====Basic Operation====
===Basic Operation===
The number keys[0]to[9]and decimal point[DP]are used to enter numbers.To enter a negative number,press[SGN]after entering the number.
To enter an exponent,press[EXP]then enter the exponent using the number and[SGN]keys.
The[DEL]key deletes the last digit entered and can be used to correct a number or exponent.
The[CLR]key clears the display ready for a new calculation.
The[SHIFT]key is used to access the secondary function of each key(displayed above the key in orange.While shift is active,'SHIFT'will be shown on the display.Press[SHIFT]again to cancel shift mode.
As an alternative to using shift,the secondary function of each key can also be accessed by holding down the key.This feature can be disabled in Settings.
====Display Modes====
===Display Modes===
There are four display modes for calculation results.Use the[FSE]key to cycle through the modes. The display will show'FIX','SCI','ENG'or blank to indicate the current mode.
===Decimal Places===
To set the number of decimal places in FIX,SCI or ENG modes,press[SHIFT][TAB].This will bring up a dialog to select the number of places from0to9,together with the current value rounded to each. ===Normal mode===
The result is displayed as a normal floating point value if possible.If its magnitude is less than0.0001 or greater than9999999999,then scientific notation is used(see SCI mode below.The number of decimal places cannot be adjusted in this mode.
===FIX mode(Fixed decimal point===
The result is displayed after rounding to the number of decimal places selected by[SHIFT][TAB].If there is not enough room,the result may be displayed with fewer decimal places.
===SCI mode(Scientific notation===
The result is displayed in the format A x10^B^,with the mantissa(Arounded to the number of decimal places selected by[SHIFT][TAB].
===ENG mode(Engineering notation===
This is the same as SCI mode,except that the exponent is set to a multiple of3.
===Note===
The value used for calculations is the unrounded result stored internally,and not the rounded value shown on the display.
====Result History====
===Result History===
Each time the[EQU]key is pressed,the calculation result is added to a history list.
The[ANS]key presents a dialog showing the calculation result history,with the most recent results at the top.Select the required value to enter it into the calculator.
===History Size===
The maximum number of results which are stored can be set via the Settings screen(Menu->Settings. When set to'Off',the[ANS]key simply recalls the last result,without showing a dialog.
===Unique History===
By default,the values in the history list are unique.If a calculation result is the same as one already in the history list,this value is moved to the top.This behaviour can be changed via the Settings screen. ===History Reset===
The history list can also be cleared via the Settings screen.
====Memories====
===Main Memory===
The main memory has four dedicated function keys:
~[MS]stores the current display value into the main memory.
~[MR]recalls the value stored in the main memory.
~[MP]adds the current display value to the main memory.
~[MM]subtracts the current display value from the main memory.
Whenever a non-zero value is stored in the main memory,the letter'M'is shown on the display.
The main memory can also be accessed via the[STO]and[RCL]keys(see below.
===Additional Memories===
There are nine additional memories which can be accessed via the[STO]and[RCL]keys.These keys show a dialog with the current values stored in the main memory'M'and the additional memories'1' to'9'.Select the appropriate value to store or recall the memory value.
===Memory Reset===
The values stored in all the memories can be reset to zero via the Settings screen.
====Unit Conversion====
===Unit Conversion===
The current display value can be converted between different units using the[CONV]key.
~First,select the unit type from the list(distance,area,speed,time,etc.
~Second,select the unit to convert from.Drag the list up/down to scroll if necessary.
~The dialog will show the value converted to all appropriate units,with the original value highlighted in orange.
~Select the required value to enter it into the calculator.
~Press the back button at any time to go back to the previous step.
===Zero Values===
For most conversions,an original value of0.0will be replaced by1.0as a convenience to avoid converting zero to zero.This does not apply to conversions which are not a simple ratio,e.g. temperature.
===Note===
The unit conversion dialog only displays values in decimal,the current radix mode(BIN,OCT or HEXis ignored.
====Basic Functions====
===Arithmetic Calculations===
These are entered exactly as written:
25[MUL]3[EQU]{75.}
Operations can be joined together:
12[ADD]3[SUB]4[EQU]{11.}
Multiplication and division have precedence over addition and subtraction and will be performed first: 1[ADD]2[MUL]3[EQU]{7.}
The parentheses keys can be used to override the normal precedence:
[OBKT]1[ADD]2[CBKT][MUL]3[EQU]{9.}
There is no limit to the number of parentheses which can be entered.
===Repeat Calculations===
Repeat calculations can be performed without re-entering the value and function key,for example:
10[ADD]20[EQU]{30.}
20is now a constant for addition:
60[EQU]{80.}
30[EQU]{50.}
[EQU]{70.}
[EQU]{90.}
Similarly for subtraction,multiplication and division:
10[SUB]3[EQU]{7.}
15[EQU]{12.}
7[EQU]{4.}
5[MUL]2[EQU]{10.}
7[EQU]{14.}
100[DIV]4[EQU]{25.0}
80[EQU]{20.}
===Percentage Calculations===
~What is10%of200?
200[MUL]10[PC][EQU]{20.}
~What percentage of36is9?
9[DIV]36[PC][EQU]{25.}
~What is a10%increase of200?
200[ADD]10[PC][EQU]{220.}
~What is a20%decrease of500?
500[SUB]20[PC][EQU]{400.}
===Powers and Roots===
~Find20^2^
20[SQR]{400.}
~Find6^3^
6[SHIFT][CUBE]{216.}
~Find the square root of25
25[SQRT]{5.}
~Find the cube root of64
64[SHIFT][CBRT]{4.}
~Find the4th root of81
81[SHIFT][ROOT]4[EQU]{3.}
===Reciprocals===
~Find1/41/5
4[SHIFT][OVER][ADD]5[SHIFT][OVER][EQU]{0.45}
===Constants===
~Find2pi
2[MUL][SHIFT][PI][EQU]{6.283185307}
~Find1/e
[SHIFT][E][SHIFT][OVER]{0.367879441}
====Advanced Functions====
===Logarithms and Exponentiation===
~Find ln(20.1
20[DP]1[LN]{3.000719815}
~Find log(316
316[LOG]{2.499687083}
~Find e^3^
3[SHIFT][EX]{20.08553692}
~Find10^2.5^
2[DP]5[SHIFT][TENX]{316.227766}
===Trigonometric Functions===
For trigonometric functions,angles can be specified in degress,radians or gradients.The[DRG]key cycles through the angle modes,and the display will show DEG,RAD or GRAD to indicate the current mode.
The[DRGC]key also cycles through the angle modes,but also converts the current value in the display.
~Find sin(30(in DEG mode
30[SIN]{0.5}
~Find tan(pi/4(in RAD mode
[SHIFT][PI][DIV]4[EQU][TAN]{1.}
~Find arcos(0.5(in DEG mode
[DP]5[SHIFT][ACOS]{60.}
~Convert180degrees to radians
180[DRGC]{3.141592654}
===Hyperbolic Functions===
For hyperbolic functions press the[HYP]key before pressing[SIN],[COS]or[TAN].For inverse hyperbolic functions use[HYP]in combination with[SHIFT].The'HYP'indicator will appear in the display.
~Find sinh(4
4[HYP][SIN]{27.2899172}
~Find arcosh(9
9[SHIFT][HYP][COS]{2.88727095}
===Factorials and Permutations===
~Find10!
10[SHIFT][FACT]{3628800}
~Find permutations of3items from5
5[SHIFT][NPR]3[EQU]{60.}
~Find combinations of3items from5
5[SHIFT][NCR]3[EQU]{10.}
====Binary,Octal and Hex====
===Binary,Octal and Hexadecimal Modes===
These modes are set using the[BIN],[OCT]and[HEX]keys respectively.The[DEC]key returns to the normal decimal mode.The current value on the display is converted when switching modes.
When in BIN,OCT or HEX modes,calculations are performed on integer values up to12digits. Non-integer results will be truncated.
===Digit Keys===
~In binary mode,only the digit keys[0]and[1]are used.
~In octal mode,only the digit keys[0]to[7]are used.
~In hexadecimal mode,the digit keys[0]to[9]and[KPA]to[KPF]are used.
===Negative Values===
Negative values are represented in2's,8's or16's complement notation.
Example:
[SHIFT][DEC][1][SGN]{-1.}
[SHIFT][BIN]{b-1.}
[SHIFT][OCT]{o-1.}
[SHIFT][HEX]{x-1.}
Pressing the[SGN]key changes from normal to complementary form:
[SHIFT][BIN]111[SGN]{b-7.}
[SGN]{b7.}
===Logical Operations===
In BIN,OCT or HEX modes,additional logical operation keys become available:
[NOT]-bitwise inversion
[AND]-bitwise logical AND
[NAND]-bitwise logical NAND
[OR]-bitwise logical OR
[NOR]-bitwise logical NOR
[XOR]-bitwise exclusive-OR
[XNOR]-bitwise exclusive-NOR
===History and Memory Dialogs===
When in BIN,OCT or HEX modes,the values in the history and memory dialogs are presented in the current mode.Values which cannot be converted to the current mode are shown as'Out of range'and cannot be selected.
====RPN Mode====
===Reverse Polish Mode===
This mode is enabled via the Settings screen.
In this mode,values are entered first,followed by the function key.Values are pushed onto a stack using the[ENTER]key.Functions take their arguments off the bottom of the stack,and push their result back onto the stack.The depth of the stack is unlimited.
Functions which require a single argument,such as[SQR]or[SIN],simply operate on X and replace it,in the same way as normal mode:
5[SQR]{X:25.}
Functions which require two arguments,such as[DIV]or[POW],take X and Y off the stack and put
the result back: 30[ENTER]5[DIV] {X:6.} 2[ENTER]8[POW] {X:256.} ~ If the stack is empty, i.e. there is no value in the Y register, 'Arg?' will be displayed when trying to do an operation which requires two arguments. ~Find (4/(1 4[ENTER]5[ADD]1[ENTER]2[ADD][DIV] {X:3.} Note that as all operations are immediate, there is no need for parentheses or an equals key. ===Stack Operations=== The following additional functions are available in RPN mode: ~ The [DROP] key drops the X value off the bottom of the stack, shifting the remainder of the stack down. ~ The [SWAP] key swaps the values in the X and Y registers. ~ The [LASTX] key restores the value which was in the X register before the last operation. ~ The [VSTK] key opens a dialog which shows the contents of the stack. ===Display=== The display shows the current value at the bottom of the stack, X, and the next value, Y. This can be changed in the settings to show just the X register, or X, Y and Z. The size of the calculator keys is reduced compared to normal mode when showing X/Y or X/Y/Z. ===Result History=== As there is no equals key, the result of every operation is added to the result history.
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