A NSWER KEY Part One: Essay Writing 1 An Introduction to Writing Activity (Point and Support in a Paragraph , pages 5— Point: There are drawbacks to moviegoing. Support: 1. Inconvenience b. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theater d. Sticky floor 3. Other moviegoers a. Running kids b. Laughing, shouting teenagers Activity (Introductory Paragraph , 8 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. a. Inconvenience of going out b. Temptations of the theater c. Behavior of some patrons Activity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs , 9-0 1. To begin with, I just don'tenjoy the general hassle of the evening. 2. b. Parking lot is always jammed d. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowded e. Tickets cost up to $8 each 3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really do'ntneed. 4. b. 2 chocolate bars 3 Milk Duds 5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand. 6. a. Little kids race up and down the aisles b. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noises Activity (Concluding Paragraph , 10 1. a 2. c Review Activities, 18-20 Answers will vary. 2 The Writing Process Activities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline Answers will vary.
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Activity ( Writing a First Draft , 33 1. thesis specific 2. first bs 3. equiped (other answers are possible 4. second and third Activity ( Revis ing with a Seco nd Draft , 36 —7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. conclusion Second 5. however 6. watching what I keep in the house unity . . . My friends are as bad as I am. 7. comfortable seats support . . . snacks like celery and carrot 8. As jump into my hands disgusted sticks . . . no ice cream in the freezer . . . 9. dripping with butter . . . risk pulling out my fillings as I chew Activity ( Taking a Writing Inventory , 39 FO Answers will vary. Activity ( Prewriting , 41 F3 L, Q, SO, C, F Activity 1 ( Outlining , 43 F5 1. Thesis:My high school had three problem areas. a. Students (1 Involved with drugs (2 Formed cliques b. Teachers (1 Unwilling to help after class (2 Much too strict c. Buildings (1 Leaky ceilings (2 Ill-equipped gym 2. Thesis:Working as a dishwasher in a restaurant was my worst job. a. Working conditions (1 Heat in kitchen (2 Noisy work area b. Hours (1 Ten-hour shifts
(2 Hours changed every week c. Pay (1 Minimum wage (2 No bonus for overtime 3. Thesis: Joining an aerobics class has many benefits. 欢迎下载 2
a. Social benefits (1 Make new friends (2 Meet interesting instructors b. Mental benefits (1 Reduces mental stress (2 Improves self-image c. Physical benefits (1 Strengthens heart (2 Tones muscles 4. Thesis: My favorite times in school were the days before holiday vacations. a. Lighter workload (1 Less work in class (2 Less homework b. Friendlier atmosphere (1 Teachers more relaxed (2 Students happy about vacation c. Special events (1 Pep rallies (2 Holiday concerts欢迎下载
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Activity 2 ( Outlining , 45 -47 Thesis:More and more, the inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings. First topic sentence:The world of business is one area in which technology is isolating us. Support: 2. Workers'salaries are automatically credited to their bank accounts. 3. Personal banking is becoming a detached process. a. Customers interact with machines rather than people. b. Some loans are accepted or rejected by computers, not loan officers. Second topic sentenceA: nother area that technology is changing is entertainment. Support: 1. For many people now, music is a solitary experience. 2. Fewer people go out to watch movies. Third topic sentence:Education is a third important area in which technology is separating us from others. Support: 1. Students sit alone in front of computers. 2. Students use software at home instead of interacting with others. 3. Videotapes are replacing class instruction. Activity ( Revising , 47-48 2, 1, 4, 3 3 The First and Second Steps in Essay Writing Activity ( Writing a Good Thesis , 50-51
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List 1 2 Teachers l Education bike riding Math teacher 3 5 a 4
List 2 3
Bicycles 4 Dangers of Recreation
l 2 5
My high school math teacher was incompetent. High school math teacher List 3 Retail companies
Recreational vehicles Bike riding in the city is dangerous experience.
List 4
1 Supermarkets 2 trip 4 Dealing with customers Working in a supermarket 3
3
Camping 4 First camping
2
5
Summer vacation My first camping trip was a disastrous experience. 5
I've learned how to handle
unpleasant supermarket customers. Activity ( Common Errors in Writing a Thesis , 53 l
Vacations
A. 2 A
1. 2. 3.
TB TN TB TN TB
B. 6 7 8 9 10 2 4. A 5.
2 Activity ( Support the Thesis with Specific Evidenee , 54 -55 Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point for each outline is listed below. 1. c. Learning new rules and procedures 4. c. Save money 2. c. Sense of humor 5. Long hours
c. 3. c. Too cold in the winter 6. c. Worry about finances Activity ( The Importance of Specific Details , 57 S 1. The paragraph lists specific precautions: getting a permit and buying pressure-treated lumber. X 2. What kinds of things did the writer do wrong? What specific rules were enforced? How did this 欢迎下载
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parent punish the writer? S 3 The paragraph lists specific examples of items that should not be improved: cheesecake and jeans. X 4. What kinds of problems does the dog have? How does the dog misbehave when the owners are away? How did the owners try to train the dog? Activity 1 ( The Importance of Adequate Details , 58 Answers are given in the text after the activity. Activity ( Identifying the Parts of an Essay , 61 Thesis statement: 4 Topic sentence of first supporting paragraph: 5 Topic sentence of second supporting paragraph: 15 Topic sentence of third supporting paragraph: 22 First sentence of the conclusion: 34 Activity 1 (Evaluat ing Thesis Stateme nts, 61-62 Activity 2 (Evaluat ing Thesis Stateme nts, 62 1. A a. OKb. 2. OK a. Ab.
1.
TN OK 2. TN OK 3. TN OK 4. OK TN 5. OK TN a. b. a b. a b. a. b a. b
3. OK a. Ab. 4.A a.
OKb. 5.A
OKb.
a.
Activity 3 (Evaluat ing Thesis Stateme nts, 62-63 Activity 4 (Evaluat ing Thesis Stateme nts, 63 1. TB a. 1. OK a. OKb. 2 b. 2.TB a. 2. 2 a.
OKb. 3. OK a. TBb. 4. TB a.
OK 3. OK 2 4. 2
b. a. b. a. b
OK OK b. 5. TB a. OK OK b. Activity ( Completing Thesis Statements, 64
5. 2
a. b
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Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point of development for each thesis statement is listed below. 1. science. 6. coach 7. we were emotionally 2. to be enthusiastic. immature. 3. my boyfriend. Activity ( Writing a Thesis Statement , 65 Answers may vary slightly. 4. money. relationships with others. 5. breaks down regularly. friend's car. 1. The cars I've owned have reflected the changes in my personality. 2. Attending a two-year college has several advantages. 3. I have tried several ways to give up snacks. 4. Halloween is not all fun. 5. Three factors contributed to my heart attack. Activity 1 ( Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis , 66 Answers will vary; a possible thesis for each limited subject is listed below. 1. Sharing an apartment with a roommate helped me adjust to a new city. 2. Deciding to be less critical of your spouse can help a marriage. 3. My mother's tidiness drives us crazy. 4. Fast-food restaurants are cheaper, cleaner, and friendlier than other restaurants. 5. My cousin Myra has several bad driving habits. 6. Regular exercise can help ease emotional problems. 7. Do-it-yourself repairs always end up costing me more money than the'yre supposed to. 8. The free-agent system has made baseball a big business, not a sport. 9. Being a single parent can be exhausting, frustrating, and intimidating. 10. Noise pollution is a growing problem in our city. Activity 2 ( Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis , 67 Answers will vary; some possible limited subjects and thesis statements are listed below. 1. Exotic animals as pets People should not be allowed to keep exotic animals as pets. 2. Teens and birth control Parents should be notified if their daughters visit a birth control clinic. 3. The new season's TV programming The new television programs are carbon copies of last ye'asr successful shows. 4. Computerized offices Computers in offices are creating new health problems for employees. 5. Major fields of study Choosing a major does not have to be done blindly. 6. House calls Doctors should be compelled to make house calls. 7. Summer vacations 欢迎下载
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8. manners 9. my 10. the time I dented my
Summer is the worst time of year to take a vacation. 8. Barbecuing There are three kinds of people who will be found behind a barbecue gri.ll 9. Children's allowances Getting an allowance teaches a child to be responsible, mature, and thrifty. 10. Christmas shopping One year I made the mistake of doing my Christmas shopping months in advance. Activity ( Providing Specific Evidenee , 68 -69 Answers will vary; some possibilities are listed below. 1. Guests arrived two hours late; roast was burned; host and hostess got into a huge fight 2. Collects dead frogs, birds, and worms; loves to dunk pizza in his chocolate milk; combs his hair with his toothbrush 3. Too tired; too hungry; too disorganized 4. Chose my friends for me; chose my clothes for me; chose my college for me 5. Baby-sitting, gardening, baking cookies 6. New ignition, new brakes, new heater 7. Cat got sick; kids got sick; roof started to leak 8. Slept at his desk; gave six hours of homework per night; had a nasty temper Activity (Identifying Adequate Supporting Evidenee , 69 刁0 AD 1. U 2. What are specific examples of how people are thoughtless to pets? What are the particular needs of pets that may be ignored? Examples might include bathing animals regularly, treating them for fleas, helping them stay cool in summer, exercising them, and providing a nutritious diet. U 3. What are specific examples of shows that are of little interest to people? Exactly how would commercials be changed? How would network news be made more interesting? Examples might include the names of shows (situation comedies, game shows, and so on that aren't popular. Commercials might be changed by eliminating repetitious jingles or celebrity endorsements (using examples of current commercials. AD 4. U 5. What are examples of how the woman was set in her ways? What did she say about the kind of hairdo she wanted? For example, the woman might have rejected any suggestions other than the style she was used to. What did the writer do that was unsuccessful? And how did the woman seem to indicate that the writer was not doing what she wan ted? For in sta nee, she might have shook her head or sighed every time the writer attempted to please her. Activity ( Adding Details to Complete an Essay , 70 —3 An swers will vary; possible support ing details are in cluded in the paragraphs below. First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for pers onal in terests. We all read more that week tha n we had read duri ng the six mon ths before. Dad in troduced Mom to his favorite mystery writer — Dorothy Sayers— and it was pleasa nt to see 欢迎下载 8
them sitting on the sofa together, each one absorbed in a book. Luella, serious as always, read no vels by Charles Dicke ns, while I settled modestly for the daily n ewspapers.We each also enjo yed some hobbies we had ignored for ages.Mom and Dad did crossword puzzles together, Lu dusted off her stamp collection, and I finished knitting the sweater I had started last September」n additi on, my sister and I both stopped procrast in at ing with our homework. In stead of putting off our English and math assignments until our favorite shows were over, we tackled them right after supper and found that, without the sound of the TVblari ng in our ears, we could do them in a couple of hour—
far more quickly tha n we expected. Second, we did chores that had bee n hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had needed attention for some timM om fixed a faucet that had been dripp ing for weeks while Dad patched the cracked plaster in the dining room. Lu and I clea ned our closets, finding records, tapes, and magaz ines that had bee n miss ing for mon ths. By the end of the week, the house was in tidier shape than it had been since we moved in. We also had a cha nee to do some Ion g-postp oned shopp in g.Mom and Dad picked out a new sofa for the den; Lu bought some new books, and I went through a whole stack of catalogs and fini shed all my Christmas shopping by mail. And each of us also did some letter writing or other paperwork that was long overdue. Mom and Dad struggled with this year's in come tax forms, Lu wrote to Johnny, a friend she met at Spirit Lake last summer, and I wrote a thank-you note to Aunt Elsie for letti ng me stay with her duri ng my weeke nd in New York City last mon th. Fin ally, and probably most importa nt, we spe nt time with each other. I nstead of being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. Mom told us about the programming project she has been doing at work, and we had fun pla nning the trip to Bost on we are going to take this summerMoreover, for the first time in years my family played some games togetherWe played several games of Scrabble and we eve n got out the Mon opoly set and played a game follow ing the rules our family has made up over the years. And because we didnthave to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over a couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them. We were glad to see how much the Overholt childre n had grow n, and Joe and Sandy Cipria nni kept us laughi ng all evening with their stories about fixing up the old house they bought. 4 The Third Step in Essay Writi ng Fill-i ns (Com mon Methods of Orga ni zati on , 75 —6
The topic sentences in the essay use the words To begin with, Next, and Finally to help show time order. The paragraph uses the follow ing words to help show time order: Next, first. Then, After, and Fi nally. The topic senten ces in the essay use the words For one thi ng, In additio n, and Most importa nt to help show emphatic order. The words Worst of all are used to mark the most emphatic detail in the paragraph. Activity ( Com mon Methods of Orga ni zati on , 77 A. 1. time order B. 欢迎下载 9
time; emphatic; time; emphatic 2. emphatic order 3. comb in ati on of time and emphatic order Activity ( Transitions , 78 -80 1. Additi on sig nals: One, Also, Ano ther 2. Time sig nalsAfter,First, Next, Fin ally 3. Space sig nalsNext [to], To the right, Near 4. Chan ge-of-direct ion sig nals:But, however 5. Illustration signals: For example, such as 6. Con clusi on sig nals:Fi nally, therefore Activity ( Transitional Sentences, 81 An swers may vary slightly. In addition to teaching me about the importanee of family support, my parents taught me the value of hard work. Along with the value of hard work, my pare nts emphasized the ben efits of a good educati on. Activity ( Other Connecting Words , 83 1. four times 2. he 3. iron range; throbbing swellings; frigid Activity (In troductory Paragraph, 86-87 1. B 2. F 3. A Start ing with an opposite Quotati on Gen eral to n arrow Activity (Con cludi ng Paragraph, 89 1. P/R 2. Q 3. S Activity ( Titles, 90 -91 An swers will vary; examples of titles are give n below. 1. Choosi ng McDo nald's 2. A Diner at Midnight 3. Audie nces at Rock Con certs Activity 1 ( Organizing Through Time Order , 91 -93 1. 1 3. 1 3 2 Activity 2 (Organizing Through Emphatic Order, 95 -96 1. 2 3. 2 1 3 3 1 Activity ( Providing Transitions , 93 -94 2. 3 1 2. 3 1 2 欢迎下载 10
First of all, there are the people ... For example, there are the ones ... Ano ther type of n ervous ... However, n either of these ... A sec ond category of people ... On the contrary, they feel compelled ... As a result, no one hears ... After they have bee n to the theater ... Then they will start ... Last of all, there are the people who talk ... In additi on, it is impossible ... But if ever I am gran ted ... Activity (Identifying Transitions and Other Connecting Words , 95 -96 S P T S P RW P 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
T RW S T P RW T
9 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. P 8. Activit/ ( Completing Transitional Sentences , 96 -97
y Thesis 1: After maki ng certai n that your house con forms to state regulati ons, you must obtain_legal permits ... Fin ally, once you have the n ecessary legal permits, you can beg in to advertise ... Thesis 2: In additi on to sav ing me mon ey, watchi ng the game at home is more comfortable tha n sitti ng in a stadium ... Eve n more importa nt tha n cost and comfort, though, is the techno logy which makes a televised game better than the real thing.”... Activity (Identifying Introductions and Conclusions , 97-99 Pair 1: D In cide nt or story I Predict ion or recomme ndati on Pair 2: E Questio n(s G Summary and final thought Pair 3: F Quotatio n G Summary and final thought 欢迎下载
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5 The Fourth Step in Essay Writi ng Activity ( Use Parallelism, 101 —02 An swers may vary slightly. 1. The no velty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fan gs, and fake insects. 2. Many people share the same three great fears: being in high places, work ing with nu mbers, and making speeches. 3. To decide on a career, people should think closely about their in terests, hobbies, and skills. 4. At the body shop, the car was san ded dow n to the bare metal, pain ted with primer, and sprayed with red enamel. 5. In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows, and auditioning for professional companies. 6. Juan' last job offered security; his new iob offers a better chanee for advancement. 7. People in today's world often try to avoid silenee, whether on the job, in school, or _at home. 8. Because the dying woma n was dig nified an d courageous, she won everyoraserespect. 9. The politicia n trusted no on e, rewarded loyalty, an d depended on ly on his own in sti nets. 10. If we 'e not careful, we 'l leave the next generation polluted air, contaminated water, and dying forests. Activity ( Consistency with Verbs, 103 1. arrive arrived 6. floated floats 2. asks asked 7. grabs grabbed 3. sliced slices 8. swooped swoops
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4. went goes recharged recharge 5. tips tipped burned Activity ( Consistency with Pronouns , 104-05 1. your their health own 2. you I never know in digesti on 3. youwe have if youwe 4. their its aggressive lear n 5. one you should pla n dress 9. 10. burns 6. you I can 7. you her 8. you we don 'dare 9. we they can Activity 1 ( Use Specific Words, 106-07 10. one you should An swers will vary; followi ng are examples. 1. Potato chips, pretzels, and salted pea nuts ... 2. . . . papers, books, and magaz ines ... 3. . . . a TV, a CD player, and a computer. 4. The comics, the sports pages, the obituaries, and the society page ... 5. . . .my throat, my ears, and my lungs ... Activity 2 ( Use Specific Words, 107 -08 An swers will vary; followi ng are examples. 1. 2. 3. 4. The rusty old Buick sputtered, whin ed, and refused to start. The mathematics final was filled with tricky, baffli ng problems. Little Robbie was so exhausted that he could scarcely keep his eyes ope n. My cluttered, jumbled, dusty bedroom n eeds to be swept out, scrubbed, and reorga ni zed. 5. A broke n-dow n city bus blocked Mai n Street and stopped traffic for an hour. Activity ( Use Active Verbs, 109 1. The typical America n diet in cludes many un healthy foods. 2. Hun dreds of bit ing ants inv aded the family pic nic. 3. Doctors use an tibiotics to treat many in fecti ons. 4. A drunk driver caused the fatal traffic accide nt. 5. The in structor will determ ine final grades on the basis of class performa nee. Activity ( Use Concise Words, 110-111 An swers will vary. 1. I will conclude by summarizing my major points. 2. Every day, pare nts must con trol their childrens televisi on watch ing. 