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Unit 8 A green world
内容全解

Part One Comic strip
重点全解
1、What are you going to do, Hobo?（P 106）
① be going to do sth. 意为“计划（或打算、决定）做某事；即将发生某事；可能会发生某事。”（一般将来时）
例如： ---Are you going to swim with me this afternoon? ---I am going to visite my grandparents tomorrow. 2、Will more trees be planted this year?（P 106） 这里是一般将来时的被动语态，形式"will /shall /be going to +be +动词过去分词"， 例如：A letter will be written by her tomorrow. The work will be finished in ten more minutes. 3、Yes. Trees are good for us.（P106）
① be good for 意为“对......有好处，对......有益”,固定搭配：be good to sb 意为"对某人好"=be friendly to sb; be good at意为“擅长......"= do well in 例如： Eating more vegetables is good for your health. People in the shop are good/friendly to us all.
Lily is good at/does well in Maths. 4、World Environment Day is coming.（P106） World Environment Day 意为“世界环境日”，是专有名词。
本句是用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。英语中一些表示位置移动的词，如：go, come,leave,fly, start,begin,walk,drive 等，通常用现在进行时来表示将要发生或即将发生的动作。
例如：The Blacks are leaving for Beijing.

Part Two Welcome to the unit
A 重点全解
1、Students are talking about ways to live a green life.（P 107） ways to 表示“---的方式”。
例如：
The teacher wants to change her way to talk to her students. 2、We can save energy by turning off the lights when we leave a room. （P107） turn off 意为“关闭（电灯）”其反义词组“turn on 意为打开. turn up 开大； turn down 关小
例如：
Would you turn off the TV if no one is watching it ?
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B 重点全解
1、What should we do to live a green life, class? （P107） live 在这里是及物动词，live a---life表示“过-----生活” 例如：Most of people in the little town live a happy life. 2、More and more families own cars and this causes serious air pollution.（P107） own 在这里是及物动词，表示“有，拥有，占有”。 owner 意为“物主，所有人，可数名词；own pron. 某人自己的（东西）。固定搭配：of one's own,某人自己的，常用作后置定语，修饰名词；on one's own 独自，独立，相当于alone或 by oneself, 常用作表语或状语。 例如：
Who owns the cat? 3、It's wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles.（P107） It's +adj +for sb +to do sth 意为“做---对某人来说是---” 例如：It is helpful for students to read more books. 4、And we should remember to turn off the lights when we leave a room.（P107） remember to do sth 意为“记得要去做某事”；remember doing sth 意为“记得曾做过某事”。
例如：Please remember to take your book when you get out here.
Part Three Reading
A 重点全解
1、In Switzerland,things like glass,plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.（P108） be separated into 意为“被分成---”；separate=move apart : 分开，隔开。separate ......from 意为“把......和......分开/分离” 例如：Let's separate into smaller groups.
My mother is separating the good apples from the bad ones. 2、Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor , and others are sent to factories for recycling. （P 108）
send sth to sb=send sb sth 意为“把某物寄/送给某人”固定搭配：send away:开除，撵走；send for : 派人去请；send up :发射；send off: 寄出，发出 例如：He sent a present to her yesterday=He sent her a present yesterday.
3、My family and I often send our old jeans and T-shirts to this organization.（P 108）
family 意为“家庭，家族，子女”，是可数名词。 family 意为“家庭”时，是集合名词，作主语时，谓语动词要根据语言内容而定，如果作为一个集体单位时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其成员而言时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

Home 意为“家”，指某人出生及日常生活的环境，包括住所及家人。

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house family 一般指居住的建筑物，即“房子，住宅”。 意为“家人，家庭”，指组成家庭的成员，特别指父母及子女，有时仅指子女。

例如：Her family is a happy one.
My home is in Nanjing.
There are three rooms in my house. 4、For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. （P108）
① example 意为“例子，榜样，模范”是可数名词；for example 意为“例如”，其中的example 只能用单数形式，且其前不能带冠词。固定搭配：take an example:举个例子；follow one's example: 学某人的样子；give a good example to others:为别人树立好榜样。
example 例子，榜样，使用范围较广，既可指人也可指物。Example 没有“模楷模 型”之意。
model 模范，典范，指好的或有价值的东西，也可指值得效仿的优秀的人模型 或物，有明显的褒义。

例如：I am going to give you an example. The latest models will be on display at the motor show. ② allow 意为“允许”，allow sb to do sth: 允许某人做某事；allow doing sth : 允许做某事

例如：They don't allow students to wear earrings.
He doesn't allow fishing here. cut 意为“剪下，切下，割下”cut down：意为“砍伐，砍倒，缩短”固定搭配：cut grass:割草；cut across: 抄近路；cut off: 切除，割掉，剪下；cut out : 裁剪；cut up : 切碎
例如：Cut the cake into two exact halves. 5、If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police. （P 109） drop litter 意为“扔垃圾”；fine adj;好的，优良的，健康的，晴朗的；n:罚款；vt：罚款
例如：She was fined $300 and banned from driving for one month. 6、We depend on its rich resources to live ,so it is important for us to protect it wisely. （P 109）
D depend ,不及物动词，意为“依靠，依赖，指望” depend on 意为“依赖，依靠，取决于”
例如： All living things depend on the sun for their growth. 万物生长靠太阳。 7、Luckily, we are starting to use the energy from the sun,wind, and water.（P 109） ① luckily 意为“幸运的是，所幸的是”，是副词，其反义词是：unluckily,意为“不幸地”；luck意为“机会，运气，机遇”是不可数名词；lucky意为“幸运的，走好运的”
例如：Luckily, the weather was not too hot.
Good luck to you!
I'm lucky to pass the English exam.
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He started to jump up and down.
It started raining a little. ② start to do sth 意为“开始做某事”。S start to do 和start doing 都表示开始做某事，但有三种情况常用start to do 而不用start doing; 1,句子主语是物不是人的时候；2，当start 用于进行时即starting时，后接to do sth；3，当start后接表示心理活动的动词如understand, realize等时，后接to do sth 8、These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. （P 109） ① run out表示“用完，耗尽”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间，食物，金钱等；run out of sth. 表示“用完......,耗尽......”是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。
例如：Eddie's food soon ran out.
Susan has run out of honey for tea. 9、Moreover, they produce little pollution. （P 109） T produce 做动词，意为“制作，制造”，做名词，意为“农产品”，是不可数名词，专指农行副产品；product:意为“产品”，是可数名词，专指通过劳动加工而制造出的工业产品；producer 意为“制作人，制作商，生产者”是可数名词；production 意为“生产”，是不可数名词。
例如：The farmers bring their produce to the town every morning.
B 重点全解
1、What do they do with old clothes?（P 111） do with 意为“处理，处置”，常与疑问词what 连用，侧重与对某事物的利用或处置。deal with 意为“对付，处理”，多与疑问词how连用，强调处理某事物的方式、方法。
例如：What will you do with my old books? How did you deal with the problems?
Part Four Grammar
重点全解
1、Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. （P 114）
"one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词/代词"是固定结构，意为“最......之一”，该短语做主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
例如：The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world . problem 意为“难题，问题”是可数名词；problem 与question 区别：problem所指的问题总是与困难联系着，表示“有待于解决的问题”；question 所指的问题总是和疑问联系着，表示“有待回答的问题”，它常与ask, answer 连用。 例如：I can't work out the problem This is a difficult question to answer. pollution 意为“污染”，是名词；pollute 意为“污染”，是动词；polluter 意为“污染者”，是名词。固定短语：water pollution;air pollution;noise pollution; light pollution

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2、In some cities, the air is filled with pollution. （P 114） be filled with sth意为“充满......"; 同意短语有“be full of sth" 例如：
The hole is filled with water. 3、This makes people ill, and more people will be hurt . （P 114） hurt 做动词，意为“使受伤；使疼痛”，过去式：hurt, 过去分词：hurt;现在分词：hurting; 做形容词，意为“受伤的，疼痛的”。短语：be/get hurt :意为“受伤的”
例如：
Hey, it's hurt!. 4、As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution.（P 114） B harm 做名词，意为“伤害，损害”；做动词，意为“伤害，危害，损害” 短语“do harm to ”意为“损害，伤害；对......有害” 例如：
Air pollution does great harm to our health. 5、If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution.（P 114）
act 是不及物动词，意为“行动”；action 是名词，意为“行动，活动，行为” 例如：We must act now to protect the wildlife. We should suit the action to the word. 区分alive,living,live,lively alive 活着的，作表语时，修饰人或物均可，这时可与living互换；作定语时应后置。
living 活着的，主要作前置定语，也可作表语。the living 意为“活着的人”。
live 活的；直播的；作定语一般修饰物。 lively 活泼的，生机勃勃的；既可做表语，也可做定语，修饰人或物均可。

例如：Was the cat alive/living or dead? There will be live TV coverage of tonight's big match.
Kate is a lively girl. 被动语态 （一）一般将来时的被动语态
当动作还没有发生时，我们用一般将来时的被动语态。 形式 结构 例句 S(主语+will +be A highway will be built next year in our city. 肯定形式
Done

S+am/is/are going A new hospital is going to be built in our city. to +be done
否定形式 S+will+not+be He won't be invited to the party. done
S+am/is/are+not Lunch is not going to be finished in ten minutes. going to be done
疑问形式 Will+S+be done?
Will they be allowed to go?
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Am/is/are +S+going to+be done? 特殊疑问词+will+S+be done? 特殊疑问词+be+S+going to +be done? 特殊疑问词（作主语）+will/be going to +be done?
Is the classroom going to be cleaned this afternoon? When will the work be finished? Why are these letters going to be posted tomorrow? Who will /is going to be sent to help them?

（二）含情态动词的被动语态 形式 结构 例句
肯定形式 S+ can/could/must等In those days,books could only be produced one +be done at a time by hand. 否定形式 S+can/could/must等Text messages can't be received by such mobile +not+be done phones. 疑问形式 Can/could/must等Can this kind of magazine be read online? +S+be+done? 特殊疑问词When can this film be shown? +can/could/must等+S+be done? 特殊疑问词(作主语）Who must be sent home? +can/could/must等+be done?

Part Five Integrated skills
重点全解
1、Recycle empty bottles. （P 115） empty 意为“空的”，其反义词是full。
例如：
This bottle is empty . Please give me a full one. empty做形容词还有“空虚的，没有意义的”的意思 。 例如： That's an empty dream.
empty 还可以做动词，意为“倒空”，其反义词为fill(填满，装满。 例如：
They empty the room at once. The street soon emptied when the rain started. 2、Here are the results of the survey.（P 116）

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① survey,意为“调查”是可数名词。
例如： I suggested they do some experiments, at least a survey. ② survey,做动词，意为“调查”。
例如： They surveyed over 200 students for the report.
3、We should try our best to protect the environment.（P 116）
try one's best to do sth =do one's best to do sth意为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”。
例如：I will do/try my best to learn English well. 4、 Air pollution is harmful to our health.（P 116） harmful,意为“有害的”，其反义词是harmless(无害的, be harmful to=be bad for 意为“对......有害”。 be harmless to :对......无害
例如： Watching TV too much is harmful to your eyesight.
You can eat this kind of vegetable. It's harmless. harm,为名词，意为“伤害，损害，危害”;做动词，意为“伤害，使受到伤害” 例如：Hard work never did anyone any harm.
It will harm your eyes to read in the sun. 固定搭配：do no harm:无害；do sb/sth harm= do harm to sb/sth:对某人/某物有害 5、 Trees also help keep soil in place during storms.（P 116） in place 意为“在正确的位置”
例如： Use glue to hold the picture in place.
Please keep everything in place. 6、 They provide home for animals too.（P 116）
provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth,意为“给某人提供某物” 例如：Please do not forget to provide some water for the flowers= Please do not forget to provide the flowers with some water.
Part Six Study skill
1、Coal, oil and natural gas is not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factorys.（P 117）
coal 是不可数名词，意为“煤”，但作“煤块”讲，是可数名词。 例如：
Coal burns easily. Shall I put the two coals on the fire? oil, 是不可数名词，意为“石油，原油”。 例如：They give us food to eat and oil to burn. not only......but(also,意为“不仅......而且......"， 它连接两个结构相似，语法功能相同的成分。该短语连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词与but also之后的主语保持一致。
例如：He not only said it but also did it.
Not only he but also I am good at English. wider,为形容词wide 比较级。 W wide 意为“广泛的，宽的，宽阔的”，副词为widely，意为“广泛地，范围广地，普遍地” 例如：The river is about 10 metres wide.
English is widely used all over the world.
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2、They will form over thousands or even millions of years.（P 117） form,做动词，意为“形成”；做名词，有“形式，形状，表格”是可数名词。 例如： They formed a circle and sang" Friendship Forever" 他们围成一圈，唱起了《友谊地久天长》 。
Water exists in the forms of ice,snow,steam and so on. 固定搭配：in the form of:以......的形式；in form:在形式上; a form of :一种......的形式；application form:申请表
3、 As a result, it is very important for us to use them wise.（P 117）
as a result,是副词短语，意为“结果，因此”其后接表示事情结果的句子。A as a result of 是介词短语，意为“因为，由于”，其后常接表示原因的名词、代词等，相当于 because of。
例如：Susan got up late this morning.As a result , she missed the first bus. The poor boy was late as a result of /because of the heavy traffic jam. it is important for sb to do sth 意为“对某人来说做某事是重要的” 例如：It is very important for us to learn English well. 4、If they are used and thrown away carelessly.（P 117） carelessly, 是副词，“满不在乎地，粗心地”，其反义词为“carefully”意为“小心地，仔细地”。
例如：On the way to school, Jim knocked into a person carelessly.
5、It is time for us to take proper actions to protect our environment.（P 117） it is time for us to do sth 意为“到我们......时间了”。 例如：It is time for us to have lunch.
Part Seven Task

1、Our environment is changing for the worse, so it is time foe us to go green!（P 118）
worse 作名词，意为“更坏的事，更糟的事”，for the worse 意为“更糟糕的情况”。 worse作形容词，意为“更坏的，更糟的”是bad 和ill的比较级；作副词讲，是badly的比较级。 bad,badly;ill的最高级是worst,意为“最差，最糟，最坏”。
例如： Lily always says the things have changed for the worse. The patient is getting worse this morning.
You must be prepared for the worst. 2、Do more exercise and watch less TV.（P 118） exercise 是不可数名词，意为“运动，锻炼”；作一套动作，训练，活动，练习讲，是可数名词；作不及物动词，意为“运动，锻炼，训练，练习”
固定搭配：do/take exercise,"做运动";do eye exercises,"做眼保健操"; do morning exercises,"做早操"。
例如：My parents often do exercise in winter. 3、Follow these small steps, and you can make a big difference to the Earth......（P 118）
step，意为“步骤，措施”，是可数名词；作“脚步，脚步声，台阶”，是可数
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名词。固定短语：bring into step,"使步调一致"; direct one's steps toward,"向......走去"；keep(instep with,"与......保持步调一致"；keep steps with the times,"跟上时代" take a step forward,"前进一步" 例如：He was walking with slow steps.
We heard foot steps outside.
Please mind the steps when you go down. 4、In order to save power, we should turn off the lights when we leave a room.（P 119）
in order to 意为“目的是，为了”，其后接动词原形。in order to 常与so that 或不定式进行同义句转换。
例如: Linda arrived early in order to get a good seat.=Linda arrived early so that she could get a good seat.=To get a good seat, Linda arrived early. 5、We should not use plastic bags. Instead, we should take our own bags when shopping.（P 119）
instead 做副词，意为“代替，顶替”，一般置于句首或句末，和祈使句连用时，只能放在句末。 instead of 表示“代替，而不是”，是介词短语，其后常接与前面并列成份相对应的名词、代词、动名词、形容词、副词、或介词短语等。 例如：It will take several days by car, so let's fly instead.
Instead of lending a hand, he laughted at us. 6、We should do more exercise and watch less TV and it is good to plant some flowers at home. （P 119）
do more exercise, “做更多的运动”；be good to do sth,"做......是好的" 例如:It is good to do more exercise.
7、Follow these small steps, and you can make a big difference to the Earth.（P 119）
make a difference to ,意为“对......产生影响”
例如：working hard could make a big difference to our lives.

短语和句型归纳

短语归纳

1. plant tress 植树，种树 2. go with sb和某人一起去 3. air pollution 空气污染 4. ride a bicycle骑自行车 5. save water节约用水
6. take showers 洗澡，淋浴 7. turn off关上（开关）
8. protect the envrionment保护环境

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9. save energy 节约能源 10. separate ...into...把....分成 11. all over the country 全国 12. charity shops 慈善商店
13. send sth to sb把某物送给某人 14. cut down 砍倒
15. depend on/upon依靠，取决于 16. a type of energy 一种能源 17. run out 用完，耗尽 18. take place 发生，举行
20.daily habits 日常习惯，生活习惯 19. the number of .....的数量/数目 20. brush teeth 刷牙
21. less than 不到，少于
22. some time 一些时间，一段时间 23.read sth through 浏览/通读某物 24.natural resources自然资源 25.go green 环保
26.be in use 在使用中
27.world environment day世界环境日 28.take the underground 乘地铁 29.more and more 越来越多的
30.public transport 公共 交通(设施） 31.produce little pollution 产生很少污染 32.be used up 用完，耗尽 33.so that 以便
34.online friend 网友 35.do with 处理
36.sound like 听起来像 37.clean up 打扫，清理 38.as well as 以及
39.think about/of 思考，考虑
40.both sides of the paper纸的两面 41.the results of the survey 调查结果 42.dig up 挖出 43.as a result 结果 44.if possible如果可能
45.develop a green lifestyle养成一种环保的生活方式 46.one of the biggest problems最大的问题之一 句型归纳
1.be good for 对.......有益
2.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 3.allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 4.invite sb to sp 邀请某人去某地

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