2012年政府工作报告用语选登（12年）
1. 择校 pay to enroll one’s children in better schools
2. 统筹兼顾 adopt a holistic approach
3. 三公经费 spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and official hospitality
4. 淘汰落后产能 close down outdated production facilities
5. 倡导学术诚信 advocate academic integrity
6. 大力实施素质教育 energetically implement well-rounded education
7. 规范收入分配秩序 ensure that income distribution is governed by proper standards
8. 深化人才体制改革 deepen reform of the personnel management system
9. 适时适度预调微调 carry timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning
10. 基层医疗卫生机构 community-level medical and health care institutions
11. 用好重要战略机遇期 make the most of this important period of strategic opportunities
12. 文化是人类的精神家园 Culture gives human beings a sense of belonging.
13. 全面提升开放型经济水平 make comprehensive improvements to China’s open economy
14. 企业“走出去”步伐加快 Chinese companies expanded overseas presence
15. 资源环境和人口承载能力 the carrying capacity of China’s resources, environment and population
16. 推动多种所有制经济共同发展 promote the common development of economic entities under diverse forms of ownership
17. 加强环境保护重点工作的意见 the Guidelines on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection Tasks
18. 及时解决苗头性、倾向性问题 promptly resolve emerging issues that signal unfavorable trends
19. 主权债务危机短期内难以缓解 It will be hard to ease the sovereign debt crisis any time soon.
20. 实现了“十二五”时期良好开局 got the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-15) off to a good start
21. 政务诚信、商务诚信、社会诚信 government, business and public integrity
22. 努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度 conduct prudent and flexible macro-control on a moderate scale and in a timely fashion
23. 为市场主体提供更多的汇率避险工具 provide more tools for market participants to hedge foreign exchange risks
24. 优秀文化传承是一个民族生生不息的血脉 Passing on fine culture is essential in maintaining the everlasting vitality of a nation
25. 对行政事业性收费和政府性基金进行清理 investigate the collection and use of administrative fees and operations of government-managed funds
26. 人民的知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权 people’s rights to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee government affairs, and corrupt practices in law enforcement
27. 建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制 institute a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise
28. 走出一条生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路take a path of civilized development which ensures that production increases, people’s living standards rise, and we live in a good ecological environment
29. 努力形成知荣辱、讲正气、守诚信、作奉献、促和谐的良好风尚strive to create a social atmosphere that promotes morality, integrity, dedication and harmony
30. 全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设以及生态文明建设We will comprehensively advance socialist economic development, political, cultural and social progress, and raise ecological awareness.
31. 实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益是以人为本理念的具体体现Putting people first is about realizing, upholding, and promoting their fundamental interests.
十八大报告重点词汇（13年）
1. 立党为公，执政为民。The party was founded for public good and it exercises state power/governance for the people.
2. 总揽全局 Exercise leadership with a holistic view
3. 人们日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产力之间矛盾是我国社会的主要矛盾。The principal problem in our society is that the backward production cannot meet the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people.
4. 我们在任何情况下都要牢牢把握社会主义初级阶段这个最大国情。We must bear in mind under any circumstances the paramount reality that China remains in the primary stage of socialism.
5. 我们必须把坚持以经济建设为中心同四项基本原则、改革开放这两个基本点统一于中国特色社会主义的伟大实践。We must adhere to both the central task—economic development—and the two basic points—the Four Cardinal Principles and the policy of reform and opening up—in our great endeavor to build socialism with Chinese characteristics.
6. 我们要胸怀理想、坚定信念、不动摇、不懈怠，不折腾、顽强奋斗、艰苦奋斗、不懈奋斗。We should remain true to our ideal, be firm in our conviction, never vacillate in or relax our efforts or act recklessly, and we should forge ahead/press forward with tenacity and resolve.
7. 全面把握机遇、沉着应对挑战，赢得主动、赢得优势Seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges and gain initiative and advantages
8. 司法公信力应不断提高。Public trust in the judiciary should be steadily enhanced.
9. 社会主义核心价值体系深入人心。Core socialist values take roots among the people.
10. 公民文明素质和社会文明程度明显提高。Both the level of civility and the moral and ethical standards of the whole society should be significantly raised.
11. 中华文化走出去Take Chinese culture to the global stage
12. 破除一切妨碍科学发展的思想观念和体制机制弊端Discard all notions and remove all systematic barriers that hinder the pursuit of development in a scientific way
13. 在更大程度更大范围发挥市场在资源配置中的基础作用Leverage to a greater extent and in a wider scope the basic role of the market in allocating resources
14. 加快推进社会主义民主政治制度化、规范化、程序化Work harder to enhance socialist democracy in a systemic way by adopting due standards and procedures
15. 实现国家各项工作法治化Ensure that all governance functions are performed in accordance with law
16. 基本建立现代文化市场体系Establish the basic framework of a modern cultural market system
17. 加快建立生态文明制度Move faster to set up a system for ecological improvement
18. 形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局Promote modernization featuring harmonious development between man and nature
19. 以经济建设为中心是兴国之要，发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键。Taking economic development as the central task is vital to national renewal, and development still holds the key to addressing all the problems we have in China.
20. 以科学发展为主题，以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，是关系我国发展全局的战略抉择。Taking scientific development as the underlying guideline (not theme) and accelerating the change of the growth model (not pattern of economic development) as a major task (not main thread) is a strategic choice we have made for promoting China’s overall development.
21. 把推动发展的立足点转到提高质量和效益上来Ensure that development is based on improved quality and performance
22. 激发各类市场主体发展活力Fire all types of market participants with new vigor for development
23. 培育开放性经济发展新优势Create new favorable conditions for developing the open economy
24. 城乡区域发展协调互动Coordinated and mutually reinforcing urban-rural development
25. 促进工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展Promoting harmonized/in step development of industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization
26. 推动国有资本更多投向关系国家安全和国民经济的重要行业和关键领域Invest more state capital in major industries and key fields that comprise the lifeline of the economy and are vital to national security
27. 保证各种所有制经济平等使用生产要素Ensure that economic entities under all forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production
28. 健全中央和地方财力与事权相匹配的体制Ensure that the central and local governments have sufficient financial resources to exercise their respective powers and responsibilities
29. 财税体系The fiscal and taxation systems
30. 加强宏观调控目标和政策手段机制化建设Strengthen institutional procedures for setting macro-regulation targets and employing policy tools
31. 完善促进基本公共服务均等化的公共财政体系Improve the public finance system to ensure equal access to basic public services
32. 形成有利于结构优化，社会公平的税收制度Improve the structure of the taxation system to promote social equity
33. 建立公共资源出让收益合理共享机制Establish a mechanism for equitable sharing of proceeds from public resources transfers
34. 稳步推进利率和汇率市场化改革Take steady steps to make interest rates and the RMB exchange rates market-oriented
35. 逐步实现人民币资本项目可兑换Promote the RMB’s convertibility under capital accounts in due course
36. 科技创新必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置。We must give science and technology top priority in overall national development.
37. 提高原始创新、集成创新和引进消化吸收再创新能力Increase capacity for making original innovation and integrated innovation and for making further innovation on the basis of absorbing advances in overseas science and technology
38. 着力构建以企业为主体，市场为导向，产学研结合的技术创新体系。We should establish a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market points the way, and enterprises, universities and research institutes work together.
39. 完善科技创新激励机制Improve mechanisms for rewarding scientific and technological innovations
40. 把全社会智慧和力量凝聚到创新发展上来Ensure that the wisdom and strength of the whole society are directed to promoting innovation-driven development
41. 解决制约经济健康持续发展的重大结构性问题Resolve major structural barriers to sustained and sound economic development
42. 牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基本点。We should firmly maintain the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand.
43. 强化实体经济的需求导向Make the real economy more demand-driven
44. 合理布局建设基础设施和基础产业Make geographical /regional layout of the development of infrastructure and basic industries more balanced
45. 发展现代信息技术产业体系，健全信息安全保障体系Develop IT industry and better ensure information security
46. 有序推进农业转移人口市民化Conduct registration of rural migrant workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly way
47. 对农民采取多与少取放活的方针。We should give more to farmers and take less from them and lift restrictions over their business activities.
48. 培养新型经营主体Foster new types of business entities
49. 集约化、专业化、组织化、社会化相结合的新型农业经营体系A new type of system for intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well-organized and commercialized
50. 形成以技术、品牌、质量、服务为核心的出口竞争新优势Make China’s export more competitive in terms of technology, brand, quality and Service
51. 提高利用外资综合优势和总体效益。We should make full use of our overall advantageous position in utilizing foreign capital and make better use of such investment.
52. 统筹双边、多边开放合作Make overall planning for bilateral and multilateral opening up and cooperation
53. 全面深化经济体制改革Deepen economic structural reform across the board
54. 发展更广泛、更充分、更健全的人民民主Make people’s democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice
55. 必须坚持党的领导、人民当家作主，依法治国有机统一。We must ensure the unity of the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country and law based on governance.
56. 发展社会主义政治文明Promote socialist political progress/advance
57. 维护国家法制统一、尊严、权威Uphold the unity, sanctity and authority of the country’s legal system
58. 保证人民依法享有广泛权利和自由Ensure that the people enjoy extensive rights and freedoms as prescribed by law
59. 要把制度建设摆在突出位置，充分发挥我国社会主义政治制度优越性，积极借鉴人类政治文明有益成果。We should place high importance on system building, give full play to the strength of the socialist political system and draw on the political achievements of other societies.
60. 我们绝不照搬西方政治制度模式。We will never copy the Western political system.
61. 加强对政府全口径预算决算的审查和监督Tighten examination and oversight of all government budgets and final accounts
62. 优化常委会、专委会组成人员知识和年龄结构Improve the age mix and expertise of the members of the standing committees and special committees of peoples’ congresses
63. 推进协商民主广泛、多层、制度化发展Promote the extensive, multilevel, and institutionalized development of consultative democracy
64. 严格规范公正文明执法Enforce laws in a strict, fair and civilized way according to due procedures
65. 健全以职工代表大会为基本形式的企业事业单位民主管理制度Improve the democratic management system in enterprises and public institutions with employees’ congress as its basic form
66. 提高领导干部运用法治思维和法治方式深化改革，推动发展，化解矛盾，维护稳定的能力。We should ensure that leading officials are guided by law in both thinking and action in their effort to deepen reform, promote development, solve problems and maintain stability.
67. 任何组织和个人都不得有超越宪法和法律的特权。No organization or individual has the privilege of overstepping the Constitution and laws.
68. 绝不允许以言代法、以权压法、徇私枉法。No one in a position of power is allowed in any way to take his own words as the law, place his own authority above the law or abuse the law.
《政府工作报告》中的8个“新词”（14年）
1. 全民阅读 nationwide reading 来源：发展文化艺术、新闻出版、广播电影电视、档案等事业，繁荣发展哲学社会科学，倡导全民阅读。 We will develop culture and arts, the press and publishing, and radio, television and film, and run archives well. We will promote the flourishing of philosophy and social sciences. We will encourage the people to read.
2. 阳光财政 transparency of public finance 来源：所有财政拨款的“三公”经费都要公开，打造阳光财政，让群众看明白、能监督。 All public spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles and public receptions should be made public. We will ensure transparency of public finance and make it easy for people to understand and oversee it.
3. 精准扶贫 to take targeted measures in poverty alleviation 来源：地方要优化整合扶贫资源，实行精准扶贫，确保扶贫到村到户。 Local governments need to merge poverty alleviation resources to make better use of them and take targeted measures to ensure that assistance reaches poverty-stricken villages and households.
4. 权力清单 power list 来源：确需设置的行政审批事项，要建立权力清单制度，一律向社会公开。 We will introduce a system to list all items over which government review and approval are required and release the list to the public.
5. 互联网金融Internet banking 来源：促进互联网金融健康发展。 We will promote the healthy development of Internet banking.
6. 黑名单制度blacklisting system 来源：对违背市场竞争原则和侵害消费者权益的企业建立黑名单制度，让失信者寸步难行。 We will implement a blacklisting system for enterprises that violate market competition principles and infringe on the rights and interests of consumers, and make those who lose credibility pay the price.
7. 中国式办法 Chinese solution 来源：我们一定要坚定不移推进医改，用中国式办法解决好这个世界性难题。 We must resolutely press ahead with medical reform and work out a Chinese solution to this global problem.
8. 舌尖上的安全 safety of every bite of food 来源：用最严格监管、最严厉处罚、最严肃问责，坚决治理餐桌上的污染，切实保障“舌尖上的安全”。 We will strictly follow laws and regulations and comply with standards, and apply the strictest possible oversight, punishment and accountability to prevent and control food contamination and ensure that every bite of food we eat is safe.
李克强总理政府报告中的10个新词（15年）
1. 创客 creators 互联网金融异军突起，电子商务、物流快递等新业态快速成长，众多“创客”脱颖而出，文化创意产业蓬勃发展。 Internet-based finance rose swiftly to prominence. E-commerce, logistics, express delivery services and other emerging businesses developed rapidly. We have seen creators coming thick and fast, and the cultural and creative industries have been developing with great vitality.
2. 餐桌污染 food contamination 着力治理餐桌污染，食品药品安全形势总体稳定。 Serious efforts were made to prevent food contamination, and on the whole the situation was kept stable in food and medicine safety.
3. 为官不为 government officials are neglectful of their duties 有的为官不为，在其位不谋其政，该办的事不办。 Some government officials are neglectful of their duties, holding onto their jobs while failing to fulfill their responsibilities.
4. 三期叠加 to deal simultaneously with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of the previous economic stimulus policies 我国发展面临“三期叠加”矛盾，资源环境约束加大，劳动力等要素成本上升，高投入、高消耗、偏重数量扩张的发展方式已经难以为继，必须推动经济在稳定增长中优化结构。 In its current stage of development, China has to deal simultaneously with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of the previous economic stimulus policies. As resource-related and environmental constraints grow and costs for labor and other factors of production rise, a model of development that draws on high levels of investment and energy consumption and is heavily driven by quantitative expansion becomes difficult to sustain. We must therefore improve the economic structure while ensuring steady growth.
5. 大通关 to simplify customs clearance procedures 构建全方位对外开放新格局。推进丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路合作建设。加快互联互通、大通关和国际物流大通道建设。 We will foster a new environment in all-round opening up. We will work with relevant countries in developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. We will move faster to strengthen infrastructure connectivity with China’s neighbors, simplify customs clearance procedures, and build international logistics gateways.
6. 新型职业农民 new type of skilled farmer 要在稳定家庭经营的基础上，支持种养大户、家庭农牧场、农民合作社、产业化龙头企业等新型经营主体发展，培养新型职业农民，推进多种形式适度规模经营。 On the premise of keeping household operations stable, we will support the development of large family farming businesses, family farms and pastures, farmers’ cooperatives, leading agriculture enterprises, and other emerging agribusinesses; cultivate a new type of skilled farmer; and develop diversified and scaled agriculture operations.
7. 中国制造2025 “Made in China 2025” strategy 要实施“中国制造2025”，坚持创新驱动、智能转型、强化基础、绿色发展，加快从制造大国转向制造强国。 We will implement the “Made in China 2025” strategy, seek innovation-driven development; apply smart technologies; strengthen foundations; pursue green development; and redouble our efforts to upgrade China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality.
8. 互联网+ Internet Plus 制定“互联网+”行动计划，推动移动互联网、云计算、大数据、物联网等与现代制造业结合。 Develop the “Internet Plus” action plan to integrate the mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data and the Internet of Things with modern manufacturing.
9. 重点区域煤炭消费零增长 zero-growth in the consumption of coal in key areas of the country 深入实施大气污染防治行动计划，实行区域联防联控，推动燃煤电厂超低排放改造，促进重点区域煤炭消费零增长。 We will fully implement the action plan for preventing and controlling air pollution; carry out coordinated inter-regional prevention and control efforts; upgrade coal burning power plants to achieve ultra-low emissions; and strive for zero-growth in the consumption of coal in key areas of the country.
10. 大道至简，有权不可任性。 It goes without saying that powers should not be held without good reason.
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