新人教版高中英语教材第8册课文

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Unit1AlandofdiversityGeorgesdiary12th-14thJuneMonday12th,June
Arrivedearlythismorningbybus.Wentstraighttohoteltodropmyluggage,showerandshave.Thenwentexploring.Firstthingwasrideonacablecar.FromtopofthehillgotaspectacularviewofSanFranciscoBayandthecity.Builtin1873,thecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrewHallidie,whowantedtofindabetterformoftransportthanhorse-drawntrams.Apparentlyhedbeenshockedwhenhesawaterribleaccidentinwhichatramsbrakesfailed,theconductorcouldnotcontrolthesituationandthesituationandthetramslippeddownthehilldraggingthehorseswithit.
HadalatelunchatFishermansWharf.ThisisthedistrictwhereItalianfishermenfirstcametoSanFranciscointhelate19thcenturyandbeganthefishingindustry.Nowitsatouristareawithlotsofshops,seafoodrestaurantsandbakeries.ItsalsotheplacetocatchtheferrytoAngelIslandandotherplacesintheBay.
DidsomuchexploringatFishermansWharf.Amexhaustedanddontfeellikedoinganythingelse.Earlybedtonight!

Tuesday13th,June
Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel(PeterandTerriand

hiredacar.Spentalldaydrivingaroundthecity.Theresafascinatingdrivemarkedoutfortourists.Ithasblueandwhitesignswithseagullsonthemtoshowthewaytogo.Itsa79kmround-tripthattakesinallthefamoustouristspots.Stoppedmanytimestoadmiretheviewofthecityfromdifferentanglesandtakephotographs.Nowhaveareallygoodideaofwhatthecityslike
Inevening,wenttoChinatownwithPeterandTerri.Chineseimmigrantssettledinthisareainthe1850s.thefrontsofthebuildingsaredecoratedtolooklikeoldbuildingsinsouthernChina.Sawsomeinterestingtempleshere,anumberofmarketsandagreatmanyrestaurants.Alsoartgalleriesandamuseumcontainingdocuments,photographsandallsortsofobjectsaboutthehistoryofChineseimmigration,butitisclosedintheevening.Willgobackduringtheday.Hadadeliciousmealandthenwalkeddownthehilltoourhotel.

Wednesday14th,June
Inmorning,tookferrytoAngleIslandfromtheportinSanFranciscoBay.OnthewayhadagoodviewoftheGoldenGateBridge.From1882to1940AngelIslandwasofafamousimmigrationstationwheremanyChinesepeopleappliedforrighttoliveinUSA.Thecellsinthestationwereverysmall,coldanddamp

somedidnotevenhavelightbuttheimmigrantshadnowhereelsetogo.Theirmiserablestayseemedtobepunishmentratherthanjusticeandfreedomtothem.TheywrotepoemsonthewallsabouttheirlonelinessandmournedtheirformerlifeinChina.In1940thecivilauthoritiesreformedthesystemsothatmanymoreChinesepeoplewereabletograsptheopportunityofsettlingintheUSA.Mademeverythoughtfulandthankfulformylifetoday.
Unit2CloningReading
CLONING:WHEREISITLEADINGUS?
Cloninghasalwaysbeenwithusandisheretostay.Itisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplantwhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones.Italsohappensinanimalswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg.Thefactisthatthesearebothexamplesofnaturalclones.
Cloninghastwomajoruses.Firstly,gardenersuseitallthetimetoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.Secondly,itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycompcomplicated.Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.Manyattempts

toclonemammalsfailed.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthrough---thecloningofDollythesheep.Theprocedureworkslikethis:1.FemalesheepAprovidesaneggcell.2.Thenucleusisremovedfromtheeggcell.3.Theeggcellisreadyfroanewnucleus.
4.FemalesheepBprovidesasomaticcellfortheclone.
Thenucleusofthiscellcontainsallthegenesneededtoproduceanewsheep.
5.Thenucleusistakenoutofthesomaticcell.
6.thenucleusfromsheepBandtheeggcellfromsheepAarejoinedusingelectricity.
7.thecelldividesandgrowsintoanembryo.
8.theembryoisputintofemalesheepC,whobecomesthecarrieroftheclone.
9.thelambisthecloneofthedonatedcellfromSheepBwhichprovidedthenucleus.
Ontheonehand,thewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulclone,Dollythesheep.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.Cloning

scientistswerecastdowntofindthatDollysillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.AlthoughDollylivedsixandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.Sadlythesamearbitraryfateaffectedotherspecies,suchasclonedmice.Thequestionsthatconcernedallscientistswere:Wouldthisbeamajordifficultyforallclonedanimals?Wouldithappenedforever?Coulditbesolvedifcorrectionsweremadeintheirresearchprocedure?
Ontheotherhand,Dollysappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.Itbecamecontroversial.Itsuddenlyopenedeverybodyseyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillnessesandeventoproducehumanbeings.
Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain,newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.Religiousleadersalsoraisedmoralquestions.Governmentsbecamenervousandmoreconservative.Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning,butothercountrieslikechinaandtheUK,continuedtoaccumulatedevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelpor

harmusandwhereitisleadingus.
Unit3InventorsandinventionsTHEPROBLEMOFTHESHAKES
WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.

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