early settlers were mostly English and Irish, but since 1945, the population has become more and
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more mixed with people from Southern Europe and Asia
Host: Wow! How do these different cultures affect different aspects of Australian culture?
Fiona: Well, for example, we see all these influences in modern Australian cooking. Chefs call it “fusion food” ---- a brilliant mixture of delicious Southern European food mixed with Southeast Asian food. The desserts are the best ---- they’re so yummy! Host: Sounds tasty!
George: And kangaroos are tasty too! In Melbourne, the only place we ever see kangaroos is on the menu in a restaurant. You mainly see kangaroos in the vast area of desert in the middle of Australia. This is a great place for camping but you have to look out for snakes and spiders ---- Australia has some of the most dangerous in the world. Host: So do many people live in the desert?
George: Not really. There are people who work in the mines, of course. Australia actually exports the most diamonds and coal in the world! And there are also a lot of sheep farms in the desert areas ----- in fact; I’ve heard that there are seven sheep for every person. But most Australians live on the coast. That’s why surfing is such a popular sport.
Fiona: But it’s not the only sport Australians are fond of. Because the weather’s so good, Australians like being outdoors. Walking, fishing, horse-riding, tennis, golf and sailing are all popular. We take sport very seriously and sailings are all popular. We take sport very seriously and sailings are all popular. We take sport very seriously and have produced great Olympic swimmers and top cyclists. Host: So is Australia all about beach barbecues and surfing? What about art and literature?
George: Contrary to popular belief, Australia is not a dull place at all for people wanting culture. There’s a really lively cultural scene here. Australia has produced some famous painters and world-class writers.
Fiona: And in Sydney, you’ll find a broad choice of opera, drama, classical concerts, and rock concerts ---- there’s too much choice really! Of course, things are more limited if you live in a small town.
Host: Now, is there anything you don’t like about Australia?
Fiona: I can’t bear the way the native Australians have been treated. They are now a minority group and most of them live in terrible conditions while the rest of us are quiet well-off. I think that’s unfair. The government is trying to improve things, but is seems a bit late. I wonder if they’ll ever forgive the way they’ve been treated.
George: I agree with Fiona. The only other thing I’d complain is the roads outside the cities. Most of them are in pretty poor condition.
Host: Well, you’ve given me a great preview of Australia. Now I need to see it myself.
Fiona: Of course! There are loads of great places to see in Australia. You have to visit the Great Barrier Reef ----- it’s just amazing! V
George: And the most interesting place of all is Ayers Rock ---- the huge red rock in the desert that changes color at dusk.

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Host: are all Australians as proud of their country as you are? Fiona and George: They are!
Culture Corner Australia Aborigines the Native Australians
Aborigines probably came to Australia from Indonesia 50,000 years ago. art and craft as well as musical instruments.
Literature Spot 4 The Pearl
KINO WAS A POOR PEARL DIVER. One day his baby was stung by a scorpion, so he took the baby to the doctor. But Kino didn’t have any money. He only had some very poor quality pearls. The doctor didn’t want to treat the baby ,so the doctor’s servant lied to Kino: "The doctor has gone out." That day, Kino went diving for pearls. When he was diving he saw a very large oyster. He swam down and down and picked up the oyster. Then he came to the surface. He took his knife and opened the shell of the oyster .Inside, there was an enormous and beautiful pearl-the greatest pearl in the world! Kino and his wife Juana were very happy. Now they would have enough money to educate their son and maybe buy new clothes and even a rifle. The news of the pearl spread through the town very quickly. That evening, lots of neighbours came to their house and they talked about what Kino and Juana could do with the money. The doctor and his servant also came to the house, because they also heard about the pearl. The doctor made Kino and Juana afraid about the scorpion sting. He gave the baby medicine, which he said would save him. The doctor looked around the house, because he knew that the pearl would be hidden somewhere there. In the middle of the night, while Kino and his family were sleeping, Kino suddenly heard a noise. Someone was trying to get the pearl! In the darkness, Kino jumped up with his knife but someone hit him on the head and ran away. The next morning he took the pearl to the pearl dealers in the main square of the town. There were many dealers but they all worked for one man and they always gave the divers the lowest possible price for their pearls. Kino went to different dealers but they all said that the pearl was too big and ugly and that it wasn’t worth more than 1500 pesos.
Kino was very angry. He decided to go to the capital city because he knew that the pearl was very valuable. But that night someone attacked him outside his house. Juana said that the pearl was evil and that it was going to destroy them. She tried to throw the pearl into the sea, but Kino stopped her. Soon afterwards, he was attacked in the darkness by a group of men. He defended himself with his knife and killed one of the men. Kino and Juana knew that they had to get away from the town but someone had made a hole in the bottom of their canoe, so they couldn’t go by sea. When they went back to their house they found it in flames. That day ,they hid in Kino’s brother’s house. When night came, Juana and Kino started to walk towards the mountains. They carried the baby with them. Kino was still determined to sell the pearl and kept making plans about the future. During the day, they found a place to hide. They were
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resting when they saw that three hunters were following them. They hid and stayed very quiet until the hunters had gone past. Then they ran to the mountains. High in the mountains, they found a stream and a waterfall. They drank water and decided to hide in one of the caves under the waterfall. That evening, the hunters arrived and camped next to the waterfall. Juana had difficulty keeping the baby quiet, so Kino decided to go down and try to kill the men. He was just about to attack them, when the hunters heard the baby. They thought that was a coyote. A man fired his rifle just as Kino attacked. Kino then took the man’s rifle and killed the other men. But suddenly everything went very quiet and Kino knew that something was wrong. He went back to the cave. The baby was dead! He had been hit by the first rifle shot. Kino and Juana walked back to the town carrying the body of their dead baby. They walked slowly. The people came out to meet them but Kino and Juana ignored everybody. They walked towards the sea. Kino took out the pearl. It was grey and ugly, and in the pearl he could see evil faces. He offered the pearl to Juana but she said softly:" No, you." Kino took the pearl and threw it into the water. It dropped to the bottom and settle near some plants. A crab climbed over it was covered with sands. The pearl had disappeared.

Living with Differences Living in a foreign country is fun but it isn’t always easy. There are many differences between cultures and although some of these differences are unimportant, some can cause a lot of embarrassment. In addition to the obvious language problems of living in a foreign country, I certainly experienced culture shock when I was living in Paris I know I’m not the only one so, I spoke to a few foreign friends about how they experienced culture shock in China.
Aubin arrived two months ago from Europe to take part in a language program in Shanghai. Before he left, he was actually taught the differences between European and Chinese cultures, including everything from table manners to classroom behavior. However some things have still taken him by surprise.
For example, he couldn’t understand why waiters did not want to accept the tips he gave them after meals in restaurants. He said that in Europe waiters got angry if you didn’t leave them a tip! I had to explain to him that people don’t usually tip in china and that this comes from the Confucian idea that one must avoid accepting any undue income.
Another friend, Julia, came to Guangzhou from London to teach at a language school. After a month, she told me that she was really let down by her students. I asked her why and she told me that they were so quiet, that she was the only person talking in class and it felt like the children were punishing her by making her talk to her walls! I explained to her that the children were simply being respectful but she said that it would be more respectful if they answered her questions. I think we should be proud of the Chinese tradition that stresses politeness but I do think that Julia has a good
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point.
And it is not only the West and the East that have cultural differences. Even Korea and China, two countries that are very close to each other, have differences too. “I thought Chinese and Korean people were the same,” said my friend Ji-Hyun in perfect Chinese used to take their shoes off. They don’t do that anymore, but Korean people still do! I keep getting that wrong even though I’ve been here for five years.”
Luckily, whether we take our shoes off or not, or leave unnecessary tips, the world still runs perfectly. In my opinion, cultural differences should simply be seen as a way of making life interesting. Imagine how boring it would be if we all did everything exactly the same way! Learning to understand and respect differences is, after all, what life is all about. 模块五 UNIT 13 People
Lesson 1 EQ:IQ
Success comes with a high EQ Most students do an IQ test early in their school career. Even if they never see their results, they feel that their IQ is what determines how well they are going to do in life. When they see other students have a higher IQ and that there is nothing they can do to change facts. However, new research into EQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ. While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. Professor Salovey, who invented the term EQ, gives the following description: At work, it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted. Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ. Professor Salovey may be correct. For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams? Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ. People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well. This association can exist, but it is just as possible for someone with a low IQ to have a high EQ or someone with a high IQ to have a low EQ. It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes toward life. They are also less likely to be troubled by problems. On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; thus they have a harder time surviving in life. People generally believe that a person’s IQ is determined by birth. However, most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do with education. Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person’s EQ, especially in terms of “people skills”, such as understanding and communication. Professor Mayer, recognized by many as a leading expert in the study of changes to people’s EQs, recently announced the result of a study on senior high school students. When normal students were
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introduced to students with disabilities, they found that, afterwards, the normal students were more willing to help people with difficulties. They also showed a better understanding of the disabled students’ feelings compared to students who had not been involved in the study. There was also an obvious change in the disabled students’ attitudes. They became more positive about life and more willing to try new things. The results of studies such as these show that EQs is as important, if not more important than IQ. To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life means getting on with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible. This requires a high EQ the higher the better. And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that schools need to make sure that their students are receiving the education they really need, and know that their futures are not entirely determined by their IQs. The Future and Us During the twentieth century, cars, electric lights, space travel and amazing advances in medicine changed people’s lives. So what might this new century being? There are hundreds of predictions flying around let’s have a light-hearted look at some of them. In a recent UK survey, teenagers were asked to make predictions about the year 2010. One of the most common predictions was that school uniforms won’t be around. They also predicted that both girls and boys will wear make-up more often, and more than 75% of men will wear skirts regularly. My dad is 65 next Saturday I think I’ll buy him a skirt as a birthday present and tell him he’ll soon be in fashion! Other predictions involve changing roles of men and women. By 2007, some people say that single men of working age will form more than 10% of all families. It is also predicted that washing powder advertisements will include more men because more of them will do housework. I’ll tell that that to my husband when he gets home and see how keen he is to wash the dishes! Many predictions are about crime and safety problems. Some people think that crime will improve and the world will become a more peaceful place. Others believe that crime is going to worsen and that people will stay at home becoming completely dependent on the Internet for shopping and work. It is also predicted that you will need an electronic card to get into parks as parents demand safe play areas for their children. This is old news of me our local government is going to introduce one this summer. Technology is predicted to play an even more important role in our lives in the future. Some parents might have cameras at home so they can keep an eye on their children while they are out. Quick, kids, turn off the TV and do your homework! Here’s another prediction. Researchers have concluded that cultural activity may add years to your life. The cinema, theatre and concerts may give us a longer life because they encourage strong feelings. Well, we’re watching Bridget Jones’ Diary this Friday night. Will that help us live longer? Let’s finish up with my favorite prediction. In the future, elderly people are going to make up a larger proportion of the world’s population than ever before. In Britain, an estimated 100,000 people
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now in their thirties may live to be 100. And that includes me! I’ll have a big, big party. I promise!

Lesson 4
First impressions The day that I met my best friend for the first time, I was full of anxiety. I was trying to do some revision for an important oral exam in the local library and people kept disturbing me. I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate. The last straw was when I heard someone behind me. The singing was so loud that I could even recognize the song! I turned around and glared at the person who was singing. It was a tall girl about the same age as me and she had a big smile on her face. She was standing with a book in her hands near the “English Literature” section. She looked like a literary type and seemed very interested in what she was reading. I glanced at the book’s cover. It was a book of Tennyson’s poems.
The fact that she looked like a sensitive, friendly girl didn’t matter. If anything, it made me even angrily. In fact, I’m surprised there wasn’t steam coming out of my ears!
I picked up my books, glared at her and whispered angrily, “Thanks to your noise, I’ve been unable to study. You’re so selfish!”
I still hate thinking of that moment. Let me tell you the rest of the story though. Because I left the library in such a hurry, I left my most important textbook behind. It was only when I got home two hours later that I realized I’d forgotten it and there was nothing I could do as the library was closed. I was so upset that I almost cried. Just then, the phone rang. I answered it and a gentle voice introduced the speaker as Jenny and asked if I was Jane. After confirming that I was, Jenny said that she had noticed I’d left my book in the library and as my name was in it, she’d asked a librarian to get my phone number from their files. She said that she didn’t live far away and could bring it around for me if I needed it. I sighed with relief and agreed to meet her at the convenience store down the road. I was so grateful! Of course you’ve guessed who Jenny was. She was the girl I had shouted at for singing. When I recognized her in the convenience store, I was filled with shame and apologized several times for my rude behavior. I felt so guilty, but Jenny just laughed and told me she was glad to see that I’d also left my glare in the library! I couldn’t help laughing at this and I invited her back to my apartment for a quick cup of tea. We got along really well and ever since then we’ve been best friends. We’re very much alike and we tell each other everything. To be honest, I trust her more than anyone else. I often think how lucky I am. If Jenny hadn’t been a kind person who was willing to forgive my shortcomings, I would never have experienced such true friendship.
Culture Corner Personalities and National Types
Some people believe that your nationality can influence your personality!


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Germans are sometimes of accused of not having a sense of humour.

Unit 14
Careers Lesson 1 Everybody’s good at something!
Do this personality test and find the right job for you. 1. A friend is having problems writing a plot summary for a book report. She asks you to help her. What would you do? a. Help her after school. Tell her to phone you if she needs any more guidance. b. Give her a model paragraph and tell her the names of some helpful books. c.
Suggest ways to write a clear, accurate summary. d. Ask her to make a timetable so she can finish the plot summary and book report on time. 2. You are working for an institute that gives aid to the poor in a small village. Your boss tells your team to repair an old pump near a river. What would you do? a.
Ask the villagers what they want. Ask them to give you advice. b.
Choose a certain job that you think you could do well, such as collecting data. Then plan how
you could do the job well. c.
Try to improve the design of the pump. Look at the river and see if there is a better place to
build the pump. d.
Ask everybody in your team to do certain jobs. Make sure they know what to do. Choose one
of the hardest jobs for yourself to set an example. 3. You are on a school trip and the coach has an accident when a deer runs across the road. No one is hurt, but you are stuck on a forest road with no traffic. It is getting dark and it has started to snow. What would you do? a.
Talk to anybody who looks afraid or worried. Tell them not to worry. b. Keep calm. You know that the situation is not really dangerous and somebody is going to help. c.
Tell your friends a story, while you are waiting for help. d.
Take charge of the situation. Ask a small group to go to the nearest village to get help. Tell
everybody on the bus to put on more clothes to keep warm. 4. Last week your teacher asked your class to perform a short play for the school. So far, nothing has been done and there are only ten days before the performance. What would you do? a. Offer to take part and ask others to do the same. Help people to learn their lines. b. Organise some of the practical things, such as costumes, scenery and sound effects. c. Think of topics for the play. Write the dialogue and show it to the class. d. Offer to direct the performance. Choose people for different roles.
Lesson 3
The Road to Success

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As a child, Wang Junyan never dreamed of becoming a famous person on TV. “I never thought about going on TV because my family didn’t even have one until I was in junior high school” she explained. Now Wang Junyan is the presenter for Universe TV’s news programmes. I asked her how she had achieved success and she told me that being curious, working hard, and believing in what was true made her the success she is today. It was my mother who taught me to be curious. She had a great love of everything in the universe and she taught me to be interested in mankind and nature, everything from plants to insects,” Junyan told me. “We would look in old nests to find birds’ feathers and we would even turn over stones to look at the little creatures there. I loved doing that,” remembered Junyan. She said, “My mother was a strong character. Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome, she never let her problems defeat her. She worked extremely hard to support me through school and during my time at Fudan University in Shanghai. Her attitude towards life will never stop influencing my thoughts and actions. After graduating from university, Wand Junyan became a reporter for a local newspaper. She said she chose to be a journalist because it is important that people grasp what is going on around them. I asked her if there was any special moment that made her realize this and she replied that it was after she was asked to inspect an illegal business. Her report helped the people who had been affected and it also helped the government inspect the company and catch the guilty people. “That is when I realized the importance of being a journalist, ” said Junyan.
“Writing that report wasn’t easy, but I realized that people needed to know and so I didn’t give up,” Junyan told me. This paid off because she won an award for the report. “I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.” That’s exactly what Wang Junyan has been doing as the face of Universe TV. I asked Junyan what she liked most about her job and she said that although there wasn’t much glory in a reporter’s existence, she found it interesting and challenging. “I’m never bored with this job!” She added that as a reporter she needed many different skills and was constantly challenged to learn new things. Finally, I asked her if after many years she still felt curious. Smiling brightly, she told me, “Nothing that I learned from my mother has ever left me. Today when I’m looking for stories, I still feel like I’m turning over stones to see what might be hiding beneath!”
Lesson 4
Survival of the Fittest “Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the world’s richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change. For them, the future will arrive too soon.” So begins Alvin Toffler’s book Future Shock, written back in 1970.
Now people are beginning to pay attention to Toffler’s ideas because the speed of change is becoming increasingly fast. It is sometimes difficult to work out the patterns of change. What should you do? (1_____________________. Take a deep breath and try to get a sense of the good things the
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北师大版英语教材课文
future has to offer. You don’t need to be Einstein to predict the job areas which will be most affected by such change. Jobs in farming, coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing rapidly. (2 _____________________. Without doubt, the number of jobs in information technology will multiply. There are currently over 100,000,000 computers in the world and by 2020 there will be 10 times more. (3 _____________________. There are also many other important changes taking place. First, fewer and fewer people will have a “job for life”. (4 _____________________. According to Mark Hastings of the Institute of Management, in the future, people will organize their working life around a variety of jobs, instead of working just for one division of branch of a company. Similarly, companies will operate in different ways. People will move around to do different jobs, rather than moving up in the company as before. Many more people will work for small, dynamic companies which can respond quickly to changes in the market. Other people will give up working for a boss and start their own business. All this means that companies will require people who are flexible and can work on their own. (5 _____________________. Good communication skills will be extremely important. According to Dr Laurence Lyons of Future Work, women will be envied because they have an advantage in this area. James Traeger, spokesman of a government training organization, explains that many men will have to be retrained. “It’s not about making men more like women, but helping them to communicate as well.”
Businesses will certainly become more international. English will probably remain the international business language, so don’t bother learning Russian or Spanish. (6 _____________________. Above all, a manager will need to feel comfortable working with people from other countries and continents. New technology is the driving force behind these rapid changes, so don’t get left behind. You don’t need to become a computer expert, but you must consider improving your computer skills. Work with more than one program in case you have to use them at work, and try to read about new technology. There is no doubt that all this new technology is changing the way we work and offering many other ways of working. Rather than going into an office, a lot of people are connected to the Internet and now work from home. Working like this allows you to live where you want, to continue your studies and to enjoy the comfort of having a lot more free time. However, with all this change, let’s hope that it also helps the people in poor countries where slave labour still happens. For the citizens of these nations, the future can’t arrive soon enough.
Working for a Foreign Company Globalization has caused companies worldwide to become huge international networks. A truly successful business has offices in most of the world’s major cities. This means that working for many people even if they are living in their country of birth. But what is it like to work for a foreign company? Elaine and Kevin share their experiences. Elaine I got my present job thanks to my English major background. I work as an accountant for an
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