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汉译英部分(全)

发布时间：2013-04-03 来源：文档文库

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汉译英部分
第一课
等截面Constant cross section，单位面积上的力Unit area on the force杆件的横截面面积A cross-sectional area of the member横截面的形心Centroid of the cross section单位长伸长量Elongation per unit length相邻横截面Adjacent cross-section除非另有说明Unless otherwise noted 力的集度。即是单位面积上的力，称为应力The force set degrees, that is the force per unit area, known as stress 应力常用希腊字母@来表示Stress commonly used Greek letters @ 单位长度的伸长量称为应变，常来以下公式确定Unit length of elongation is called strain, often to the following formula to determine 材料力学是应用力学的一个分支The materials mechanics is a branch of applied mechanics 材料力学讨论固体在承受各种荷载时的性能Of Material Mechanics Discussion solid performance under various loads
第二课
临界应力Critical stress欧拉公式Euler's formula 比例极限Proportional limit强度极限Strength limit非弹性屈曲Inelastic buckling平均压应力Average compressive stress回转半径Radius of gyration许可应力Allowable stress 我们注意到临界应力的变化和柱子长细比的平方成反比We note that the critical stress changes and pillars slenderness ratio is inversely proportional to the square of 如果，柱子将由于弹性屈曲而失效，欧拉公式可以应用If, pillars elastic buckling failure.Euler's formula，
曲线ABC是根据公式2-1绘制的，被称为欧拉曲线 draw, is called the euler's curve
Curve ABC is according to the formula 2-1 结构工程安全系数的典型值介于1.5和3这一范围内。The structural engineering typical value of the safety factor of between 1.5 and 3 within this range
第三课
温度差Temperature difference 补救措施Remedial measures 补安全度规范Complement safety norms，雨水积聚 Rainwater accumulation 概率密度函数Probability density function 概率曲线 Probability curve 失效概率Probability of failure 分项安全系数Partial safety factors 结构必须具备抗破坏的安全度和实用时的实用性The structure must have anti undermine the security and practical usefulness 作用在结构上的荷载可分为三大类。Effect on the structure of the load can be divided into three categories. 像活荷载一样，某时刻的环境荷载无论大小还是分布都是不确定的 Like live load, a time of environmental load regardless of size or distribution is uncertain
规定值并不是平均值，而是表示期望的上限Specified value is not mean, but expects the upper limit 设计规范中合理的安全条款已经取得了很大进展。code of reasonable safety terms have been made great progress. 由此可看出，这个规定的使用荷载比作用在结构上的平均荷载大得多。This can be seen, the provisions of the use of load ratio effect on the structure of the average load much larger 第四课
风吸力Wind suction 风压力Wind pressure 四坡屋顶Hipped roof 建筑正立面Building façade 斜度在30的坡屋顶Gradient in 30 slope roof 低层建筑Low-rise building 风压力和吸力分别指的是空气的压力大于或者小于大气压力Wind pressure and suction means is the pressure of the air is greater than or less than atmospheric pressure 当屋顶的坡度大于约30°时，在屋顶的迎风面为压力，在屋顶的背风面为吸力When the roof slope is greater than about 30 °, the windward side of the roof of the pressure in the leeward side of the roof to the suction 雨棚下部受垂直升力的作用，该荷载与上部风荷载同时作用其上The canopy lower vertical lift, the load and the upper part of the wind loads acting simultaneously on.

第五章
结构的实用性Practicality of the structure 结构的耐久性The durability of the structure 裂缝宽度Crack width 长期挠度Long-term deflection 使用荷载 Use load
在设计良好的钢筋混凝土梁中，裂缝须足够小，以防出现超过规范允许宽度的钢筋锈蚀Well-designed reinforced concrete beams, the cracks to be small enough to avoid a more than steel corrosion specification allows the width 为了控制裂缝，最好使用小直径而数量多的钢筋，而不是大直径而数量少的钢筋In order to control the crack, the best use of small diameter and number of reinforced, rather than the large diameter of the small number of reinforced. 一般，配置光圆钢筋的梁，其裂缝会表现的少宽，而配置适变形钢筋的梁，其裂缝数量多而宽度细微到几乎不可见。General configuration plain bars, beam, the crack will show less wide, and configure the appropriate deformed bars, beam, the number of crack width subtle almost invisible. 对深受弯构件，除受弯主钢筋外，需要在腹部两侧配置附加钢筋以防其表面裂缝宽度超限Deep flexural members, in addition to the main reinforcement of the bend by both sides of the abdomen configure additional reinforcement to prevent the surface crack width gauge

第六章

预制混凝土结构Precast concrete structure 地震受灾区Quake-hit areas 能量的吸收 Energy absorption 现浇结构Cast-in-place structure 水平抗侧力构件Level of lateral force resisting members 塑性铰Plastic hinge 延性结构Ductility structur 在经受地震的时候，连续结构往往表现良好When subjected to the earthquake, continuous structures tend to perform well 结构抵抗地震的能力很大程度上取决于他吸收能量的能力The structure's ability to withstand an earthquake depends largely on his ability to absorb energy 预制混凝土结构，由于其节点缺乏连续性，不适用于地震区Precast concrete structure, due to the lack of continuity of its nodes, and does not apply to the earthquake zone 作为其特色，抗震结构往往拥有楼板或者屋面作为刚性隔板，以将内心传递到水平抗侧力构件上Seismic structure often has as its characteristics, the floor or roof as a rigid diaphragm, to pass the heart to the level of the lateral force resisting members on
第七章
冲击荷载Impact load 软钢，低碳钢Mild steel, low carbon steel 冷拉Cold Drawn 粘土砖Clay brick 收缩Shrink 钢结构的设计主要基于钢材的强度，但是钢材的延性，韧性及及可焊性也是重要的特性。The steel structure design is mainly based on the strength of steel, but the steel ductility, toughness and weldability is also an important characteristic.

钢材的可焊性非常重要。因为与栓链接和铆接结构相比，焊接结构节省重量并且易于装配The weldability of the steel is very important.As compared with the the bolt link and riveting structure welded structure to save weight and easy to assemble 普通混凝土的抗拉强度比较低，在结构应用中常规的作法或者是在混凝土放入钢筋一起抵抗拉力（钢筋混凝土），或者是用混凝土中的压力来抵消拉力（预应力混凝土或者后应力混凝土）。Relatively low tensile strength of ordinary concrete in structural applications in routine practice or placed in the concrete reinforced with resistance Rally (reinforced concrete or concrete pressure to counteract the stress after Rally (prestressed concrete or concrete. 建造过程中最大的不同是一般不需要等量的临时模板和支撑，而是在混凝土结构中需要这两者The biggest difference in the construction process generally does not require the same amount of temporary formwork and support, but both need concrete structures 砂浆的收缩与热膨胀裂缝是砌体结构的两个主要问题。Shrinkage and thermal expansion of the mortar cracks in masonry structure of the two main issues
第八章
.力矩Torque 均匀荷载Uniform load 等价体系Equivalent system
连系梁Link beam 二次超静定Secondary statically indeterminate 放松结构Relaxed structure 滚轴支座Roller bearing 这些位移可能是由于外加荷载，基础沉降或者温度变化引起的These displacements may be caused due to the applied load, foundation settlement or temperature changes 因此，我们找到作用于最初的超静定结构上的力：他们是赘余力和作用在基本结构上的力的和。Therefore, we find the effect to the original statically indeterminate structure force: they are summation of proud force and effect in the basic structure of the force 。
最终位移是基本结构上附加荷载和外加荷载的效应叠加产生的Final displacement on the basic structure of the superposition of the effect of the additional load imposed loads
第九章
弯矩-曲率关系Moment - curvature relationship 应变计长度范围内测得的平均应变The length of the strain gauge measured over the average strain 应变硬化Strain hardening 极限压应Ultimate compressive strain 抗弯承载力Flexural capacity 梁的有效高度The effective height of the beam 弯矩图Bending moment diagram 界限配筋率Reinforcement Ratio 在最大弯矩等于塑性弯矩时，其曲率变得非常大，并且出现塑性流动Its curvature becomes very large, and the plastic flow in the maximum bending moment is equal to the plastic moment 塑性铰总是在弯矩最大的截面上出现，其出现意味着构件将沿铰截面转动Plastic hinge always appear on the largest cross-section of the bending moment, and its presence indicates that the member rotation along the hinge section 塑性铰的形成将使构件成为破坏结构The formation of the plastic hinge will allow components become damaged structure 铰中塑性区的长度可以较容易地计算出来Hinged plastic zone length can be easily calculated

第十章
中性轴Neutral axis 质心Centroid 名义上Nominally 抵抗力矩Resistance to torque 最小配筋百分率Minimum reinforcement percentage
最大配筋百分率
The largest percentage of reinforcement 在得到梁的表达形式之前，必须要根据两种受拉钢筋的配置数量对梁的类型进行分类。Form of expression of the beam before it must be based on the number of configurations of the two tension reinforcement beam type classification
对于一个适筋梁，当达到极限荷载时，梁的钢筋将开始屈服，虽然受压混凝土仍然没达到极限应力状态。When reached ultimate load for a suitable reinforcement beam, the beam reinforced will begin to yield, although the pressure on the concrete still did not reach the limit stress state.

有时，由于建筑和功能的要求，所选梁的尺寸比仅仅考虑弯曲更大。
Sometimes, due to the construction and function requirements, choose the size of the beam than just consider bending more. 在应变达到某个值时，钢筋混凝土梁受拉边的混凝土出现开裂In the strain to a certain value, the reinforced concrete beam tension side of the concrete crack appeared
当受拉边配筋多时，受压边的破坏将以混凝