英语名词的用法

发布时间:2016-04-01 16:12:37   来源:文档文库   
字号:

一、 导入:

(一)名词的种类(了解)

名词:表示人和事物名称的词,包括具体和抽象的概念。可分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词是指某个或某些个人、地方、机构等专有名词。如BeijingTomChina等等,普通名词是指一类人或东西或是一个抽象的名称。如:bookpen apple等。普通名词又可以进一步分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词等四类。1.个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如book()dog()boy(男孩) 2.集体名词表示若干个体组成的集合体。 family(家庭), class() 3.物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如water()tea()milk(牛奶) 4.抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念。如love()peace(和平)等。

(二)、名词在句子中的成分(了解)

1、作主语:The cup is beautiful. 2、作表语:Mother is a doctor.

3、作动词宾语或介词宾语:I am playing ball. His home is in Beijing.

4、作宾语补足语:They made him monitor of the class.

5、作同位语:This is Li Huaour monitor. 6、作状语:The rain lasted an hour.

7、作定语:I had to buy eye drops 8、称呼:Hello Mike

 、知识梳理

(一)、名词的数(掌握)

名词有可数名词和不可数名词,(以上面例子来解释)个体和集体一般为可数,物质和抽象为单数,但不是绝对的。常考的不可数名词: advice work news furniture experience(经验,当经历时可数)

可数名词在应用时有单数和复数的区别,表示一个用单数,两个以上用复数,名词复数的构成有以下规则

1一般在词尾直接加s在元音或浊辅音后读【z】,plays;在清辅音后读【s】,如cups;在t后读【ts】,如hats;在d后读【dz】,如beds

2sxshch结尾的名词,通常在词尾加es读【iz】,bus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brusheswatch-watches

3、以元音字母+y结尾的加s,读【z】,如boys 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,把y变为i,再加es读【izbody-bodies

4ffe结尾的名词,把ffe变为v,再加es读【iz】,thief-thives knife-knives

例外:roof-roofsscarf-scarfs/scarves proof-proofschief-chiefsbelief-beliefs,

5、以o结尾词,一般加es;特例加s都读【z】,如,negro-negroes hero-heroes tomato-tomatoespotato-potatoes ,黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿,例外:zoo-zoosradio-radiospiano-pianos(外来词),photo-photos(缩写词)

6名词复数的不规则变化

man-menwoman-womenchild-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-mice

7单复数形式相同的名词

sheepdeer ChineseJapanesefishfishfishes

8、词尾加en,读音改变如:ox-oxen/oksn/

9表示“某国人”的名词遵循以下原则

中日不变,如Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese英法变,如Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen其他s加后面,如American-AmericansGerman-Germans

9复合名词的变法

an apple treesome apple trees, a girl studentsome girl students

例外a woman teachersome women teachersa man teachersome men teachers)

10、合成词的单复数:将主体词变为复数,规则同上

new-comer(new-comers)pencil-box(pencil-boxes)

11只有复数形式的名词peoplepolicecattletrousersglassesthanksclothes

12、只有单数形式的名词: furniture

13、根据意义确定单复数的名词

如:family指“家庭”时,强调全体,如My family is a big one.;指“家里人”时强调个体,如: My family are having supper now.

14、有些名词加s后,读音会发生变化,读【z】,如bath -baths mouth-mouths path-paths

15、初中常见名词后加复数考点:tips suggestions decisions inventions results experiences(经历) mistakes wishes choices challenges chances sights views scenes differences specials(特色菜)

(二)、修饰名词的词(掌握)

1.只能修饰可数名词复数的词

数词 manyseverala fewfewa (large)number of,如:two apples两个苹果,a large number of students许多学生,several books几本书

2.只能修饰不可数名词的词

much a littlelittlea great deal of,如 much water 许多水,a little time一点儿时间

3.既能修饰可数名词复数又能修饰不可数名词的词

some any a lot oflots ofplenty of,表示容器的量词 a lot of books 许多书,a lot of milk 许多牛奶,two boxes of apples 两箱苹果,three cups of tea 三杯茶

(三)、名词的所有格(重点难点)

名词的格分为普通格和所有格(通格和属格),通格分为主格和宾格,做主语的是主格,做宾语的是宾格。

通格

1、主格在句子中做主语或表语: The teacher is an Englishman.

2、宾格在句子中做动词或介词的宾语: I like poems. I listen to the music.

表所属关系的是属格,即…..的。有s所有格,of所有格,双重所有格。

s所有格 1一般情况下,表示有生命的东西的名词,所有格一般在该名词后加’s单数名词或人名直接加’s构成所有格Jims sisterLi Mings boos结尾的词复数名词的所有格,只在名词右上方加’ the bosss letter TeachersDay

2、如果为两人共有,则只在后一个名词词尾加’s;如果不是共有的,则两个名词后要加’s如:Jim and Kates room吉姆和凯特的房间; Janes and Toms books的书和汤姆的书

3、复合名词的所有格在后一个名词词尾加’s构成如:her son-in-laws car(她女婿的车)

4表示某人家,店铺等生活,工作处所的所有格后的名常省略如:at Mr Wangsat the tailorsat the barbers at the doctorsnear the grocers

5、注意:特殊情况下,有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等名词也可以在词尾加’s构成所有格,如: two weeksholiday todays newspaperan hours rideten minuteswalkchinas systems Beijings street

6、固定用法 a birds eye view (鸟瞰) a stones throw(一箭之遥)

of所有格 7、一般情况下,如为无生命的名词,通常用“名词+of+名词”结构来构成所有格,the name of the hospitalthe centre of the citythe top of the cliffthe title of the bookthe top of the housethe cost of livingthe window of the house

双重所有格 8套用了两种形式的所有格表示是整体中的一部分常用“名词+of+s所有格”的形式来表示所属关系,即双重所有格,of后的名词必须是有生命的,of前的名词不可以用the如:a friend of my fathers=one of my fathers friends(我父亲的一位朋友,父亲的朋友不止一个)名词+of +名词性物主代词,如:a friend of mine(我的一个朋友,有很多朋友)

9、注意: s所有格和 of所有可以互用,如:Kates picture 可以表述为a( the )picture of Kate(凯特的一张肖像,表示照片里的人是凯特)但不能表述为a picture of kates,(凯特收藏的一张照片,照片里的人可能是别人)

(例外:用toforfrom表示“的”的词,如the answer to the questionthe key to the doora ticket for the concerta student from Beijing)

三、随堂检测

1. They got much _____ from those new books.

A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories

much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词,C.

2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.

A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges

C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges

orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 因此选 C

3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .

A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk

C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk

解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式s,而不能s,因此选A

4. An old _______ wants to see you.

A. people B. person C. the people D. the person

person people 都有“人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一个人”用 a person, “两个人” two persons; people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the people “人民”, a people “一个民族”. 应选B

5. Help yourself to __________.

A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple

C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples

chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故加s, D

6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.

A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers

room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers . 应选C

7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.

A. family B. house C. home D. room

family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;home 指的是家, C.

8. ________ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .

A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter

C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters

解析: 此句中 mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D

9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.

A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts

解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B

10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt ________ in teaching.

A. many experiences B. much experience

C. an experience D. a lot experience

experience “经验”讲时是不可数名词, “经历”讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, B

11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.

A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters

解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D

12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.

A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans

C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen

解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.

13.The team ________ having a meeting .

A. is B. are C. am D. be

解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B

14. Would you like _________? ________, please.

A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees

C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees

解析: drink coffee是不可数名词, 可以用…of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee,当前面加a ,则表示 “一杯”.因此选C

15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.

A. earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions

C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions

解析:earth 是不可数名词,因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of .因此选A

四、归纳总结

五、课后作业

本文来源:https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/23d81d56fd0a79563d1e720c.html

《英语名词的用法.doc》
将本文的Word文档下载到电脑,方便收藏和打印
推荐度:
点击下载文档

文档为doc格式