简单句基本句式和句子成分
A)英语中的简单句有五种基本句型,它可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。五种基本句型构成如下:
种类 | 句型 | 主语 | 谓语部分 | |||
谓语动词 | 表语 | 宾语 | 宾语补足语 | |||
第1种 | S+V主谓结构 | Birds | fly. | |||
第2种 | S+V+O主谓宾结构 | He | plays | the piano. | ||
第3种 | S+V+P主系表结构 | We | are(系动词) | friends. | ||
第4种 | S+V+O1+O2主谓双宾结构 | I | gave | him a pen. (间宾)(直宾) | ||
第5种 | S+V+O+C主谓宾宾补结构 | Tom | made | me | cry. | |
说明 | S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 | |||||
判断下列句子的类型并理解be动词的用法(连系动词/助动词)
1.The boy is 式________
2.The boy is 式________
3.The boy is playing the 式________
4.He is playing 式________
5.His music is very 式________
B)句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语,以下是句子成份详解及巧记口诀一览表:
句子成分 | 意义 | 充当词类 | 例句 |
主语 The Subject | 句子说明的人或事物。 | 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等。 | American_music has become popular. We often speak English in class. |
谓语 The Predicate | 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后。 | 动词 | We are students. He practices running every morning. |
宾语 The Object | 表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 | 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和宾语从句等。 | The girls like English. He gave me a_book yesterday. |
表语 The Predicative | 说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后。 | 名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词和表语从句等。 | Our teacher is an_American. My car is white. We were at_school just now. |
宾语补足语 The Object Complement | 补充说明宾语的性质、特征等。 | 名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等。 | His father named her Lily. They painted their boat white. |
定语 The Attribute | 修饰名词或代词,具有形容词性质。 | 形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语等。 | Guilin is a beautiful city. What is his name? We have four lessons every day. |
状语 The Adverbial | 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,具有副词性质,说明动作或状态特征。 | 副词、介词短语和相当于副词的词或短语等。 | We often get up early. He has lived in the city for_ten_years. |
句子成分 主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。 学记口诀 宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无。 | |||
翻译下列句子
1.学生们学习很努力。___________________________________________________________
2.这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_______________________________________________________
3.我上周末看了一部电影。_______________________________________________________
4.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。___________________________________
5.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。___________________________________________________
判断这些句子的类型
1.She is a very good 式
2.They 式
3.I bought a new 式
4.He gave a good book to 式
5.He asked me to help 式
A);连系动词 ;助动词 ;助动词 ;助动词 ;连系动词
B) students work very hard.
2.The food tasted very terrible.
3.I saw a film last weekend.
4.Her father bought a bike for her as a birthday present yesterday.
5.We found him an honest man.
Ⅲ.
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