Unit 5 Music
1. dream of 梦见； 梦想； 设想
dream of/about(doing)sth. 梦见； 梦想； 设想(做)某事
☞I dreamed of flying last night. 昨夜我梦见我在飞翔。
☞All the people in the world dream of peace. 全世界人民向往和平。
☞The girl dreamed about winning first prize.那个女孩梦想获得一等奖。
【归纳拓展】
【跟踪典例】
用适当的介词或副词填空 /翻译句子
①The girl dreams________becoming a famous singer in future.
②The story is purely dreamt ,believe it or not.
③As a student,he shouldn’t dream his precious time.
④昨晚我梦到了我的启蒙老师。
【答案】①of/about ②up ③away
④I dreamed of/about my former teacher last night.
2. pretend vt. 假装； 假扮
☞Were you just pretending to be interested?
你是假装感兴趣的吗？
☞He pretended(that) he didn’t mind, but I knew that he did.
他假装不介意，但我知道他是介意的。
☞When his mother came in, he pretended to be doing his homework.
妈妈进来时, 他假装正在做作业。
【跟踪典例】
The detective, ______to be reading a newspaper, glanced at the man seated next to a woman.
A. pretending B. expecting
C. wanting D. intending
3. to be honest=honestly说实在地； 实话说，常用作插入语。同义短语有：
honestly speaking说实在的, 说实话
to tell the truth 说实话
☞To be honest,I am not quite satisfied with what you said and done.
说实话,我对你的所作所为不是很满意。
☞To be honest,none of us like her very much.
说实话,我们都不是很喜欢她。
【归纳拓展】
be honest with sb对某人坦诚
be honest about/to sth对某事坦诚
be honest in doing sth做某事很坦诚
It is honest of sb to do sth 某人做某事是真诚的
【巧学助记】
To be honest, he is such an honest man that he is honest about everything and with all his friends. He likes to be honest in dealing with them.
说实在地, 他非常诚实, 并诚实地对待一切事情和他所有的朋友。他喜欢以诚实的态度和朋友打交道。
【跟踪典例】
______, the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.
A. Generally speaking B. On the contrary
C. In particular D. To be honest
4. attach. . . to. . . 常见的意思如下：
认为……有重要性（或意义、价值、分量等）
附上；连接，附属
把……固定在……上
与……有关联
☞I have attached a label to my bag. 我把标签缚在我的包上。
☞A lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.
许多人把名和利看的很重。
☞This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.
这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。
【归纳拓展】
attach importance/value/significance to...认为……有重要性/价值/意义
attach oneself to依附，参加；缠着
attach one’s name to...在……上签名
【跟踪典例】
We should______great importance to job training, so that students will be aware of their development in related aspects.
A. concentrate B. devote
C. attach D. emphasize
5. form vt.(使)组成；形成；构成；养成
n.形状，外形，形式；表格
☞Group activities help to form a child’s character..
团队活动对孩子性格的形成有所帮助。
☞Blue sky,white cloud and the singing birds form a beautiful picture in his mind.
蓝天、白云和欢唱的鸟儿在他脑海中构成一幅美好的画面。
☞According to sociologists,every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification.
按照社会学家的说法,每一个现代工业社会,都有某种形式的社会阶层。
【归纳拓展】
【跟踪典例】
用form的相关短语填空。
Recently he ① (成立)a weight-loss club. Manypeople came to ② (填表格)to join it. He advised his members to ③ (养成好的饮食习惯). He also suggested eating less fat ④ (以……的形式)meat. He claimed if they exercised regularly and paid attention to their habit of living, they would surely have a good ⑤ (体形).
【答案】①has formed ②fill in/out a form
③form a good eating habit
④in the form of ⑤form
6. earn vt. 赚； 挣得； 获得
☞Don’t ask him how much he earns a week.
不要问他一周赚多少钱。
☞It is honorable to earn a living with your hands.
靠双手劳动来养活自己是光荣的。
☞His braveness earned him the reputation.
他的英勇使他获得荣誉。
【归纳拓展】
earn / make money挣钱
earn one’s bread 谋生
earn a/one’s living=make a living谋生, 维持生计
earn sb sth使某人赢得/挣得……
【易混辨析】
【跟踪典例】
You are old enough to______your own living.
A. win B. gain C. take D. earn
7. perform v.
(1) 演出，演奏；表演
perform a part in a play 在剧中扮演一个角色
perform a role of 扮演……角色
☞The play was first performed in 1987.
这部戏剧与1987年首次上演。
(2) 执行，履行
perform one’s promise 履行诺言
perform one’s duty 尽职责
perform an operation 做/动手术
perform an experiment 做实验
perform a role in在……起作用
☞One should always perform what one promises.
一个人应该说到做到。
☞As everyone knows, she performs an important role in our organization.
大家都知道, 她在我们的组织中发挥着重要的作用。
【归纳拓展】
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①We should ___________________.
我们应履行我们的诺言。
②Some musicians travelling everywhere like __________________________.
一些到处旅行的音乐家喜欢给路人表演。
③As a team leader, he ______________________the team.
作为领队, 他在队中起着重要作用。
【答案】① perform our promise
② to give performances to the passers-by
③ performed a great role in
8. play jokes on戏弄 （joke也可用单数）
☞He always plays jokes on my classmates.
他总是开我同班同学们的玩笑。
【归纳总结】
【跟踪典例】
Daisy can’t stand that her classmates often______ her.
A. keep up with B. come up with
C. look on D. play jokes on
9. rely on依赖； 依靠
rely on/upon sb to do sth指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon (doing)sth 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事
rely on it that. . . 相信……； 指望……
☞The charity has to rely entirely on public donations.
该慈善机构不得不完全依靠公众捐赠。
☞You can rely on it that he will join our club.
你放心好了, 他会加入我们俱乐部的。
【跟踪典例】
The less you ______ the medicine now, the better it will be for your health later.
A. move on B. take on C. rely on D. agree on
【答案】C。句意：你现在对这种药的依赖越少，以后对你的健康越有利。rely on依赖，依靠，符合句意。move on继续；take on呈现；agree on就……达成共识。
10. break up
(1)散会；解散；结束（关系）
☞After midnight, the party broke up.
午夜后聚会散了。
☞The two friends broke up.那两个朋友分手了。
(2)打碎，粉碎
☞The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞碎了。
(3)（学校）放假，学期结束，放学
☞When do you break up for Christmas?
你们什么时候放圣诞节假？
【归纳拓展】
break down出故障； 坏掉； 失败； 垮掉 break in破门而入； 打断(谈话等)
break into强行闯入； 突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发； 发生
break away from脱离； 挣脱 break through克服； 突围； 突破
【跟踪典例】
写出句中加黑短语的含义。
①The meeting broke up at eleven o’clock. ( )
②She’s just broken up with her boyfriend. ( )
③When does the school break up for the summer holidays?（ ）
④Finally the country broke up into three parts. ( )
【答案】①结束，停止 ②断绝关系
③（学校）放假 ④分裂
11. in addition另外； 也
☞ (2013·江西)In addition,they spend money on fishing equipment,bait,fuel and boat repairs.
此外,他们把钱花在钓鱼的装备、诱饵、燃料和船的修理上。
【易混辨析】
【跟踪典例】
Although Diane survived the car crash, her arms and legs were badly injured and________, her car was destroyed.
A.in all B.in return C.in brief D.in addition
【答案】D。句意:尽管戴安娜在那场车祸中幸存下来,但是她的手臂和腿都受了重伤,另外,她的车也报废了。in addition除此之外,另外,符合句意。in all总计；in return作为回报；in brief总之。
12. confident adj. 自信的; 确信的
be/feel confident of/about对……充满信心
be confident in sb对某人有信心
be confident+that从句 确信……
☞Freddy was very confident about his singing.
弗雷迪对他的唱歌很自信。
☞Tom is very confident of his ability to overcome the difficulty.
汤姆对自己能克服困难的能力很自信。
☞We are confident that in the new year our country will get much stronger.
我们相信在新的一年里我们的祖国将更加强大。
【归纳拓展】
【跟踪典例】
Leave it to him! He feels more ________________about himself and his abilities these days.
A.curious B.confident C.sensitive D.worried
13. brief adj. 简短的; 简要的 n. 摘要; 大纲
☞Not long after Freddy and the band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour.
弗雷迪和他的乐队成名后不久, 就到英国去做短暂的巡回演出了。
☞When you call，keep it brief.
你打电话时，一定要言简意赅。
【归纳拓展】
【小结】
【跟踪典例】
Can’t you notice that there is little time left? Please tell me the whole thing________. zx.xk.
A.in case B.in total C.in brief D.in detail
14. sensitive adj. 敏感的; 易受伤害的; 灵敏的
be sensitive to对……敏感
be sensitive about介意……; 在乎……
☞ (2015·广东)I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.
我了解到鱼是冷血动物,因此对水温非常敏感。
【跟踪典例】
This kind of flower is very _____ to light; it prefers the shade.
A.flexible B.sensible C.sensitive D.active
【答案】C。句意：这种花对光很敏感，它更喜欢阴凉。flexible灵活的；sensible明智的，合乎情理的；sensitive敏感的；active积极的，活跃的。故选C。
15. above all最重要; 首先（强调重要性）
☞Above all，he is an honest man.首先，他是一个诚实的人。
☞Above all，don’t talk to anybody about it.
最重要的是，对任何人都不要谈起这件事。
【归纳拓展】
in all总共 first of all首先（强调顺序）
all in all总的说来 all at once突然；同时
after all毕竟，终究；到底 (not) at all 一点也(不)；完全(不)
【跟踪典例】
用above all/in all/after all/first of all填空
①People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her._______, she is a great musician.
②_______, you should know what profession suits you best while looking for a job.
③There are 60 students________in the classroom.
④We have many things to do now.________, we must study hard.
1. They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who
was good enough. 他们在报纸上登了一则广告, 想招摇滚乐手, 但他们只招到一个满意的。
looking for rock musicians为现在分词短语在句中作定语, 修饰advertisement。
☞There is a door leading to the garden.
有一扇门通往花园。
【归纳拓展】
【跟踪典例】
Those______to join the club should sign here.
A. wished B. wishing
C. to wish D. to be wished
【答案】B。考查非谓语动词。句意: 想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。those与wish之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用现在分词作后置定语。
2. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. 每周在电视上，门
基乐队会演唱其他音乐人写的歌曲。
written by other musicians是过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动，和所修饰的词之间是逻辑动宾关系，相
当于定语从句which were written by other musicians。
☞This will be the best novel of this kind ever written.
＝This will be the best novel of this kind that has ever been written.
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
【跟踪典例】
用括号内单词的正确形式填空
①(2015•福建)Teams of four，________(dress) in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50metre course.
②Japan_____________(consider) to be the best prepared to deal with an earthquake emergency set us an example.
6. Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were
close friends. 素不相识的人们经常议论他们的私生活就像是谈论他们亲密的朋友一样。
as if=as though, 意为＂仿佛, 像, 似乎＂。通常用在be, look, seem, sound, taste, smell及feel等连系动词
的后面。其后的从句常有两种情况:
（1）若as if/as though引导的从句表示的是事实或极有可能出现的情况, 从句一般用陈述语气。
☞She seems as if she is going to cry. 她似乎要哭了。(陈述事实)
（2）若as if/as though引导的从句表示的是非真实的或出现可能性不大的情况, 从句通常用虚拟语气。从句
虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下:
word/media/image18.gif 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。
表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用＂had＋过去分词＂。
表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用＂would／could／might＋动词原形＂
☞He talks as if he knew where she was.
他说话的样子, 好像他知道她在哪里似的。
☞He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。
【跟踪典例】
Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
【答案】B。句意：拿花瓶时不要当它是钢做的一样。as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；由Don’t handle可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用动词的过去式were。
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时, 我们通常用＂介词+关系代词＂引导定语从句。如果指＂人＂, 用＂介词+whom＂; 如果指＂物＂, 用＂介词+which＂。who和that不能用于此结构。学习时应注意以下几点。
一、介词的选用
＂介词＋关系代词＂中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：
1. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词选用介词。
☞The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
和我说话的那个人起先没有回答。(speak to)
2. 根据先行词确定介词。
☞In his room，we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books.
在他的房间里，我们看见一张上面放着各种书的大桌子。(on the table)
3. 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。
☞Air，without which man can't live, is really important.
空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。
☞This book has opened a window，through which we can see a wonderful world.
这本书打开了一扇窗，通过这扇窗我们能够看到一个精彩的世界。
【名师点津】当先行词是way且于从句中作状语的时候，我们可以使用in which或that引导定语从句。在这种情况下，in which或that也可以省略。
☞I did not like the way (in which/that)she talked to me.我不喜欢她和我说话的方式。
二、＂介词＋关系代词＂的替换
1. 当先行词为表示时间、地点的名词或名词短语及名词reason时, 介词in, on, at, for等与关系代词which一
起引导定语从句时, 可用相应的关系副词when, where, why等替换。
☞America is the country in which George Washington was born.
乔治•华盛顿出生在美国。(可用where替换in which)
☞The reason for which he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him.
他拒绝赴宴的原因是他们没邀请他。(可用why替换for which)
2. ＂the+名词+of +关系代词＂引导定语从句时, 可用＂of +关系代词+the+名词＂或＂whose+名词＂替换。
☞We study in a classroom，the door of which/of which the door/whose door faces south.
我们在门朝南的教室里学习。
申请信的写作
Dear Sir or Madam,
I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in________________________(报纸/网站名称) of________________________(广告发布时间).
Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but also I have the right personality for a ______________ (工作名称). On one hand, _____________________(第一个原因). On the other hand, ______________________(另一个原因).
Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at________________________(电话号码).
Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作方法】
1. 首段：
a. 自我介绍；
b. 申请原因；
c. 说明写信目的。
2.主体：
a. 详述有关背景资料：资历、教育经历、工作经历、兴趣爱好；
b. 询问有关学校、课程等具体内容。
3.尾段：
a. 强调上述材料的重要性；
b. 希望尽快得到答复；
c. 要求手册及申请表；
d. 表示感谢。
【写作流程图】
第一部分：说明写信的目的
套语：
(1) 兹申请刊登在……上的……工作。
I am writing to apply for the post of … advertised in …
(2) 见……上刊登的贵公司广告，我谨申请应聘贵公司的……职务。
In reply to your advertisement in …, I beg to apply for the post of … in your company.
(3) 看到贵公司在报上招聘……的广告，我马上感到这正是我这段时间所要寻找的工作，并且我能胜任。
Immediately I saw your advertisement in the paper for …I felt it was just the kind of post for which I have the qualifications and for which I have been looking for some time.
(4) 我想申请入贵校学习。
I would like to apply for admission to your college.
(5) 我想在贵校……系继续深造。
I would like to further my studies in …Department of your university.
第二部分：介绍详情
套语：
(1) 我的专业是……，我了解贵校在上述领域有极好的项目。
My major is…, and I understand your university has a good program in this field.
(2) ……年，我出生于……，毕业于……大学……专业。毕业后一直在……工作，因此积累了该领域丰富的经验。
Born in …in…, I graduated from…University majoring in …I have been working in …since my graduation, and I have therefore attained rich experience in this field.
(3) 毕业后，我先担任……，随后担任……，现任职于……
Upon graduation, I first worked as … The following job was …and currently I am working for/in …
(4) 我现在就读于北京第二外国语学院英语专业，即将毕业。
I am now studying at Beijing Second Foreign Language Institute and will soon be graduated as an English major.
第三部分：说明申请该职位或学校的原因
套语：
(1) 贵公司目前做的这种工作特别使我感兴趣。
The kind of work in which your company is engaged particularly interests me.
(2) 我认为我具备了报上刊登的贵公司……一职所要求的必要条件和经验。
I feel I have the necessary qualifications and experience needed for the position of …advertised in the newspaper.
(3) 受我所学课程的影响，我对饭店、酒店管理产生了浓厚的兴趣。
Under the influence of the courses I have taken, I have developed a special interest in Restaurant and Hotel Management.
第四部分：恳请招聘单位或所申请的学校考虑自己的申请，并表示谢意，期望回复
套语：
(1) 如能尽快回复，我将不胜感激。
Your early response will be much appreciated.
(2) 希望贵校能给我寄来空白申请表。
I hope you will kindly send me an application form.
(3) 如能收到所需的申请表和有关入学的指南我将十分感激。
I would greatly appreciate receiving copies of the required application forms and any instructions you may be so kind as to give me regarding my possible admission.
(4) 希望同意面试，届时我可以更详细地说明我的技能。
I hope I may be granted an interview, when I can explain my qualifications more fully.
(5) 我将乐意在您方便时接受面试，届时我将进一步介绍自己。
I should be pleased to attend for an interview at your convenience, when I could give you further details concerning myself.
※ 写入学申请信与工作申请信有相似之处，特别要注意两点：一是不要过分奉承对方，二是不要自吹自擂。如不要说 I always studied well, and all my teachers loved me. 而应用自己的学习成绩单、获奖情况、发表论文情况来说明。
1.对于你们在广告中所招聘的职务，我高兴的感觉到自己有资格申请。
I am glad that I feel quite qualified for the position you advertised.
2.我对你们招聘销售部经历的广告很感兴趣。
Your advertised position of sales manager interests me.
I am extremely interested in your advertised position of sales manager.
3.此外，我的日语说得很流利。
In addition, I can speak Japanese fluently.
In addition, I can speak good Japanese.
4.我希望你们能给我一个实现理想的机会。
I hope you can give me a chance to realize my dream.
5.如果我能被你们公司录用，我将非常感激。
If I can be admitted into your company, I will be very grateful.
I’d appreciate it if I can be admitted into your company.
I’d be very thankful to you if I can be offered the position in your company.
6.如果您想了解我更多的信息，请联系我。
If you need to know any more about me, please contact me.
Writing 1
假设你是南阳中学的李华。你校拟选拔一批优秀学生，利用寒假到世界外国语小学(World Foreign Language Primary School)给外国小朋友辅导汉语。你希望参加此活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给校评选组写一封申请信：
●对此活动的理解
●个人优点
●你的打算
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Hua from Nanyang Middle High School.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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